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THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES ON THE LABOR MARKET IN ALGERIA PROSPECTS FOR 2050
No full textThe changes that population societies are witnessing due to the pressures caused by demographic growth and transformations in economic conditions, and the necessity to adapt to them, require a series of measures and actions aimed at solving the problems arising from this situation. These problems become impossible to address without the existence of data and statistics related to the population in general and the workforce in particular. Improving the quality of this data and providing it regularly is essential for policy planning and setting future strategies through demographic forecasts.
Population projections are not limited to the demographic aspect only; every institution is obliged to take into account the various demographic changes that could affect its activities. Undoubtedly, the current situation in Algeria amidst global transformations compels it to take measures and actions that allow it to plan its policies, especially with the increase in first-time job seekers. Our research paper aims to monitor the impact of demographic changes on the labor market in Algeria
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF CREATINE IN PSYCHIATRY: FROM NEUROBIOLOGY TO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
No full textMental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety are difficult to treat due to their complex neurobiological substrates. Traditional treatments, including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, are poor in alleviating symptoms in the majority of patients, where other forms of intervention have been sought. Creatine supplementation, which has been shown to previously improve sports performance, has been looked upon in this context as a form of treatment. Creatine plays a critical role in cellular energy metabolism, particularly in the brain, where it may be useful in the alleviation of energy deficits, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review consolidates available information on mechanisms of creatine action, clinical trials, and therapeutic implications in psychiatric disorders and discusses its well-established application in sports with its physiological and molecular effects. Specifically, we address creatine's influence on energy metabolism, neuroprotection, neurotransmitter modulation, and synaptic plasticity. The evidence shows creatine to be a potentially valuable adjunctive treatment, particularly in depression and affective disorders; however, more research is called for to elucidate its whole therapeutic value and develop optimal dosing regimens in heterogeneous patient populations
INNOVATIVE DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES AND TARGETED THERAPEUTICS IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PERSONALIZED PATIENT CARE
No full textBackground: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic myocardial disease characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte disarray, and fibrosis. It presents a broad spectrum of symptoms, from asymptomatic cases to heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden death. Advances in diagnostics and treatment have significantly improved clinical management.
Methods: This review examines hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, focusing on its pathophysiology, genetics, clinical features, and recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. It highlights new imaging and genetic testing methods, risk assessment strategies, emerging myosin inhibitors, and prospects for gene therapy, including current trial data and associated challenges.
Results: Echocardiography and cardiac MRI are essential for assessing left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. Genetic analysis identifies sarcomere gene mutations. Cardiac myosin inhibitors, combined with conventional therapy and septal reduction, reduce outflow tract gradients, alleviate symptoms, and improve quality of life. Surgical myectomy, alcohol septal ablation, and ICDs relieve symptoms and lower sudden death risk in high-risk patients. Digital tools enable individualized treatment monitoring.
Conclusion: Advances in genetics, imaging, and targeted therapies have improved HCM management, enabling personalized treatment and reducing the risk of sudden death. Future studies should evaluate long-term efficacy and integration with genetic testing and telemedicine
BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC MIGRAINE: CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES
No full textMigraine is one of the most common and burdensome neurological disorders, affecting approximately 15% of the global population. This paper provides a review of the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of chronic migraine, with particular emphasis on the role of botulinum toxin type A. It presents the key biological mechanisms underlying migraine, including activation of the trigeminovascular system, the significance of neuropeptides such as CGRP, and the involvement of cortical spreading depression (CSD) in migraine with aura. Modern pathophysiological concepts related to autonomic and metabolic system dysfunction are also discussed. Based on an analysis of clinical trials and meta-analyses, the efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA therapy according to the PREEMPT protocol are evaluated, as well as its place in current therapeutic guidelines. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research perspectives, including the potential for synergy with biological therapies (anti-CGRP), optimization of treatment regimens, and the use of biomarkers
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF AORTIC ARCH ANEURYSM MANAGEMENT: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO ADVANCED SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
No full textIntroduction and purpose: Aortic arch aneurysm is a rare life threatening condition; with in-hospital mortality of 50% following their rupture it is imperative that patients are informed by their medical providers of the risk factors, and available treatments. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of possible surgical interventions, pathophysiology, and presentation of aortic arch aneurysms.
Description of the state of knowledge: With prevalence at just 0.16 - 0.34% aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are less common than those located within the abdominal aorta. Of those located in the thorax only 10% locate within the aortic arch. Genetic disorders such as Loeys-Deitz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and bicuspid aortic valve, as well as non-genetic factors such as hypertension, inflammatory cell infiltration of the aortic wall, and SMC phenotype switching can all be linked with aortic arch aneurysm onset and progression. The clinical presentation of this aortic pathology is often scarce, however progressive enlargement of the aneurysmal sack may in time cause symptoms stemming from compression of neighboring structures. Surgical techniques used in aortic arch aneurysm management range from very invasive procedures requiring cardio-pulmonary bypass and deep hypothermia, to minimally invasive, fully endovascular approaches, with hybrid procedures situated between them.
Conclusions: Ongoing advancements in imaging techniques and relentless innovation in the field of vascular surgery continue to bring new, less invasive aortic arch aneurysm treatment options. As the surgical repertoire expands, more patients - previously deemed not suitable for intervention - are able to take advantage of the life saving aortic arch repair
PRECISION MEDICINE IN BREAST RECONSTRUCTION: CLINICAL ADVANCES, REHABILITATION AND PATIENT EDUCATION PERSPECTIVES
No full textIntroduction: Breast cancer represents the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women globally, affecting approximately 2.12 million new cases annually according to the Global Burden of Disease 2021 analysis. While radical mastectomy remains the primary surgical treatment, it often results in significant chest wall defects and axillary distortion with profound negative impacts on body image, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life (QoL). Breast reconstruction has evolved into an integral component of modern oncological treatment, extending beyond aesthetic considerations to encompass comprehensive patient-reported outcomes and functional recovery. Contemporary healthcare increasingly embraces precision medicine principles, wherein breast reconstruction serves as a paradigmatic field requiring personalized treatment algorithms that balance oncological safety, aesthetic outcomes, and patient-specific variables. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on precision medicine approaches in breast reconstruction, examining surgical innovations, postoperative rehabilitation strategies, and patient-centered outcome assessment.
Materials and Methods: This review constitutes a thorough analysis of peer-reviewed literature obtained from the PubMed scientific database, synthesizing materials spanning from the Introduction through References of the manuscript. The analysis encompasses recent advances in surgical techniques, rehabilitation protocols, bioengineered technologies, and patient-reported outcome measures employed in breast reconstruction following mastectomy.
Key Findings: Contemporary breast reconstruction integrates three interdependent pillars: advanced surgical techniques, targeted postoperative rehabilitation, and precise patient-centered outcome assessment via validated tools such as BREAST-Q. Modern surgical strategies include nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate reconstruction, prepectoral breast reconstruction utilizing acellular dermal matrices (ADM), and autologous free flap techniques (particularly DIEP flaps). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols significantly reduce hospitalization duration to post-operative day 3 with equivalent complication rates compared to traditional protocols. Early mobilization and structured physical therapy demonstrably improve shoulder range of motion and functional outcomes. Patient-reported outcomes consistently demonstrate that autologous reconstruction produces superior satisfaction and health-related quality of life compared to implant-based approaches. Emerging tissue engineering technologies, including three-dimensional bioprinting, adipose-derived stem cells, and bioengineered scaffolds, represent promising future directions for functional breast reconstruction with reduced morbidity.
Conclusions: Precision medicine in breast reconstruction requires integrated decision-making incorporating molecular data, clinical variables, and subjective patient experiences throughout all treatment phases. Optimal outcomes depend upon personalized surgical strategy selection, early and targeted rehabilitation, and standardized measurement of patient-reported outcomes. This multifaceted, precision-based approach ensures maximal functional and psychological benefits while minimizing procedural morbidity, ultimately delivering comprehensive quality of life improvements for breast cancer survivors
USE OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN TEACHING LYRIC WORKS IN CLASS VII-VIII OF AZERBAIJAN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS
Get PDFThe general picture of education reform in Azerbaijan gives rise to an optimistic mood. The main goal here is to provide the growing young generation with the necessary scientific knowledge, to instill life skills and habits in them, and to educate them on national values. For the realization of such a strategic goal, every teacher should be guided by the main principles of educational reform (democratization, humanization, differentiation, individualization, integration) in their work, and should be able to use it skillfully and efficiently in their pedagogical work. It is possible to achieve high success by applying modern training methods to teaching on the spot (and if necessary). At present, interactive teaching methods (interactive and “active” words are synonyms) are increasingly being used in schools. By applying these to their practical work, literature teachers have a great responsibility. Therefore, every teacher should deeply master the structure, stages, work forms, and methods of the active lesson, and then skillfully apply it to their pedagogical work. Currently, the modern teaching method “Curriculum” is reflected as a pedagogical terminology in schools. This term is of Latin origin and means “way”, “direction”. That is, the curriculum is a conceptual document that includes some issues related to the content, organization and assessment of student knowledge. In order to apply it to his pedagogical work, the teacher must first study and master this teaching method deeply and comprehensively. Otherwise, he cannot achieve his desired goal. Because there are fundamental differences between the traditional education program and the Curriculum education program
ANALYSIS OF DVB-T2 USAGE IN MONGOLIAN DIGITAL TELEVISION BROADCASTING
Get PDFIn today's rapidly advancing world of information technology, the ability of television networks to transmit important information quickly and reliably is increasingly critical. Enhancements in broadcasting systems, such as the adoption of digital technology, have led to improved data storage and better quality of service (QoS). Modern transmission technologies, including the DVB-T2 digital television broadcasting system, have become widely implemented. This research examines the Mongolian DVB-T2 digital television system, analyzes common issues with DVB-T2 receivers (set-top boxes), and provides recommendations for their effective usage
THE CENTRALITY OF THE LIVING FRAMEWORK AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE: THE CASE OF THE OLD CITY OF CONSTANTINE
Get PDFLiving in cities imposes a rapid lifestyle subject to the laws and requirements of living in them, as the latter provide the needs of their inhabitants in varying proportions, and city centres are considered the most important living areas. Through this article, we will try to know the relationship between the quality of urban life and the centralized living areas through a field investigation where 50 questionnaires were distributed to the inhabitants of Souika with the help of two elementary schools. After transcribing and analysing the results, it was found that despite the weight of the historical past in every detail of its corners and the services it provides through it or through its surroundings, and despite the deteriorating state of its built framework, which has negatively affected the inhabitants in many aspects of their daily lives, it is still for them the preferred living framework that fulfils their needs and makes them comfortable and satisfied them and shows their attachment to it and their sense of belonging. This is what makes the overall centrality of the old city, including the historical one, not opposed to achieving the quality of urban life in this particular living framework
ASPECTS OF THE PROFESSION "LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT" IN BULGARIA
Get PDFThe dynamic changes in every aspect of the world around us lead to rapid changes in the professional sphere and people's lives. Today we are witnessing disappearing professions and those that in a short time become essential for human life and health. Certainly, the profession of "Landscape Architect" can be defined as the profession of the future and, in the context of global climate change, is becoming increasingly important for the survival of humanity, but this also brings with it a number of challenges to the volume and content of the services provided