Sciscitatio (E-Journal)
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Antibacterial Activity of Lime Peel and Lemongrass Extract as Active Ingredients for Spray Hand Sanitizer
Get PDFHand sanitizers are widely used as an alternative way to maintain hand hygiene from the presence ofpathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. In general, excessive use of alcohol as the main ingredientin hand sanitizers might cause skin irritation. Utilizing antibacterial activity of plants as a component in handsanitizer could be used as a substitution for alcohol. The aim of this study was to determine the potentialantibacterial activity of lime peel and lemongrass extracts as active ingredients for hand sanitizer. Methodused in this research included extraction using maceration, qualitative phytochemical test, antibacterialassay, and formulation of spray hand sanitizer and quality test of spray hand sanitizer. In this study alkaloid,flavonoid, saponin, tannin and terpenoid were found as phytochemical content of lime peel, while lemongrassextract contain fla vonoid, tanin, saponin and steroid. Compared to lemongrass extract, lime peel extract withconcentration 40%showed the optimum inhibition zone of S. aureus and chosen as active ingredient in sprayhand sanitizer formulation. Formulated spray hand sanitizer with lime peel extract was able to inhibit thegrowth of S. aureus bacteria on hand palm
Detection and Identification of Microbial Contaminant in Bakery Products in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Get PDFoai:https://ojs3.exodus.ukdw.ac.id:article/13Bread has been chosen as an alternative food because of its availability. In Indonesia, consumptionof breads is increased due to the change of diet pattern into packed and ready-made meals. Therefore, it isimportant to raise the awareness of bakery products quality. The purpose of this study was to detect andidentify the microbial contaminant in bakery products in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Bacterial coloniesfrom expired bakery products were isolated into pure isolate then confirmed by API Staph and PolymeraseChain Reaction (PCR) method. The results showed there were five kinds of gram-positive bacteria. Isolatedbacteria identified by API were Bacillus cereus (52.8%), Bacillus subtilis (97.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (97.7%),Staphylococcus epidermidis (97,9%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (72,2% and 61,8%)
Uji Antifungi Susu Fermentasi Komersial pada Candida non-albicans
Get PDFBakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) yang terkandung dalam susu fermentasi akan menghasilkan asam-asam organik, hidrogen peroksida, diasetil, asetaldehid, asetoin, reutinin, reuterisiklin dan bakteriosin, dapat sebagai anti-Candida. Spesies Candida non-albicans seperti C. tropicalis dan C. glabrata sebagai penyebab kandidiasis oral cenderung meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui aktivitas antifungi susu fermentasi komersial pada Candida non-albicans dan viabilitas bakteri asam laktat di dalam susu fermentasi komersial. Aktivitas antifungi pada Candida non-albicans dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran. Viabilitas bakteri asam laktat dihitung berdasarkan jumlah bakteri asam laktat sebagai jumlah bakteri total (Total Plate Count). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susu fermentasi komersial lebih mampu menghambat C. tropicalis dibandingkan C. glabrata. Viabilitas bakteri asam laktat dalam susu fermentasi komersial 107-1010 CFU/mL
Potency of Super Red Dragon Fruit Flesh Extract (Hylocereus costaricencis) in Herbal Lipstick as Colorant, Antioxidant and Antibacterial
Get PDFLipstick is one kind of cosmetics which is used as lips colorant to increase self-confidence. Nowadays, lipsticks from natural source is popular to reduce the negative impact of chemical compound or synthetics colorant in lipstick intensively for health. Super red dragon fruit is one kind of natural ingredients which can be used as colorant for lipstick. Moreover, this fruit is rich of antioxidant and antibacterial component that is good for skin health. In this research, extract of super red dragon fruit flesh was added in the lipstick during preparation with variation of concentration 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Antioxidant analysis resulted the IC50 value in 81.55% indicating the strong antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the concentration of dragon fruit extract 40% was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
Community Perception Surrounding Riung National Park to the Conservation of Komodo Dragon
Get PDFPeople on Benteng Tengah, Nangamese and Latung have been living in Flores Island and smaller island nearby Flores, like Ontoloe, long before the establishment of national park. In 1992 and 1996, the government established Nature Conservation of Wolo Tado, Nature Conservation of Riung and Marine Nature Conservation of 17 Pulau. This decision led to government’s policy to prohibit the opening of land by burning. Local people used to open a land for agricultural purpose by setting a fire in order to regenerate the savanna to promoting the growth of young grass leaves. People use young grass to feed their cattle. This prohibition causes the people had to herd their cattle far from they live. As the consequence, threat from Komodo (Varanus komodoensis) to attack cattle is increased and people consider Komodo as pest that has to be terminated. This research aimed to study people’s knowledge about Komodo status as endangered species and its implication. Data were collected from people who lives in Benteng Tengah, Nangamese, and Latung, Regency of Ngada, East Nusa Tenggara. Data were obtained from respondents using interviews and questionnaires. Perception of local people who lives in Benteng Tengah (93%), Nangamese (93%) and Latung (100%) showed that people are aware about Komodo’s habitat vegetation. Good perception on Komodo and habitat vegetation will maintain komodo sustainability
Potency of Citrus reticulata Peel Extract as Active Compound of NonAlcohol Based Gel Hand Sanitizer
Get PDFHand sanitizer is nowadays known as a part of one’s personal hygiene kit because of its practical use andeffectivity against skin microbes, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The common commercial hand sanitizers are madefrom alcohol which may have negative side effect like skin irritation. Utilization of active compounds from a plantthat has antibacterial compounds might be applied to the substitution of alcohol in the formulation of hand sanitizer.In this study, phytochemical compounds from Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantifolia peel extracts were testedqualitatively and their antibacterial acitivity on Staphylococcus aureus were tested using disk diffusion method. Theresults showed that Citrus reticulata peel extract at the concentration of 70% was the most effective concentration ininhibiting Staphylococcus aureus. This certain concentration of Citrus reticulata peel extract was then chosen in the gelhand sanitizer formulation. Application of gel hand sanitizer with Citrus reticulata peel extract as its active compoundon the hands of respondents were also observed to inhibit bacterial growth. The use of peel extracts from Citrusspp, especially from Citrus reticulata might be potential in the formulation of non-alcohol based gel hand sanitizer
Isolation and Identification of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus Aureus in Commercial Cow Milk Products
Get PDFFood poisoning caused by the contamination from Staphylococcus aureus are frequently found in foodespecially in dairy products. Pasteurization process in milk production was not enough to kill S. aureus becauseit formed biofilm that could survive in high temperature. This research aimed to study the presence of biofilmforming S. aureus in samples from packed commercial milk products in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Twentyisolates from dairy products were grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth then inoculated into Braid-ParkerAgar (BPA) medium to get the candidate of S. aureus isolates. These isolate candidates were selected usingMannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) medium. Another selection was done by carbohydratefermentation analysis and confirmed using API STAPH. Confirmation analysis showed that eight isolateswere identified as S. aureus. Another two isolates were identified as S. xylosus and S. haemolyticus. Therefore,it indicated the presence of Staphylococcus aureus as contaminant in dairy products
Bionomic of Anopheles sp. in Merauke District, Papua
Get PDFMalaria is known as an endemic disease that often causes death in Indonesia, especially in Papua. The malaria cases control in Papua has not been carried on based on data studies, therefore bionomic of Anopheles sp is important to be studied. Bionomics data are consisted of breeding places, resting places and feeding habits are from direct observation. Interviews and questionnaires were conducted to gain information about respondent behavior. Descriptive and qualitative data were then analyzed. The breeding places of Anopheles sp. were mostly found in swampy areas. Based on the feeding habit, the feeding activity of Anopheles sp. inside the house has only one biting peak at 23.00-02.00 WIT, while outside the house, biting peaks occurred at 21.00-22.00 WIT and 00.00-01.00 WIT. Resting place data shown that Anopheles sp. mostly found in piles of clothes and shoe racks. Recorded factors that affect mosquitos bionomics are temperature, humidity, salinity, pH, community behavior, and the presence of livestock. Environmental factors (temperature, humidity, salinity, and pH), habitual behavior of host (3M action, the habit of using insect repellent, mosquito repellent, and mosquito nets), the presence of livestock, and the type of bait blood type affect mosquito activit
Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan Ikan Bawal (Colossoma macropomum) di Sungai Winongo, Yogyakarta
Get PDFSungai Winongo memiliki peran cukup penting di masyarakat kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui konsentrasi Pb ada air, sedimen (batu, kerikil, pasir dan lempung) dan tiga organ ikan Nila(Oreochromis niloticus) serta ikan Bawal (Colossoma macropomum) yaitu organ viscera, tulang dan daging. Sampeldiperoleh dari tiga titik yaitu bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir. Total 120 sampel diekstraksi menggunakan metodeaqua regia digestible dengan perbandingan larutan HCl : HNO3(3:1, v/v) dan ekstrak dianalisis menggunakanAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Ditemukan rata-rata konsentrasi Pb pada air (0,054 mg/L), sedimen(38,29 mg/kg), ikan Nila ( viscera 11,35 mg/kg; tulang 10,28 mg/kg; daging 6,46 mg/kg ), dan ikan Bawal (viscera 5,31 mg/kg; 9,85 mg/kg; daging 5,23 mg/kg ). Konsentrasi Pb pada air telah melebihi batas baku mutuPPRI No. 82 Th 2001 (0,03mg/L). Konsentrasi pada ketiga bagian ikan Nila dan Bawal yang diteliti (viscera,tulang, daging) telah melebihi batas baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh SNI 7387:2009 (0,3 mg/kg)
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Kesambi Oil using Indigenous Lipase
Get PDFKesambi (Schleichera oleosa L.) is one of ligneous tree that is abundantly found in Timor island, East Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. Kesambi is known as an important component in local smoked meat home industry. Kesambi is also a promising natural source for the production of biodiesel. Application of three lipolytic fungi that is isolated from kesambi seeds and the use kesambi seeds flour as medium for indigenous lipase synthesis (Aspergillus niger M1407 lipase) by Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) showed good result for lipase and biodiesel industry development. This study aimed to characterize biodiesel synthesis using indigenous lipase from kesambi seeds. Experiments were carried out through five stages namely: oil extraction from kesambi seeds, purification of kesambi oil (degumming), extraction of A. niger M1407 lipase, trans-esterification and esterification activity of A. niger M1407 lipase assay and characterization of biodiesel. Biodiesel synthesis using A. niger M1407 lipase through esterification reaction produced biodiesel with an average acid number of 0.33 and 0.40 mg/g, water content 9.52 % and 10.47 % and density 0.7 g/mL. Biodiesel obtained from kesambi oil has lower acid numbers and densities but higher water content compared to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) value. Optimalization of the biodiesel kesambi oil synthesis could be done through adjusting ethanol and kesambi oil ratio and also by reducing water as a by-product of esterification reactio