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WHAT DRIVES MORE INTEREST IN BUYING SKINCARE? ONLINE CUSTOMER REVIEW OR ONLINE CUSTOMER RATING
Get PDFThe value of skincare is becoming more widely recognized, and the skincare business in Indonesia is expanding significantly. Through the marketplace platform, this study seeks to ascertain what motivates Generation Z consumers to purchase skincare products based on online user ratings and reviews. Questionnaires were employed in the study's quantitative data collection methodologies. The study's participants were Cirebon City teenagers between 14 and 18, and 400 responders were found using the Slovin formula. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS, a statistical method that incorporates partial least squares. The data was examined through the use of SEM-PLS, a technique known as Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square. The findings demonstrated that online consumer ratings and reviews significantly influence purchasing intention. These two independent variables can influence Generation Z's combined inclination to buy skincare products. Online reviews from customers play a crucial role in influencing the decision to buy skincare items. This suggests that Generation Z accepts and believes user reviews that provide product details, usage experiences, benefits, and drawbacks, as well as information that helps prospective customers comprehend the makeup of skincare products. To stimulate Generation Z's interest in purchasing skincare products, skincare business actors can use the study's findings to help them create digital-era marketing strategies that work. They can also try to get customers who have already purchased skincare products to write reviews
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOCIETY
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to examine the current unemployment situation in Mongolian society and assess its effects on social security. By 2024, the unemployment rate in Mongolia had reached 5.2%, negatively impacting social stability and serving as a key obstacle to economic growth.
The research drew on data from the National Statistics Committee, research materials, and the findings of the labor market demand barometer survey. Employing a systems approach methodology, the study analyzed unemployment and identified its challenges and implications for social security.
Findings revealed that out of Mongolia's 2.1 million individuals aged 15 and above, 1.2 million are part of the labor force, while 877,000 are not. Women make up 54.5% of registered unemployed individuals, with men comprising 45.5%. Notably, the unemployment rate is higher among young people aged 15-24 compared to other age brackets.
The primary factors contributing to unemployment include skill mismatches, challenges in transitioning from education to employment, systemic issues, and a lack of needs-based approaches. Additionally, issues such as labor market imbalances, low wages, and a significant rate of informal employment (24.3%) further exacerbate the problem.
Unemployment leads to adverse outcomes like decreased income, poverty, social exclusion, crime, and emotional strain, impacting social security directly. The research suggests the necessity of implementing holistic strategies to address unemployment and boost employment rates
US AND CHINESE POSITIONS ON THE TAIWAN ISSUE AND THE CHANGES TAKING PLACE
Get PDFThe Taiwan issue has become a critical and potentially explosive flashpoint in contemporary international relations, posing a significant challenge to regional stability and global security. Recent developments in cross-strait relations have escalated dramatically, with increased military activities, diplomatic tensions, and strategic posturing reminiscent of the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis of 1996. Tensions between China and Taiwan are rapidly rising, reshaping the geopolitical landscape of the Asia-Pacific region. China considers Taiwan a renegade province and views the Taiwan question as a domestic issue that should not be interfered with by foreign powers. With recent military modernization and technological advancements, Beijing has taken a more assertive and confrontational approach towards Taiwan. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) has significantly increased military exercises and operations near Taiwan, while Chinese President Xi Jinping has consistently expressed China's commitment to reunification with Taiwan, even if force is necessary.
The United States has maintained a policy of strategic ambiguity on the Taiwan issue for over four decades, balancing unofficial support for Taiwan with official recognition of Beijing's "One China" principle. While U.S. presidents have shown willingness to support Taiwan's security and democracy, the question of potential military intervention in a conflict between China and Taiwan remains unanswered, sparking debate among policymakers, military experts, and scholars.
This analysis delves into the evolving positions of Beijing and Washington on the Taiwan question, examining their motivations, strategic calculations, and policy frameworks. The study explores potential scenarios for Chinese military action against Taiwan and assesses the likelihood and nature of American military involvement in a Taiwan Strait conflict
SHERIF KHIMSHIASHVILI — ARCHITECT OF PEACEFUL INTEGRATION
Get PDFThe presented scientific work is dedicated to an in-depth analysis of the political figure of Sherif Khimshiashvili and an assessment of his strategic actions in the historical context of the second half of the 19th century. The authors present him as an example of transformational leadership, whose political vision and moral authority became a decisive factor in the peaceful return of Adjara to its historical homeland - Mother Georgia..
Historians explore how Sherif Khimshiashvili, relying on dynastic tradition, inherited responsibility, and a sense of political intuition, was able to guide regional transition without violence. He is portrayed not as a passive feudal lord but as an active intermediary between external empires and the local society. His strategy was rooted in internal legitimacy, negotiation-focused politics, and cultural compatibility, which enabled the peaceful navigation of a potentially conflict-ridden transformation.
The paper is based on discourse-contextual analysis, integrating historical sources with contemporary theoretical approaches, including leadership theory, memory politics, and the concept of transitional justice. The authors argue that Sherif Khimshiashvili's actions may be interpreted as a realization of national self-consciousness that transcended the circumstantial role of the ruling class and exemplified moral leadership during the imperial age.
Khimshiashvili’s political strategy established a legitimate basis for the integration of Adjara with the Georgian state—a process that remains a relevant lesson for modern Georgia, especially in a time when reconciling regional identities with national unity continues to be a challenge. His legacy, which combines feudal tradition, national vision, and peaceful diplomacy, deserves greater recognition in both Georgia’s collective historical memory and its contemporary political thought
ROCK CLIMBING AS A HEALTH-PROMOTING ACTIVITY: BENEFITS AND RISKS ACROSS POPULATIONS
Get PDFRock climbing has been steadily gaining popularity worldwide, particularly after its inclusion in the Olympic Games in 2020. As a physically and mentally demanding activity, it uniquely combines strength, endurance, balance, coordination, and problem-solving. This review aims to explore the physical and mental health benefits of recreational rock climbing, with a focus on outdoor settings, as well as the associated risk of injury. Current evidence indicates that climbing can enhance muscular strength, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition, especially among youth and young adults. Additionally, it has been linked to psychological benefits such as improved mood, stress relief, and greater overall well-being. Outdoor climbing, in particular, is associated with higher levels of enjoyment and satisfaction compared to indoor activity, which may promote long-term participation. However, climbing also presents a risk of injury, particularly chronic overuse injuries in the upper limbs, with elite climbers experiencing higher injury rates. Despite these risks, the overall findings support the role of rock climbing as a multidimensional, health-promoting activity. Further research is needed to better understand injury prevention and the long-term health impacts of climbing across different populations
UPPER LIMB INJURIES IN ESPORTS AND VIDEOGAMING – A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY, RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION METHODS
Get PDFObjective: The growth of esports and videogaming has led to increased upper limb musculoskeletal complaints. This narrative review synthesizes literature on injury types, prevalence, risk factors, and management to guide prevention and management.
Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for English-language studies on esports and videogaming up to May 2025. Epidemiological surveys, case reports, and reviews were included if they addressed upper limb injuries. Data on prevalence, injury types (e.g., neuropathies, tendinopathies), potential pathology and risk factors, were extracted.
Key findings: Up to 70% of competitive gamers report wrist and hand pain; wrist pain appears in 6%–36% and hand pain in 5%–30%. Among those gaming > 2 hours/day, 34.8% had musculoskeletal disorders. Common injuries include RSIs such as carpal tunnel and ulnar neuropathies, tendinopathies (e.g., “gamer’s thumb”), and occasional fractures or lacerations. Risk factors include prolonged sessions (5–10 hours/day), high actions per minute (APMs) (500–600), non-ergonomic setups and obesity. Only 2% seek medical care and untreated injuries can limit performance, force time off or end careers.
Conclusions: Early detection and intervention are vital. Preventive measures include ergonomic optimization, regular breaks, ergonomic devices, and exercise. Educating players and involving sports medicine professionals can reduce injuries and improve gamer well-being
IMPACT OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON NEUROCOGNITIVE HEALTH AND SARCOPENIA IN THE ELDERLY
Get PDFIntroduction: Sarcopenia (progressive muscle loss/weakness) and neurocognitive decline are serious, interrelated difficulties of aging, with shared pathophysiological pathways including inflammation and disrupted muscle-brain communication. Resistance exercise training (RET) counters sarcopenia and additionally may be beneficial for cognition via myokine release.
Methods: Systematic review (PubMed/Google Scholar) of the impact of RET on sarcopenia and neurocognitive health in adults aged ≥ 65 years was done. The search words were "resistance exercise", "sarcopenia", "neurocognitive health", and "elderly". Clinical studies, trials, meta-analyses, and RCTs after 2017 were included. After screening 348 records and applying exclusion criteria, 21 studies were analyzed.
Results: RET significantly improves sarcopenia, increasing muscle strength (e.g., knee extension SMD=1.26), mass (especially with protein supplementation), and physical function (e.g., gait speed SMD=1.28), reducing fall risk. RET also yields domain-specific cognitive improvements, most consistently in executive function and processing speed, that are coupled with hippocampal expansion and expanded functional connectivity. RET elevates neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF) and reduces inflammation (e.g., IL-6). Crucially, several studies demonstrate concurrent improvements in both cognition and muscle strength/function, with strength improvement being related to cognitive improvement (up to 40% mediation).
Discussion: RET provides two-fold protection through mechanisms like heightened protein synthesis, reduced inflammation, and neurotrophic support. Barriers include low adherence, access, and standardization of protocols (e.g., optimal dose: ≥2 sessions/week, 70–80% 1RM). Future research needs validated biomarkers, optimized protocols (including nutritional co-interventions), and high-quality RCTs on minimal effective doses and synergies.
Conclusions: RET is a robust, evidence-based intervention counteracting both sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older adults, and promoting functional independence and healthy aging. The resolution of implementation concerns and outstanding research questions is necessary to maximize its public health impact
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF TEACHER PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY ON THE TEACHING OF NUMBER CONCEPTS IN THE FOUNDATION PHASE
Get PDFThis qualitative study sort to understand the influence of teacher professional identity on teaching number concepts in the foundation phase. Twelve foundation phase teachers from the Johannesburg East District were purposively selected. Data was collected using in-depth interview schedule and observation tool and analysed thematically. The findings reveal that teacher professional identity has an influence on how teachers teach number concepts. The influence was either negative or positive. The positive identity manifested where teachers view themselves as pedagogical content knowledge specialists, in loco parentis, among others. Teachers who exhibited a positive teacher professional identity were characterised by enthusiasm, self-motivated, friendly, having a sense of competence and commitment. On the other hand, a negative teacher professional identity was characterised by teachers viewing themselves as teacher-administrators, the ‘l’ as a social worker, among others. In some scenarios, we noted that there was lack of synergy between the way teachers teach number concepts and the self-image. The self-image was not reflected in their teaching. We concluded that the manner in which teachers see themselves as teachers teaching number concepts plays a major role in shaping the teaching of number concepts in the foundation phase. We recommend that the employer invest in programs that will improve how teachers see themselves as teachers teaching number concepts
FERTILITY AND PARENTING OPTIONS IN TURNER SYNDROME - A REVIEW OF CURRENT POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS
Get PDFTurner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 2,500 live births. The most common karyotype is 45.X, however, mosaic karyotypes are also present and are associated with a milder presentation of the syndrome. The main symptoms faced by patients with TS include growth deficiency, cardiovascular disorders, and reproductive disorders, including premature ovarian failure (POI). Fertility disorders are mainly due to the presence of dysgenetic gonads, which negatively affect the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Changes in the ovarian cells, including stunted follicle development, abnormal morphology, and follicle atresia, are also a significant problem. Measurements of FSH, LH, and AMH, which appear to be the most stable parameters of ovarian reserve, play an important role in the diagnosis of POI. Due to the fertility disorders in TS, spontaneous pregnancies are achieved in less than 6% of women. Among the fertility preservation methods in patients with preserved ovarian reserve are oocyte cryopreservation or cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, while oocyte donation is the method of choice when ovarian reserve is depleted. For women desiring offspring with contraindications to pregnancy, surrogacy or adoption are alternatives. Pregnancy in TS is associated with many risks for both the mother and the fetus. Patients should be managed by a specialised team experienced in the management of women with TS, including cardiac assessment, both preconceptional and postconceptional. This review discusses the available parenting methods for patients with TS, taking into account recent literature
REVISITING HYALURONIC ACID THERAPY IN ORTHOPEDICS: BETWEEN SCIENCE AND SKEPTICISM
Get PDFIntroduction: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a long, unbranched polysaccharide classified as a glycosaminoglycan. Since its isolation from the vitreous body of an ox in 1934 by Karl Meyer and John Palmer, HA has attracted considerable interest across medical disciplines. Naturally occurring HA possesses several favorable properties, including high water-binding capacity, biocompatibility, viscoelasticity, free radical scavenging, and unique rheological characteristics. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and immunosuppressive effects, contributing to its increasing popularity—especially in orthopedics. HA is present in high concentrations within synovial fluid, joint capsules, and cartilage, making it highly relevant in conditions involving joint degeneration or injury. Accordingly, HA-based therapies have found widespread application in treating osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tendinopathies, and other soft tissue disorders.
Aim: The aim of this work is to evaluate the clinical relevance, efficacy, and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of orthopedic conditions, particularly osteoarthritis, tendinopathies, and other soft tissue injuries. The objective is to clarify HA's therapeutic value, especially via intra-articular injection, amid ongoing debate regarding its clinical effectiveness compared to placebo and standard non-surgical treatments.
Materials and Methods: This review is based on an analysis of numerous studies, particularly randomized controlled trials (RCTs), that assessed the efficacy of HA in orthopedic applications. Emphasis was placed on comparing HA treatment outcomes—most notably intra-articular injections—with those of placebo and conventional non-operative therapies. Literature was reviewed from relevant medical databases and peer-reviewed sources.
Results: Evidence from multiple studies suggests that intra-articular HA injections can lead to improvements in pain and joint function compared to baseline or non-surgical treatments. However, many randomized controlled trials have shown no statistically significant advantage of HA over placebo. Despite this, patient-reported outcomes often indicate symptom relief and improved function following HA administration.
Conclusion: Due to conflicting data regarding its clinical utility, the use of HA in orthopedics remains a topic of ongoing debate. Nonetheless, HA's favorable safety profile and biological properties support its consideration in selected orthopedic cases. When used appropriately, HA injections may offer a viable non-surgical option for managing joint and soft tissue disorders