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RECURRENT UTIs IN NON-PREGNANT WOMEN: NON-ANTIBIOTIC PREVENTION AND AN OUTPATIENT STEWARDSHIP ALGORITHM
No full textIntroduction: Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) in non-pregnant women represent a major clinical and socioeconomic burden, increasingly complicated by antimicrobial resistance and limited antibiotic options.
Aim of the Study: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on non-antibiotic prevention strategies and proposes a structured outpatient stewardship algorithm.
Methodology: A comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (inception–September 2025) identified studies on behavioral, pharmacological, and immunological prophylaxis in adult women with recurrent uncomplicated UTIs.
Results: Evidence supports lifestyle optimization—adequate hydration, postcoital voiding, and intimate hygiene—as safe but variably effective measures. Cranberry-derived proanthocyanidins and D-mannose demonstrate moderate efficacy in reducing recurrences, while vaginal estrogen significantly benefits postmenopausal women by restoring mucosal integrity. Immunostimulants such as OM-89 and methenamine hippurate emerge as promising antibiotic-sparing options, supported by high-quality randomized trials. The proposed outpatient algorithm prioritizes elimination of modifiable risk factors, sequential non-antibiotic prophylaxis, and restricted antibiotic use guided by urine culture results. Non-antibiotic strategies have shown favorable cost-effectiveness and reduced healthcare utilization compared with continuous antibiotic prophylaxis. Future research should standardize outcome definitions, incorporate microbiome and immunological analyses, and evaluate long-term cost–benefit profiles through multicenter pragmatic trials.
Conclusions: Integrating non-antibiotic prevention into structured stewardship frameworks offers a sustainable, patient-centered model for rUTI management, mitigating resistance development while maintaining clinical efficacy
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: A DECADE OF EVIDENCE
No full textCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been proposed as cardioprotective agents through anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and plaque- stabilizing mechanisms. This review synthesizes evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta- analyses over the past decade, examining the effects of omega-3 supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. High-dose purified EPA (4g/day icosapent ethyl) consistently reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in high-risk populations [1,2]. Conversely, low-dose or mixed EPA+DHA formulations show variable or neutral results [3,4]. Mechanistic, biomarker, and imaging studies support biological plausibility of benefit [5], while safety signals- particularly increased risk of atrial fibrillation- should be considered [2,6]. Formulation, dosing, and patient selection are critical for optimizing cardiovascular outcomes
HORMONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF POSTPARTUM BODY IMAGE AND THE DESIRE FOR AESTHETIC ENHANCEMENT
No full textBackground: The postpartum period brings intense biological, psychological, and social change . The female body rapidly recalibrates hormones, recovers physically, and reorganizes identity. All this happens under cultural scrutiny and unrealistic expectations. Understanding these interactions is essential for supporting maternal well-being and interpreting the growing demand for postpartum aesthetic enhancement .
Objective: To review the hormonal and psychological determinants of postpartum body image and explore their connection to the desire for aesthetic enhancement.
Methodology: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Keywords were postpartum, body image, hormones, estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol, thyroid, depression, anxiety, and cosmetic surgery. Studies, meta-analyses, and reviews on women within 24 months postpartum were included.
Results: Endocrine fluctuations, especially in estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones, shape mood, energy, and body perception. Psychological factors include depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-compassion, partner support, and sociocultural norms. These mediate the connection between biological recovery and body satisfaction .
Conclusions: Postpartum body image is shaped by dynamic hormonal, psychological, and cultural factors. Patient-centered care should be integrative. It should include hormonal monitoring, psychosocial support, and realistic counseling on aesthetic procedures. Such care promotes maternal well-being and autonomy
THE IMPORTANCE OF SLEEP AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION
No full textSleep is a fundamental biological process regulated by the circadian rhythm and is governed by complex neural mechanisms involving various brain regions and neurotransmitters. It consists of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) stages, each playing a distinct role in physiological and cognitive restoration. One leading theory, the Synaptic Homeostasis Hypothesis, suggests that sleep serves to rebalance synaptic strength accumulated during wakefulness, thereby preserving cognitive efficiency and promoting memory consolidation. Optimal sleep varies with age and is essential for maintaining physical, cognitive, and emotional health. However, modern lifestyles, characterized by increased screen time, irregular schedules, and a 24/7 work culture have contributed to widespread sleep deprivation, particularly among adolescents, shift workers, and high-demand professionals. Sleep deprivation, whether partial or total, is linked to a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and increased accident risk. Chronic sleep deprivation also significantly impacts executive function and has been associated with sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, which further exacerbate health risks. Objective measures like actigraphy and EEG provide valuable insights into sleep quality and fragmentation beyond self-reported duration
THE CYBERSPACE AND MILITARY MODERNIZATION: LEADERSHIP, TRAINING, AND HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGY
No full textThis article explores cyberspace as a new strategic domain made up of interconnected networks of information technology infrastructure and analyzes the changes taking place in the management, training, and human resource policies of the armed forces. The research utilizes theoretical analysis, international experiences, and comparative research methods, focusing on case studies from NATO, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Russia, China, and Estonia. It discusses the theoretical perspective of considering cyberspace as a fifth conflict domain, cyber force structure and management reform, red/blue team training, and ongoing capability development trends.
The findings highlight that addressing cyberspace issues requires not only technical solutions but also a comprehensive modernization of strategy, organization, and human factors. This underscores the critical importance of developing human resource policies, management structures, and training systems in the defense sector as part of an integrated strategy.
Dedicated cyber forces have improved response times to cyber incidents, while enhanced training programs have bolstered cyber discipline and threat awareness among military personnel.
Effective cyber defense necessitates the development of human resource policies, management structures, and training systems within the defense sector as part of a cohesive strategy. The research emphasizes the need for a holistic ecosystem encompassing practical training, continuous capability development, flexible human resource policies, multidisciplinary expertise, and robust public-private partnerships to combat evolving cyber threats. Sustaining a competitive edge in cybersecurity requires ongoing adaptation and investment in technological infrastructure and human capital development
WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT MIGRAINE TRIGGERS: EVIDENCE FROM RESEARCH
No full textAim of the study: The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge about factors that may trigger migraine attacks and to assess how reliably these triggers are described in the literature.
Materials and methods: The literature was reviewed using medical databases such as PubMed and UpToDate, as well as other relevant sources published over the last 30 years.
Results: The studies showed that people with migraine report many different triggers, but their importance varies widely between individuals. Stress, sleep problems, bright light, strong smells, hormonal changes, and certain eating or drinking habits are most often mentioned, but not all patients react to the same factors. Many papers also highlight that some “triggers” may simply reflect early warning symptoms of an upcoming migraine attack, which makes interpretation difficult. Overall, the evidence suggests that triggers affect a person’s general sensitivity rather than directly causing an attack.
Conclusions: Migraine triggers are highly individual, and they should be seen more as factors that raise someone’s vulnerability rather than direct causes. For many patients, keeping a headache diary and observing their own patterns can be more useful than trying to avoid long lists of possible triggers. More well-designed studies are needed to better understand how specific factors influence migraine and how this knowledge can improve prevention
MANAGING PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA THROUGH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
No full textPrimary dysmenorrhea significantly impacts the daily functioning and well-being of adolescent girls and women of reproductive age. Although pharmacological treatment remains the standard approach, growing research highlights the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods, particularly physical activity. This narrative review explores the role of exercise in alleviating menstrual pain, with an emphasis on its physiological mechanisms and the comparative effectiveness of various exercise types. We analyzed recent studies and meta-analyses focusing on aerobic activity, strength training, and relaxation-based techniques. The most promising outcomes were observed in structured exercise programs that included progressive muscle relaxation, abdominal massage, and resistance training, all of which consistently led to reduced pain intensity. Regular engagement in moderate aerobic exercise and yoga was also associated with significant symptom improvement after 8 to 12 weeks. In contrast, less structured or low-intensity activities such as Kegel exercises showed limited benefit unless sustained over a longer duration. Overall, physical activity appears to be a valuable complementary strategy in managing primary dysmenorrhea. When personalized and performed regularly, exercise interventions can offer meaningful symptom relief and potentially reduce reliance on medication. Further research is needed to refine exercise guidelines for this population
THE EVOLUTION OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN ALGERIA: FROM COLONIAL REJECTION TO CONTEMPORARY RECOGNITION
No full textAnthropology was introduced to Algeria through colonial military studies conducted by the French military class. These colonial anthropological studies provided an overview of Algerian society, facilitating the rapid invasion of the region. Consequently, after independence Anthropology was marginalized in Algerian academia and labeled a "colonial science".
However, due to changing political, social and cultural conditions Anthropology gradually gained recognition in Algeria.
This article examines the historical development of Anthropology in Algeria, focusing on the process of teaching Anthropology and its current status.
The research aims to trace the historical trajectory of Anthropology in Algeria and clarify its present status. The methodology of this article includes an introduction, presentation and conclusion. The introduction provides a comprehensive explanation of the topic and its problematic aspects.
The presentation is divided into four sections:
The Concepts.
The state of Anthropology in Algeria before and during the colonial period.
The process of teaching Anthropology in post-independence Algeria.
Anthropological studies and research in Algerian academies post-Covid-19.
The conclusion presents the findings, highlighting the transformation of anthropology in Algeria into a distinguished and significant field of study
GASTRIC BEZOAR AND SUBSEQUENT BLEEDING IN A 73-YEAR OLD WOMAN – CASE REPORT
No full textBezoar is a mass of swallowed foreign material most often composed of hair or fiber. Commonly, bezoars occur in young women with a history of psychiatric disorders, especially trichotillomania and trichophagia. Diagnostically, gastroscopy remains the gold standard. Prevalence is low, affecting up to 0.4% of the general population. Bezoars can lead to ulcer formation and hemorrhagic complications. Literature describes various treatment options, including endoscopic, laparoscopic and open surgical approaches. Psychiatric consultation and follow up are crucial for recurrence prevention.
A 73-year old woman with a history of gastric ulcers and depression was urgently admitted to general surgery ward due to fatigue, abdominal pain and a suspicion of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Outpatient gastroscopy revealed extensive ulceration of the posterior wall of the stomach, a large bezoar and pyloric stenosis. On admission, patient was severely anemic. Endoscopic haemostasis proved unfeasible due to the large bezoar. After initial stabilization, operative treatment was recommended. Laparotomy was performed revealing thickening on the posterior wall of the stomach, stenosis of the duodenum and a large diverticulum on the anterior wall of the descending part of the duodenum. Subtotal gastrectomy and diverticulum resection was performed. Restoration of gastrointestinal continuity was carried out using the Roux-en-Y method. Examination of the specimen confirmed the presence of a four centimeter bezoar and a three centimeter gastric ulcer. Post-surgery period was complicated by pneumonia and peripheral pulmonary embolism. Patient was discharged after treatment in good general and local condition after fifteen days since admission.
Despite being rare, bezoars occur and should be taken into consideration during differential diagnosis of gastric symptoms and dyspepsia, even in the elderly population, especially with a history of psychiatric disorders. Bezoars can prevent endoscopic treatment of gastric hemorrhage and force surgeons to perform extensive surgical resections
PARENTAL TREATMENT STYLES AS PERCEIVED BY ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PSYCHOLOGICAL SECURITY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TAMANRASSET
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental treatment styles—as perceived by adolescents—and psychological security among secondary school students in Tamanrasset. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with a randomly selected sample of 40 male and female students. The researchers utilized two validated instruments: the Parental Treatment Styles Scale (Yaghshi, 2015) and the Psychological Security Scale (Shaqir, 2005). Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings revealed: (1) a weak but statistically significant correlation between perceived parental treatment styles and psychological security; (2) a moderate level of psychological security among the participants; and (3) no statistically significant gender differences in adolescents’ perceptions of parental treatment styles. The results were discussed in light of prior literature and the socio-cultural context of the studied sample