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ANALYSIS OF HOW LEARNING ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERS IMPACT CHILD SAFETY
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the current state of the learning environment for children in Mongolia and evaluate the impact of policy and legal frameworks. The study involved 1,025 school-age children from 12 aimags, 9 districts, and 5 districts in 21 provinces, and utilized primary and qualitative data analysis. The findings revealed that the overall environment surrounding children (including school, family, society, individual, and community) significantly influences the safety of the learning environment. However, the study identified weak social and community support at the local level, inadequate internal security within families, and insufficient safety measures in school environments. It also highlighted the inadequate implementation of policies aimed at ensuring child safety. The study emphasized the need for effective coordination of laws, budgets, and initiatives to enhance the internal environment of schools. This research provides essential baseline data for policymakers and researchers to enhance child safety, promote school and community involvement, and improve the learning environment
THE IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL THINKING SKILLS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Get PDFThrough this research, we seek to raise one of the current issues, which deals with the importance of employing philosophical thinking skills in scientific research. We focus here on the skill of communication, especially since the communicative act in its various forms and perceptions contributes in one way or another to the activation of various research efforts in reality, and is a bridge between the theoretical visions and the applied results of many researches issued by university institutions, especially in the field of humanities and social sciences. With this in mind, we pose the following question: How can philosophical thinking skills contribute to achieving solid research results in various scientific disciplines
FANTASY AS A TYPE OF LYING AND ITS POSITIVE EFFECT ON ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESS
Get PDFThe article is devoted to one of the positive types of lying – Fantasy and its usage at English lessons. Using Fantasy at English lessons is essential, especially at creative writing and storytelling lessons. Fantasy helps secondary school pupils to activate creative parts of the brain, develop imagination, create an optimistic worldview, escape from daily struggles and forget the reality. The article aims at sharing the teaching methods that are used by English teachers at creative writing and storytelling lessons.The observation of classes revealed that pupils are in favor of creating unreal stories, their imagination is well-developed and they can create fantasy plots, fantasy characters and scenarios easily and present their stories in front of the class as it is real
THE MEDIUM-SIZED CITY AND THE CHALLENGE OF REGIONAL AND SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT COMPETITIVENESS THE CASE OF CITIES IN TÉBESSA PROVINCE
Get PDFOver the past three decades, Algeria's urban network has undergone significant transformations driven by the economic and social changes that followed independence. These shifts have exacerbated disparities between major urban centers and smaller towns, which have faced marginalization and limited development. This study focuses on the developmental dynamics in medium-sized cities in Tébessa province, specifically the cities of Bir El-Ater (88,083 residents), El Ouenza (58,904 residents), and Cheria (82,369 residents), accounting for a combined population of 229,356 (34.02% of the urban system and 28.40% of the province's total population according to PAW 20). The study highlights these cities' potential for developing the industrial and agricultural sectors. Findings indicate that enhancing economic and social development in these cities could improve living conditions, curb migration to larger urban centers, and achieve balanced development. Achieving these goals requires strategic investment in local resources and infrastructure, focusing on water resources, agriculture, and manufacturing industries
RECOGNIZING DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY OF CHILDREN UNDER 42 MONTHS IN AZERBAIJAN
Get PDFAccording to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 15% of children under the age of 17 experience one or more developmental disorders. In the context of Azerbaijan, the limited knowledge among parents regarding the stages of child development and the signs of developmental delays suggests that these numbers may be even higher. Parents typically observe developmental delays at later ages and often turn to local polyclinics or physicians, which prolongs the process. Delayed detection and the need for specialist referrals are among the main reasons for prolonging process. The purpose of this study, which we carried out in order to obtain more objective information about this issue, is to investigate the risk of developmental delay in children who are considered to show typical development between 1-42 months, and whose developmental delay is not noticed by parents and others, and in which areas of development this delay is more common. The research used the adapted version of the Guide to Monitoring Child Development (GMCD) tool to track and assess a child's growth, milestones, and developmental progress to ensure they are meeting age-appropriate standards and to identify any potential issues early on. Early intervention specialists from 11 regions of Azerbaijan determined developmental difficulties of 138 children aged birth to 42 months. The fact that this tool is currently a recognized and accepted test by the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan and at the same time many specialists from different regions have been trained to perform this test, as well as the fact that the test itself is simple to use has played an important role in the selection of this screening tool
A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN ALGERIA
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze political participation in Algeria and the impact of the political system, civil society, and press freedom on this participation. The findings indicate that the political system has remained authoritarian despite reforms, limiting the effectiveness of political pluralism and maintaining elections as a tool for reproducing power rather than achieving democratic transformation. Civil society suffers from government intervention and limited resources, while press freedom remains restricted despite periods of openness. Due to the absence of effective participation channels, political violence has escalated, as seen in the events of October 1988 and the Black Decade. Meanwhile, the Amazigh issue has evolved from an elite-driven movement into a significant political cause, ultimately leading to its official recognition
THE LINK BETWEEN THE ART AND THE CULTURE OF ALGERIAN SOCIETY
Get PDFThe arts in Algeria have existed since the existence of humankind, occupying and influencing people as both a material and moral medium that surrounds them and within which they live. Practicing art became a unique style that distinguishes individuals from other environments where arts originated and flourished. It is used to re-educate societal emotions and instill behaviors of beauty. The forms of artistic representation and expression have diversified according to the culture and environment of Algerian society. From the design of stone hunting tools to mural paintings, to dancing as an expression of emotions, and performances that descended from religious rituals and mass ceremonies to ward off evil spirits, art has been an integral part of human experience. At other times, people celebrate by singing and chanting during war and peace, just like people worldwide, reflecting their inner emotions, whether negative or positive.Furthermore, the Algerian individual has mastered drawing strength from unity and adhering to the principles of social cohesion derived from the actual conditions and fundamental elements of Algerian society’s culture across various historical periods. The cultural pattern, imbued with adherence to values, customs, and traditions, has played a significant role in shaping the Algerian audience's taste for artistic works. These works, in turn, are governed by principles that enable artists to achieve aesthetic, utilitarian, and industrial goals, or simply provide pleasure and entertainment. Sometimes, they even cater to psychological desires, including erotic stimulation, considering that the artist seeks to employ their imagination and freedom, which govern their behavior and orientation.Art narrates the history of humankind and provides us with cultural knowledge, as it intersects with various aspects of life and the prevailing sciences of each era. It offers different perspectives from multiple angles, remaining both enduring and renewable due to its intrinsic nature. Art is a refined creative activity, constantly evolving and deeply rooted, as it stems from the human spirit. Thus, artistic beauty is the highest form of beauty, whose significance is undeniable due to its rank. It reflects the level of human progress in a specific society within spatial and temporal boundaries and, beyond that, serves as an expressive language linked to the spirit of the nation
LEGAL REVIEW ON CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF DOCTORS IN MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE
No full textMedical negligence is one of the most complex issues in Indonesia's criminal law system and healthcare services. This problem arises when medical actions do not meet professional standards, resulting in harm, serious injury, or patient death. This research aims to analyze criminal law regulations regarding doctors' liability in cases of medical negligence, identify juridical and normative constraints in proving it, and offer directions for legal reform to achieve a balance between legal protection for patients and legal certainty for medical personnel. This research uses a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The research results show that the criminal liability of doctors has been regulated in the old Criminal Code (Articles 359 and 360), the new Criminal Code (Article 474 of Law Number 1 of 2023), and Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health. However, there is no lex specialis that clearly distinguishes between professional negligence and medical malpractice, resulting in overlaps between ethical, disciplinary, and criminal violations. The main obstacles in proving the element of fault (culpa) lie in the difficulty of determining the causal relationship between medical actions and their consequences, weak medical record documentation, and lack of synchronization between professional ethical mechanisms and criminal law processes. Therefore, legal reform is needed to clarify the boundaries of criminal liability for medical personnel through the implementation of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), restorative justice, and professional liability insurance systems. Comprehensive legal reform is expected to create a fair, balanced health law system that provides legal certainty for all parties
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND ITS ROLE IN THE COURSE OF PSORIASIS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
No full textPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose course is significantly modulated by psychosocial factors, especially stress. Increasing evidence suggests that stress can both initiate the first symptoms and exacerbate disease activity and promote recurrence. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon include activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, dysregulation of the neuroimmunological response, and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which maintain chronic skin inflammation. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between stress and psoriasis and to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions and stress reduction techniques as adjuncts to standard dermatological treatment.
A review of the literature shows that interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness programs (MBSR/MBCT), relaxation training, and biofeedback consistently improve mental well-being (including reducing anxiety and depression) and quality of life. Some studies have also reported a beneficial effect on the severity of skin changes. Furthermore, attention has been drawn to the importance of coping styles and social support, which can modify the response to stress and the course of the disease.
The limitations of the available studies include small sample sizes, heterogeneity of protocols, and short follow-up periods, which make it difficult to compare results and assess the durability of effects. In the future, well-designed randomized trials with longer follow-up periods are needed, as well as research on neurological and immunological biomarkers that will facilitate objective assessment of efficacy. The integration of psychological components into the biopsychosocial model seems to be a reasonable direction for optimizing the care of patients with psoriasis
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE
No full textIntroduction and Purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and systemic manifestations. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, have been suggested to modulate inflammatory processes and immune responses. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the pathophysiology and clinical management of RA.
Material and Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify original studies, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and reviews examining the effects of omega-3 supplementation on RA. Key outcomes included disease activity, inflammatory markers, pain, morning stiffness, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Results and Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acids demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties through modulation of cytokine production, competition with omega-6 fatty acids in eicosanoid pathways, and generation of pro-resolving lipid mediators. Clinical studies indicate that supplementation may reduce morning stiffness, pain, and NSAID requirements in RA patients, although heterogeneity in doses, sources, and study duration limits generalizability. Omega-3 fatty acids represent a promising adjunctive therapy for RA, but further standardized clinical trials are warranted