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Chitosan Molecular Weight Effects on The Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Catalytic Degradation of Environmental Pollutants
Get PDFa microwave as a heating source. Since, Chitosan acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-synthesized Au NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and selected area electron diffraction patterns (SAED). Furthermore, the Au NPs fabrication was ascertained by UVVisible spectroscopy (UVis) through the detection of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) characteristic peak, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The formation of the Au NPs was confirmed by the detection of a LSPR peak at 518527 nm in the UVVis spectrum. In addition, the XRD studies depicted that the obtained Au NPs were highly crystalline with face-centered cubic geometry. Moreover, TEM micrographs showed that the most Monodispersed AuNPs was synthesized with low molecular weight (LMW) Chitosan with particle size 4.48±0.09 nm. The synthesized Chitosan-Au nanocomposite exhibited an efficient catalytic property in the reduction of two organic environmental pollutants which are, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and methyl orange (MO) dye in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4)
Assessment of Radioactivity in Various Types of Soil From Al-Obour City, Egypt.
Get PDFThe distributions of natural radioactivity in various types of samples collected from several areas in Al-Obour city were determined using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Four types of samples were investigated: soil, foundations, sand dunes and rock samples. The specific activities of 238U, 226Ra series, 232Th and 40K in soil; foundations; sand dunes and rock samples have a mean of (13.31±3.59); (12.96±3.63); (13.36±4.32) and (26.74±5.50), (6.49±0.23); (3.71±0.16); (3.87±0.17) and (19.38±0.64), (6.52±0.55); (4.03±0.46); (3.90±0.45) and (25.91±1.89) and (96.21±1.60); (78.12±1.46); (76.27±1.43) and (215.71±3.35)Bq/kg, respectively.It was also noticed that 137Cs is existed in some samples but is close to the background level. The hazard indices were also determined in all types of samples of the under study area. These values are important to establish baseline levels of this environmental radioactivity to detect any upcoming change for the local population
Field of Energy
Get PDFThe study of physics requires the definition of general characteristics such as the so-called fundamental properties of space and time, which are homogeneity and isotropy. From the application of the homogeneity of time in the integral equations of the movement arises the theorem of the conservation of energy. That the parameter of variation be time leads to defining energy as scalar. Relativistic mechanics has shown that time is one of the dimensions of a tetra-dimensional space and, therefore, an event is projected in the spatial and temporal dimensions, this projection varies according to the reference system that is used. This indicates that equating time to a dimension of space, should be analyzed not only under the condition of homogeneity but also of the isotropy. This leads to analyzing energy as a vector. In classical mechanics, a body moving in a gravitational field its energy can be decomposed in two directions, one that remains constant, normal to the field, and the other that varies with gravity. This shows vector properties of energy. This study proposes a more general response through the energy field.
 
Introduction to The Spiral Dynamics and The Spiral Coriolis Force
Get PDFThe spiral dynamics of a point-like body of mass m in spiral differential geometry are introduced. New ideal motions have been studied, the uniform spiral motion and the uniform spiral-polar motion. The analysis is proposed by comparing the ideal spiral motions with the ideal circular motions. The theoretical forces acting on a point-like body of mass m moving in spiral frames were analyzed. The spiral and polar components of the Coriolis forces were compared
The Von Neumann and Double Slit Paradoxes Lead to a New Schrodinger Wave Mathematics
Get PDFJohn von Neumann states a paradox. Why does measuring something disrupt the smooth Schrödinger wave, causing it to collapse for no mathematical reason? This paradox is embedded in the double slit experiment. When a dot appears on the target screen, how does that cause the Schrödinger wave to collapse everywhere else, faster than the speed of light? Von Neumann didn’t follow his mathematics to its logical conclusion. If wave function collapse irreversably changes reality, then the math is telling us that the timing and location of that event cannot be at the target screen. An event fitting that description happens only once: at the gun. A gunshot CAN change history. We propose a new mathematics of Schrödinger waves. Zero energy waves from the target screen pass backwards through the double slits and impinge on the gun prior to the gun firing. A particle randomly chooses one to follow backwards. The particle’s choice of wave is proportional to the amplitude squared of that wave at the gun, determined by the superposition of the two waves moving backwards through the two slits. Why follow a wave of zero energy? Because Schrödinger waves convey amplitudes determining the probability density of that path
The Influence of Excipients on the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of a Bactericidal, Labile Ester Prodrug in a Salt Form – A Case Study of Cefetamet Pivoxil Hydrochloride
Get PDFThe article presents an innovative approach to a bactericidal drug design based on a cephem prodrug analogue – cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride. The emergence of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride excipient systems (mannitol, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, pregelatinised starch, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone) caused changes in the physicochemical properties of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride. They are significant for planning the development of an innovative pharmaceutical formulation. The biological activity profile of the prodrug was also modified. FTIR spectra were used to study interactions between cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride and the excipients. The theoretical approach to the analysis of experimental spectra enabled precise indication of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride domains responsible for interaction with the excipients. The interactions between cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride and the excipients resulted in some important physicochemical modifications: acceptor fluid-dependent changes in solubility and the dissolving rate as well as a decrease in the chemical stability of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride in the solid state, especially during thermolysis. The interactions between cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride and the excipients also had biologically essential effects. There were changes in its permeability through artificial biological membranes simulating the gastrointestinal tract, which depended on the pH value of the acceptor solution. Cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride combined with the excipient systems exhibited greater bactericidal potential against Staphylococcus aureus. Its bactericidal potential against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis doubled. The new approach provides an opportunity to develop treatment of resistant bacterial infections. It will enable synergy between the excipient and the pharmacological potential of an active pharmaceutical substance with modified physicochemical properties induced by the drug carrier
Moments of order statistics from nonidentically Distributed Lomax, exponential Lomax and exponential Pareto Variables
Get PDFIn this paper, the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of the rth order statistic arising from independent nonidentically distributed (INID) Lomax, exponential Lomax and exponential Pareto variables are presented. The moments of order statistics from INID Lomax, exponential lomax and exponential Pareto were derived using the technique established by Barakat and Abdelkader. Also, numerical examples are given
The Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of Second order Difference Equations With Damping Term
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The author presents some sufficient conditions for second order difference equation
with damping term of the form
^(an ^(xn + cxn-k)) + pn^xn + qnf(xn+1-l) = 0
An example is given to illustrate the main results.
2010 AMS Subject Classification: 39A11
Keywords and Phrases: Second order, difference equation, damping term
A New Technique for Simulation the Zakharov–Kuznetsov Equation
Get PDFIn this article, a new technique is proposed to simulated two-dimensional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation with the initial condition. The idea of this technique is based on Taylors' series in its derivation. Two test problems are presented to illustrate the performance of the new scheme. Analytical approximate solutions that we obtain are compared with variational iteration method (VIM) and homotopy analysis method (HAM). The results show that the new scheme is efficient and better than the other methods in accuracy and convergence
On Almost Alpha Kenmotsu (k,u)-Spaces
Get PDFIn this paper, the geometry of almost alpha Kenmotsu (k,u)-spaces are studied. Finally, we give an illustrative example on almost alpha Kenmotsu (k,u)-space of dimension