HAL-CIRAD
Not a member yet
54841 research outputs found
Sort by
Le port, un « monde à part ». Enquêter sur les travailleurs et travailleuses portuaires dans un monde du travail fermé (Le Havre et Felixstowe)
No full textNational audienceAbstract. Qualitative research on work most often focus on the scale of an occupation or a company. This paper proposes a change of scale, by retaining the conceptual category of "(a) world of work", i.e. a group of professions interacting in a specific territory. It develops the case of the world of port labour, based on two ethnography-inspired field surveys carried out in the port cities of Felixstowe and Le Havre. Straightaway, the step of the access to fieldwork helps identify empirically some common features of the world of port labour: a closed field context, partly invisible when seen from the port city. To what extent can qualitative research make workers and port work more visible? The first part of the paper returns to the delimitation of the world of port labour, in a constructivist approach based on the back-and-forth between the two port cities. Far from being limited to the dockworkers and their union, this world corresponds to an unequal system of central and peripheral occupations within the port city. Based on the difficulties faced by the author to access to the field, the second part seeks to objectify the 'closed field context', both spatially and socially. The closed field context strongly constrains ethnographic opportunities. The third part raises the question of tactical adaptations to see and collect narratives about port labour: survey by interviews, collection of first-hand documents, and observation.Les enquêtes qualitatives sur le travail portent le plus souvent sur une profession ou une entreprise. L’article suggère de changer d’échelle et défend l’intérêt de la catégorie conceptuelle de « monde du travail », c’est-à-dire un groupe de professions en interaction sur un territoire donné. Il développe le cas du monde du travail portuaire, à partir de deux enquêtes de terrain inspirées de l’ethnographie, menées dans les villes portuaires de Felixstowe et Le Havre. D’emblée, l’étape de l’accès au terrain permet d’identifier empiriquement des traits typiques du monde du travail portuaire : un terrain fermé et partiellement invisible depuis la ville portuaire. À quelles conditions l’enquête qualitative peut-elle rendre visible les travailleurs et le travail portuaire ? La première partie revient sur la délimitation du monde du travail portuaire, dans une démarche constructiviste fondée sur le va-et-vient entre les deux villes portuaires. Loin de se résumer aux dockers et à leur syndicat, ce monde correspond à un système inégal de professions centrales et de professions péri-portuaires. À partir des difficultés d’accès au terrain, la deuxième partie cherche à objectiver le « terrain fermé », tant spatialement que socialement. Le terrain fermé contraint fortement les possibilités d’ethnographie. La troisième partie pose la question des adaptations tactiques pour voir et recueillir des récits du travail portuaire : enquête par entretiens, par collecte de documents de première main et par observation
Macroéconomie des transitions énergétiques Explorations dans le cas français par la mise en oeuvre d'un modèle réduit
No full text
Urbanization and water containers iInfluence the mosquito community with consequences for Aedes aegypti
No full textInternational audienceWe aimed to determine how the degree of urbanization in a Neotropical city influences Aedes aegypti (L.), a pantropical vector of urban yellow fever, dengue, Zika and Chikungunia, via other mosquito species, whether they are competitors or predators, native to the area or invasive. We conducted experiments twice a month during one year in the city of Kourou, French Guiana, on three sites characterized by increasing percentages of imperviousness (i.e., 0.65%, 33.80% and 86.60%). These sites were located in a ≈5 ha forest fragment, a residential area with gardens, and in the older part of the city, respectively, and correspond to slightly, moderately and highly urbanized sites. There, we monitored twice a month during one year a total of 108 mosquito communities inhabiting four types of containers (i.e., a tank bromeliad, dry stumps of bamboo, ovitraps and car tires) installed in a random block design. In the tanks of the bromeliad, likely due to the acidity of the water, the immatures of native mosquito species prevailed, particularly Wyeomyia pertinans (Williston) in the slightly urbanized site. The general pattern was very similar in the three other types of containers where Limatus durhamii Théobald dominated in the slightly urbanized site, so that the abundance of Ae. aegypti immatures was low compared to those of native species. Yet, Ae. aegypti strongly dominated in the two more urbanized sites. These findings open up perspectives for vector management, including the conservation and/or the augmentation of natural enemies through modifications to landscape features. © 2023, Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil
Citizen science approach for genetic species identification in a local French seafood speciality
No full textInternational audienc
Rapport final du projet Ecophyto RIPP-VITI : Réduire les impacts des produits phytosanitaires en viticulture méridionale à l’échelle territoriale
No full textgraft4dendrogram
No full textThis R code offers a function to add a new leaf to a dendrogram.The proposed algorithm find the best point to graft the new leaf and perform the graft.A demo and an evaluation test codes are provided
Assessing the Effects of Guiera senegalensis, Pluchea odorata, and Piliostigma reticulatum Leaf Powder Supplementation on Growth, Immune Response, Digestive Histology, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) Juveniles before and after Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
No full textInternational audienceThe effects of three medicinal plants in the feeds of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated on growth, survival, immunity, and digestive histology at various inclusion levels: (A) Guiera senegalensis at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8%; (B) Pluchea odorata at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%; (C) Piliostigma reticulatum at 0, 1, and 2%; and (D) a mixture of the three at 0, 1, and 2%. After 28 days of feeding, fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila for 12 days. The results showed that, except for G. senegalensis, the inclusion of the medicinal plants, alone or combined, enhanced the immune response. The diet with 4% P. odorata significantly increased plasma lysozyme and bactericidal activities without affecting feed conversion efficiency or growth. Despite improved immunity, none of the treatments enhanced post-infection survival rates. However, fish fed the 1% mixture showed healthier livers and intestines, with reduced cell swelling and normal lipid deposits, followed by the 2% mixture and the control. These results highlight the potential benefits of incorporating P. odorata and the plant mixture into the diets of Nile tilapia juveniles for enhancing their immune response against A. hydrophila
