HAL-CIRAD
Not a member yet
54841 research outputs found
Sort by
Characterizing agroecology in North Africa, a review of 88 sustainable agriculture projects
No full textInternational audienceAgroecology refers to the greening of agrosystems with the mobilization of ecosystem services in order to limit exogenous inputs, enhance biodiversity and moderate the exploitation of natural resources. Agroecological practices offer pathways for transformation and transition not only of agricultural systems but of entire food systems. Through its objectives, agroecology aims at both sustainable land management and the strengthening of the livelihoods of producers and rural people and thus contributes to the fight against desertification. Currently, there is little scientific literature on the characteristics of agroecology in the Maghreb region. Several studies provide important information but they do not allow drawing up a global panorama of agroecology in the region. The proposed article highlights general characteristics of agroecology in North Africa from a review of 88 sustainable agriculture projects, which it analyzes, through an inventory of agroecological practices supported by these projects, from the frameworks of the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition, 2019, on the principles of agroecology and the transition levels approach developed by Gliessman and fellows since 2007. The results show (i) differences in the observed practices depending on the agrosystems and (ii) predominant common practices across these diverse agrosystems; (iii) significant evolution in these practices over time. The majority of the agroecological innovations identified are at the plot and farm scales, with the exception of those found in oasis and mountain agrosystems, where practices integrate the scales of the territory and value chains in a more complete way
Recherches sur le pastoralisme en France : états des lieux et questions vives (2026 ANNEE INTERNATIONALE DES TERRES A PARCOURS ET DES PASTEURS)
No full textPlaquette de 2 pages R/V conçue et éditée par INRAE pour le Sommet de l'Élevage, 1-4 octobre 2024, Cournon d'Auvergne, France.Un groupe de travail d’une trentaine de personnes des UMR INRAE de différentesdisciplines (zootechniciens, généticiens, économistes, agronomes, écologues, sociologues, géographes) structure une réflexion sur la contribution de la recherche à la préservation, l’adaptation et au développement du pastoralisme
An INDEL genomic approach to explore population diversity of phytoplankton : Bathycoccus , a case study
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundAlthough metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches have generated large datasets on worldwide phytoplankton species diversity, the intraspecific genetic diversity underlying the genetic adaptation of marine phytoplankton to specific environmental niches remains largely unexplored. This is mainly due to the lack of biological resources and tools for monitoring the dynamics of this diversity in space and time.ResultsTo gain insight into population diversity, a novel method based on INDEL markers was developed on Bathycoccus prasinos (Mamiellophyceae), an abundant and cosmopolitan species with strong seasonal patterns. Long read sequencing was first used to characterize structural variants among the genomes of six B. prasinos strains sampled from geographically distinct regions in the world ocean. Markers derived from identified insertions/deletions were validated by PCR then used to genotype 55 B. prasinos strains isolated during the winter bloom 2018–2019 in the bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer (Mediterranean Sea, France). This led to their classification into eight multi-loci genotypes and the sequencing of strains representative of local diversity, further improving the available genetic diversity of B. prasinos. Finally, selected markers were directly tracked on environmental DNA sampled during 3 successive blooms from 2018 to 2021, showcasing a fast and cost-effective approach to follow local population dynamics.ConclusionsThis method, which involves (i) pre-identifying the genetic diversity of B. prasinos in environmental samples by PCR, (ii) isolating cells from selected environmental samples and (iii) identifying genotypes representative of B. prasinos diversity for sequencing, can be used to comprehensively describe the diversity and population dynamics not only in B. prasinos but also potentially in other generalist phytoplankton species
Migrer, travailler et habiter à Beyrouth. La capitale libanaise à travers la main-d'oeuvre étrangère
No full textInternational audienc
Mieux manger dans les quartiers : Quels leviers aux mains des collectivités pour agir sur l’accessibilité à l’alimentation ?
No full textNational audienc
Effects of Lemuru Fish Oil (Sardinella Sp.) on Estrous Response, Hormonal Profile and Conception Rates in Garut Ewes
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term feed supplementation of Lemuru fish oil on the reproductive performance of 20 primiparous Garut ewes. For this purpose, the effects of four diets were compared: a control diet (C) and three diets with various oil supplements. These diets were: 6% palm oil (P1), 3% palm oil with 3% Lemuru fish oil (P2), and 6% Lemuru fish oil (P3). Experimental ewes were subjected to estrous synchronization using two injections of PGF2α 11 days apart. The hormonal profiles and blood metabolites were monitored for animals of each group. Estrous expression was observed at mating, and embryo counts were recorded individually using trans-rectal ultrasonography 20 days after mating. Results showed that plasma concentrations of cholesterol were significantly (P<0.05) higher for P2 and P3 (44.90±10.51 and 49.81±14.37 mg/dL, respectively) than control and P1 groups. Similarly, blood estradiol concentrations were significantly higher for P3 than P1 and P2 groups before estrus, while during estrus P3 had higher blood estradiol than control group (P<0.05). All treatment diets significantly enhanced the onset of estrus in comparison with control animals (P<0.05), while receptivity was higher for P3 (21.80±2.86 times) than for control group (P<0.05). The proportion of ewes pregnant after the first estrus was the highest for P3 (100%) compared to all other diets. However, there was no effect of diets on the number of embryos. In conclusion, feed supplementation of Lemuru fish oil improves reproductive performance of ewes following natural mating by stimulating onset of estrus and increasing pregnancy rates, making Lemuru oil an attractive feed supplement
Travailler pour la circularité : quels enjeux de travail dans la construction des flux de biomasse sur les territoires agricoles ?
No full textInternational audienceIn a context of growing interest for circularity in agricultural systems, numerous researchapproaches have been developed in recent years to strengthen proximity flows. But these flowsinvolve, to varying degrees, logistical, planning and execution work that is often difficult toimplement, especially as they also impact the organization of the initial work. Labor thus appearsto be both central and problematic in the design of biomass flows in agricultural systems. Throughthree case studies from the Occitanie and Ile-de-France regions, we illustrate the issues involved indesigning biomass flows in agricultural areas. New questions and avenues of research emerge,inviting the development of multidisciplinary collaborations along these lines.Dans un contexte d'appel grandissant à la circularité dans les systèmes agricoles, de nombreuses approches de recherche ont été développées ces dernières années pour renforcer les flux de proximité. Mais ces flux impliquent à divers degrés un travail de logistique, de planification et de réalisation dont la mise en oeuvre est souvent difficile, ce d'autant qu'ils impactent également l'organisation du travail initial. Le travail apparait donc à la fois comme central et problématique pour l'élaboration des flux de biomasse dans les systèmes agricoles. A travers trois études de cas en Occitanie et Ile-de-France, nous illustrons les enjeux et ressorts du travail dans la conception de flux de biomasse sur des territoires agricoles. Des questions et pistes de recherche nouvelles émergent et invitent à développer des collaborations pluridisciplinaires dans ce sens
