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Implementation of the National breast cancer preventive program in the Rijeka Clinical Hospital Center
No full textUvod: Rak dojke je najčešći dijagnosticirani karcinom kod žena. U Hrvatskoj je 2022. godine prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti (MKB-10) zabilježeno 3.108 slučajeva zloćudnih novotvorina dojke kod žena, s incidencijom od 145,60 na 100.000 stanovnika. Vlada Republike Hrvatske usvojila je 29. lipnja 2006. godine Nacionalni preventivni program ranog otkrivanja raka dojke. Ovaj program ima za cilj rano otkrivanje raka dojke, smanjenje smrtnosti od raka dojke za 25 % u razdoblju od pet godina od početka provedbe programa te poboljšanje kvalitete života oboljelih žena od raka dojke. Provedba Nacionalnog preventivnog programa za rano otkrivanje raka dojke uključuje redovite mamografske preglede za žene u dobi od 50. do 69. godine. Žene u ovoj dobnoj skupini pozivaju se na besplatne mamografske preglede svake dvije godine putem službenih poziva koji stižu na njihovu kućnu adresu.
Ciljevi: Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su utvrditi koliki je odaziv korisnica zdravstvene usluge (KZU) na mamografski pregled u sklopu nacionalnog preventivnog programa u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka (KBC) te utvrditi postoje li varijacije u stopi odaziva u odnosu na godišnje doba. Sporedni cilj rada je utvrditi dobnu skupinu s najvišim odazivom na mamografiju po nacionalnom preventivnom programu.
Materijali i metode: U ovo retrospektivno istraživanje bile su uključene ispitanice u dobi od 50 do 69 godina koje su dobile poziv na mamografski pregled u sklopu Nacionalnog preventivnog programa raka dojke na Odjelu za abdominalnu radiologiju i radiologiju dojke Kliničkog zavoda za dijagnostičku i intervencijsku radiologiju KBC-a u Rijeci u periodu od 1. 1. 2021. do 31. 12. 2023. godine tijekom provođenja 6. i 7. ciklusa Nacionalnog preventivnog programa raka dojke. Podaci potrebni za istraživanje prikupljeni su u bolničkom informacijskom sustavu (IBIS) te radiološkom informacijskom sustavu (ISSA). Za testiranje hipoteza koristio se Z-test za proporcije i Hi-kvadrat test. Sve hipoteze testirane su na statističkoj razini značajnosti od p < 0.05.
Rezultati: Udio ispitanica koje su se odazvale pozivu na mamografski pregled u sklopu nacionalnog programa probira u ispitivanom razdoblju iznosi 42,79 %. Najzastupljenija dobna skupina su ispitanice starosti od 65 do 69 godina. Najveći postotak odaziva je ostvaren u veljači.
Zaključak: Udio ispitanica koje su se odazvale pozivu na mamografski pregled u sklopu nacionalnog programa probira znatno je ispod prihvatljive razine od 70 %, a još dalje od poželjne razine od preko 75 %. Najzastupljenija dobna skupina bile su ispitanice starosti od 65 do 69 godina, što je očekivano s obzirom na to da je navedena populacija vjerojatno prestala s radnim odnosom. Analiza mjesečnog odaziva pokazuje da je veljača bila mjesec s najboljim odazivom. Uspoređujući ove podatke s pokazateljima učinkovitosti probira, jasno je da postoje značajna odstupanja koja ukazuju na potrebu za poboljšanjem strategija podizanja svijesti i motiviranja žena za sudjelovanje u programu. Posebna pažnja treba se posvetiti povećanju odaziva kako bi se približili prihvatljivim i poželjnim standardima koji su određeni Hrvatskim smjernicama za osiguranje kvalitete probira i dijagnostike raka dojke, što je ključno za postizanje bolje učinkovitosti ranog otkrivanja raka dojke.Introduction: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. In Croatia, in 2022, according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), there were 3,108 cases of malignant breast neoplasms in women, with an incidence rate of 145.60 per 100,000 inhabitants. On June 29, 2006, the Government of the Republic of Croatia adopted the National Early Detection Program for Breast Cancer. The aim of this program is to ensure early detection of breast cancer, reduce mortality from breast cancer by 25% within five years from the beginning of its implementation, and improve the quality of life for women suffering from breast cancer. The implementation of the National Early Detection Program (NPP) for breast cancer involves regular mammograms for women aged 50 to 69. Women in this age group are invited to free mammograms every two years through official invitations sent to their home address.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to determine the participation rate of women in the mammogram screening program within the National Early Detection Program at the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka (KBC) and to identify whether there are variations in participation rates related to the seasons. A secondary objective is to identify the age group with the highest participation in the mammogram screening as part of the National Early Detection Program.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included women aged 50 to 69 who were invited to undergo mammography screening as part of the National Breast Cancer Prevention Program at the Department of Abdominal Radiology and Breast Radiology of the Clinical Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology of the Clinical Hospital Center in Rijeka in the period from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2023 during the implementation of the 6th and 7th cycles of the National Breast Cancer Prevention Program. The data required for the study were collected in the hospital information system (IBIS) and the radiology information system (ISSA). The Z-test for proportions and the Chi-square test were used to test the hypotheses. All hypotheses were tested at a statistical significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: The proportion of women who responded to the invitation for a mammogram screening as part of the national screening program during the study period was 42.79%. The most represented age group was women aged 65 to 69. The highest participation rate was observed in February.
Conclusion: The proportion of women who responded to the invitation for a mammogram screening as part of the national screening program is significantly below the acceptable level of 70%, and even further from the desired level of over 75%. The most represented age group was women aged 65 to 69, which is expected since this population is likely retired. The analysis of monthly participation shows that February had the highest participation. Comparing these data with screening effectiveness indicators, it is clear that there are significant deviations that point to the need for improved strategies for raising awareness and motivating women to participate in the program. Special attention should be given to increasing participation in order to approach the acceptable and desirable standards set by the Croatian Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, which is crucial for achieving better effectiveness in early breast cancer detection
Analyzing Predictive Factors for the Media’s Impact on the Nursing Profession
No full textIntroduction: Mass media play a crucial role not only in informing the public but also in shaping public perception, educating, and enhancing the visibility of various professions, including nursing. Despite being the most populous healthcare profession, nursing remains underrepresented in media coverage. This imbalance affects the social status of the nursing profession and its public perception. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a validated questionnaire with high internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients) to assess nurses’ perceptions of the media’s role in society and the nursing profession. Data were collected from 203 participants using an online survey employing the snowball sampling method. Statistical analyses included Welch ANOVA, t-tests, and hierarchical regression to predict the importance of media education. Results: Participants demonstrated positive perceptions of the media’s societal influence but identified a lack of adequate representation of nurses. Younger nurses and those with higher education levels emphasized the need for media education. Regression analysis revealed that perceptions of the media’s power and self-assessed media competencies were significant predictors of valuing media education. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for integrating media literacy training into nursing education to enhance professional visibility and public engagement. This can empower nurses to actively contribute to shaping their professional image and addressing public misconceptions. Future research should expand the sample size and explore diverse healthcare settings to validate these findings
Updates in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Management: From Proton Pump Inhibitors to Dietary and Lifestyle Modifications
No full textGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder that greatly influences patients’ quality of life and represents a growing public health concern. Characterized by typical and atypical symptoms, GERD encompasses a range of clinical phenotypes and is associated with complications such as erosive esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus. This review intends to provide a thorough overview of current scientific knowledge on the etiological factors, risk determinants, and pathophysiology of GERD, while exploring diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approaches. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remain the mainstay of medical therapy; however, concerns regarding their long-term safety have encouraged interest in adjunctive and alternative strategies. Emerging pharmacological agents, plant-based treatments, and integrative approaches rooted in traditional medicine offer promising modalities for enhanced management. Additionally, dietary and lifestyle modifications such as weight control, meal timing, and avoidance of trigger foods, are essential components of effective care. A multidisciplinary framework incorporating pharmacological, nutritional, and behavioral strategies is emphasized as the most reliable path toward personalized and sustainable GERD management. This review further aims to synthesize current therapeutic modalities and evolving perspectives in the treatment of GERD
Primjena lijekova tijekom dojenja
No full textCilj: Svrha i cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati najčešće izvore informacija dojiljama o sigurnosti pri-mjene lijekova tijekom dojenja, saznati koje lijekove najčešće uzimaju i testirati povezanost njiho-vog znanja o sigurnosti primjene lijekova tijekom dojenja s razinom obrazovanja i paritetom.Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno online upitnikom koji je ispunilo 211 ispitanica, od kojih je 189 uključeno u istraživanje. Metoda uzorkovanja bila je neprobabilistička na dobrovoljnoj bazi. Upit-nik je bio objavljen na društvenim mrežama u grupama čije su teme povezane s dojenjem, poro-dom i majčinstvom.Rezultati: Rezultati pokazuju da je dojiljama najčešći izvor informacija o sigurnosti lijekova tije-kom dojenja liječnik (38,62 %), a zatim samostalno pretraživanje/internet (33,33 %). Najčešće tijekom dojenja koriste analgetike (89,41 %), vitaminsko-mineralni kompleks (53,97 %) i anti-biotike (33,33 %). Nije pronađena statistički značajna povezanost između znanja dojilja o sigur-nosti primjene lijekova tijekom dojenja i njihovog stupnja obrazovanja. Također, razlika u znanju između višerotkinja i prvorotkinja nije bila značajna u ovom istraživanju.Zaključak: Dojiljama su najčešći izvor informacija i savjeta o sigurnosti primjene lijekova tijekom dojenja liječnici, a najčešće uzimaju analgetike. Paritet se nije pokazao kao značajan faktor u razini znanja dojilja o sigurnosti primjene lijekova tijekom dojenja niti je dokazano da stupanj obrazovanja dojilja igra ulogu u razini njihovog znanja o sigurnosti primjene lijekova tijekom doje-nja. Unaprjeđenje zdravstvene pismenosti u cilju promicanja vrijednosti i sigurnosti dojenja jedan je od većih javnozdravstvenih prioriteta u čemu svoje mjesto moraju naći i fakultetski obrazovane primalje
Exposure of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to amphetamine-type stimulants leads to oxidative-antioxidative imbalance associated with DNA damage and acetylcholine antagonism
No full textAmphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) are widely abused substances that impair central and peripheral nervous system functions. The mechanisms of their toxicity on human neuronal cells have not been fully clarified yet but include effects on oxidative-antioxidative balance and interaction with synaptic enzymes/receptors. The aims of this study were to determine oxidant/antioxidant status, DNA integrity and the activity of neurotransmitter system components (monoamine oxidase A, MAO-A and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, nAChR) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after 24-h exposure to different ATSs. In this matter, we first evaluated cell viability by MTS assay. After determination of the concentrations (near IC25) suitable for conduction of the alkaline comet assay, these were further studied for the extent of DNA damage, along with the levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and activities of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). The activity of the MAO-A enzyme and nAChR activity were evaluated at concentration range 1-50 mu M. Finally, the in silico pharmacokinetic parameters predictions of the tested ATSs were determined. When compared to untreated cells, the most notable result was obtained for amphetamine (AMP), where we observed a significant increase in ROS levels, SOD, GPx and CAT activity, and a decrease in GSH levels. Interestingly, all of the tested ATSs increased the activity of GPx, while the activities of the other enzymes were compound-dependent. The new psychoactive substance (NPS) mephedrone (4-MMC) had a similar effect as AMP, except that it did not affect CAT activity. At the tested concentrations, AMP, methamphetamine (METH) and 4-MMC also showed effects on DNA stability. None of the tested ATSs inhibited MAO-A in the tested concentration range, but AMP, METH, 3,4-methylenediox-ymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) inhibited acetylcholine activation of human nAChR. Taken together, significant induction of oxidative stress parameters, increased level of DNA damage detected and inhibition of nAChR activity indicate potential mechanisms of ATS substances action, and represent the direction for further studies to clarify the toxicological risks associated with ATS and/or NPS consumption
Authenticity assessment of honeydew honey based on phytochemical profile
No full textConsidering the health-beneficial properties of honeydew honey and difficulties in its authenticity assessment, a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint method in combination with multivariate analysis was developed, in order to relate phenolic profiles of selected honey samples to their verified botanical origin and biological activity. The HPTLC chromatograms were obtained using two derivatization reagents, vanillin-sulfuric acid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. Phenolic profiles of samples indicated the uniformity within each honey variety, but also variability among different botanical origin. Chemometric evaluation, including principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis, hyphenated with chromatographic method provided a discriminative and predictive methodology for classification of Hungarian oak, Evergreen oak, Montpellier maple and Silver fir honey samples. The analysis highlighted the significance of specific phenolic compounds (e.g., RF = 0.31, 0.41, 0.51) for distinguishing the samples, underscoring the potential for accurate botanical authentication of samples, particularly Hungarian oak honey, based on its chemical profile. The HPTLC-DPPH method demonstrated a high potential for differentiating samples based on antioxidant activity, offering an efficient alternative to other techniques for antioxidant activity determination. PLS-DA models successfully predicted the botanical origin of Quercus spp., Evergreen oak and Hungarian oak. This approach can be useful for ensuring the quality control of honeydew honey products, providing an efficient and resource-saving alternative to more advanced analytical techniques. Additionally, caffeic acid emerged as the most potent antioxidant across the selected honeydew honey varieties. This highlights the potential of caffeic acid as a key bioactive compound contributing to the health-promoting properties of honeydew honey
The Impact of Jet Lag Symptoms on Physical Condition and Mental Health
No full textUvod: Cirkadijski ritmovi su biološki procesi koji slijede 24-satni ciklus svjetlosti i tame, regulirajući fiziološke i psihološke funkcije u organizmu. Kod ljudi su ovi ritmovi kontrolirani suprahijazmatskom jezgrom (SCN) u hipotalamusu. Cirkadijski ritam traje otprilike 24,2 sata i za usklađivanje s okolišnim ciklusom svjetlosti i tame oslanja se na vanjske čimbenike poznate kao zeitgebers. Poremećaji cirkadijskog ritma nastaju kada se unutarnji biološki sat ne podudara s vanjskim čimbenicima. To može dovesti do poremećaja spavanja uključujući jet lag – skup simptoma koji se javljaju zbog nagle promjene vremenskih zona. Simptomi jet laga uključuju nesanicu, umor, gastrointestinalne tegobe, lošiju koncentraciju i raspoloženje, a njihova ozbiljnost ovisi o broju prijeđenih vremenskih zona, smjeru putovanja, sposobnosti prilagodbe i individualnim razlikama.
Ciljevi istraživanja: Ispitati utjecaj simptoma jet laga na tjelesno i mentalno stanje te uvidjeti ima li razlike u pojavnosti između tjelesno aktivnih i neaktivnih studenata.
Ispitanici (materijali) i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na 55 studenata Work&Travel programa u SAD-u (2024.), u dobi od 18 do 27 godina. Sudionici su putovali iz jugoistočne Europe na istočnu obalu SAD-a i boravili tamo najmanje 30 dana. Isključeni su oni s manje od četiri vremenske zone, kraćim letom, problemima sa spavanjem ili psihičkim poremećajima. Podaci su prikupljeni online anketom putem Google Forms. Upitnik je obuhvatio demografska pitanja, procjenu jet laga (skala 1-10), intenzitet simptoma (0-4) i razinu tjelesne aktivnosti. Upitnik se temelji na „Liverpool Jet Lag Scale“ i „Columbia Jet Lag Scale“. Analiza je provedena u programu Statistica 14.0.0.15 uz razinu značajnosti p ≤ 0,05.
Rezultati: Visoka pozitivna povezanost između percipiranog intenziteta jet laga i jačine tjelesnih i mentalnih simptoma potvrđuje negativan učinak jet laga na fizičko i psihičko stanje pa se prva i druga hipoteza mogu potvrditi. Iako tjelesno aktivniji ispitanici u prosjeku prijavljuju blaže simptome u usporedbi s neaktivnima ili slabo aktivnima, ta razlika nije statistički značajna, zbog čega se treća hipoteza odbacuje.
Zaključak: Dugi letovi i brza promjena vremenskih zona uzrokuju simptome jet laga poput nesanice, umora, promjene raspoloženja, probavnih tegoba i osjećaja izgubljenosti. Ograničenja istraživanja uključuju mali uzorak (N=55) i retrogradno prikupljanje podataka, što može dovesti do pristranosti u sjećanju. U budućim istraživanjima preporučuje se veći uzorak i objektivnije mjerenje simptoma te prikupljanje podataka odmah nakon leta za veću pouzdanost
THE OUTCOME OF PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION IN THE CLINIC FOR GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS KBC RIJEKA
No full textIntrauterini zastoj u rastu fetusa definiran je kao nemogućnost fetusa da dosegne svoj potencijal rasta te ga karakterizira težina fetusa ispod 10. percentilne krivulje. Vodeći je uzrok neonatalnog mortaliteta te kratkoročnog i dugoročnog morbiditeta. Intrauterini zastoja u rastu ploda može nastati zbog fetalnih, majčinih, placentarnih, genetskih i okolišnih čimbenika. Trudnoće komplicirane ovom dijagnozom mogu se dovršiti indukcijom porođaja, spontanim vaginalnim porodom te elektivnim ili hitnim carskim rezom.
Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je odrediti udio trudnica s IUGR-om među svim trudnicama u KBC-u Rijeka u razdoblju od 2013. do 2023. godine, a hipoteza je da je udio trudnica s IUGR-om među svim trudnicama u KBC-u Rijeka u razdoblju od 2013. do 2023. godine veći je od 10%. Ostali ciljevi su: usporediti udio kasnih i ranih zastoja u rastu ploda, odrediti najčešći tjedan trudnoće u kojem su dovršene trudnoće komplicirane s kasnim IUGR-om, utvrditi najčešći način dovršetka trudnoće u rodilja s IUGR-om te odrediti prosječni Apgar Indeks novorođenčadi s IUGR-om.
Za potrebe ovog istraživanja retrospektivno su se prikupili i analizirali podatci na način da se pretraživao bolnički informacijski sustav (BIS) te rađaonski protokoli. U istraživanje su uključene trudnice i rodilje koje su rodile u razdoblju od 1. siječnja 2013. godine do 31.prosinca 2023. godine na Klinici za Ginekologiju i porodništvo KBC-a Rijeka.
Broj trudnica koje su imale IUGR je 968. Njih 805 (82,99%) imalo je kasni, a njih 163 (16,8%) rani intrauterini zastoj rasta ploda. Najčešći tjedan u kojem su dovršene trudnoće komplicirane IUGR-om je 38. tjedan (211/968), a najčešći način dovršetka poroda je hitni carski rez (348/968). Prosječni Apgar Indeks novorođenčadi je 10 (661/968).Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as the inability of the fetus to reach its growth potential due to pathological factors, most commonly placental dysfunction. Worldwide, intrauterine growth restriction is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and short- and long-term morbidity. It complicates 10 to 15% of all pregnancies. Causes of intrauterine growth restriction include fetal, maternal, placental, genetic and environmental factors. Pregnancies diagnosed with intrauterine growth restriction can be completed by induction of labor, spontaneous vaginal delivery, and elective or emergency cesarean section.
The main objective of this study is to determine the proportion of pregnant women with IUGR among all pregnant women at the Hospital Center Rijeka in the period from 2013 to 2023, and the hypothesis is that the proportion of pregnant women with IUGR among all pregnant women at the Hospital Center Rijeka in the period from 2013 to 2023 is greater than 10%. Other objectives are: to compare the proportion of late and early fetal growth restriction, to determine the most common week of pregnancy in which pregnancies complicated by late IUGR were completed, to determine the most common method of labor in women with IUGR, and to determine the average Apgar Index of newborns with IUGR.
For the purposes of this study, data were retrospectively collected and analyzed by searching the hospital information system and delivery protocols. The study included pregnant women and women in labor who gave birth in the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2023 at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, KBC Rijeka.
The number of pregnant women with IUGR was 968. 805 (82.99%) of them had late intrauterine growth restriction, and 163 (16.8%) had early intrauterine growth restriction. The most common week in which pregnancies complicated by IUGR were completed was the 38th week (211/968), and the most common way of completing the birth was emergency cesarean section (348/968). The average Apgar Index of newborns was 10 (661/968)
Knowlegde and use of contraception among high school students
No full textKontracepcija obuhvaća različite metode sprječavanja začeća, a neke od njih, poput kondoma, pružaju i zaštitu od spolno prenosivih bolesti. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati razinu znanja i uporabu kontracepcije među srednjoškolcima te usporediti znanje između učenika zdravstvenog i ugostiteljskog smjera.
Rezultati su pokazali da učenici zdravstvenog smjera imaju bolje znanje o kontracepciji u odnosu na učenike ugostiteljskog smjera, što se može pripisati njihovom obrazovnom programu koji uključuje predmete vezane uz reproduktivno zdravlje. Međutim, istraživanje je također pokazalo da ne postoji značajna razlika u razini znanja između učenika koji su imali spolni odnos i onih koji nisu, što ukazuje na to da spolna aktivnost ne jamči nužno bolje informiranost o kontracepciji.
Najčešća dob stupanja u prvi spolni odnos u ovom istraživanju bila je 17 godina, što je nešto kasnije nego što su pokazala ranija istraživanja. Ipak, zabrinjavajući su nalazi koji upućuju na netočne percepcije kontracepcije – primjerice, 35% ispitanika smatra prekinuti snošaj sigurnom metodom zaštite, dok 30% vjeruje da nije potrebno koristiti kondom uz oralnu kontracepciju.
Posebno važan nalaz istraživanja je da 91% ispitanika smatra kako bi se u obrazovanju trebalo više govoriti o kontracepciji, što ukazuje na potrebu za poboljšanjem edukacije o spolnom zdravlju.
Iako srednjoškolci posjeduju osnovno znanje o kontracepciji, istraživanje je potvrdilo potrebu za kvalitetnijim informiranjem i ranijim uključivanjem tema spolnog zdravlja u obrazovni sustav, s ciljem smanjenja rizika od neželjenih trudnoća i spolno prenosivih bolesti
18F- FDG PET/CT IN A LUNG CANCER
No full textPozitronska emisijska tomografija/kompjutorizirana tomografija (engl. positron emission tomography/computed tomography, PET/CT) je hibridna slikovna dijagnostička metoda koja spaja prikaz raspodjele radiofarmaka u tijelu, odnosno njihovo nakupljanje u tkivima za koja su specifični, s kompjuteriziranom tomografijom (CT), koja prikazuje anatomiju i morfologiju. Kao radiofarmak, najčešće se koristi pozitronski emiter, fluorom -18 obilježena fluorodeoksiglukoza (18F-FDG) koja se nakuplja u stanicama visoke metaboličke aktivnosti, pa tako i tumorskim. Karcinom pluća jedan je od najčešćih uzroka smrtnosti, a PET/CT ima važnu ulogu u njegovoj ranoj detekciji, procjeni proširenosti i praćenju terapije.
Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su utvrditi u koliko se pacijenata sa suspektnom tvorbom u plućima upućenih na PET/CT snimanje s 18F – FDG detektirala patološka akumulacija 18F-FDG u tvorbi. Nadalje, cilj je bio ustanoviti u koliko je pacijenata PET/CT snimanjem ustanovljena proširena bolest koja nije bila očekivana. Također, cilj je bio procijeniti učestalost nalaza patološke akumulacije, tj. patološkog nalaza PET/CT pretrage s obzirom na dob.
Retrospektivno je analizirana medicinska dokumentacija 75 pacijenta koji su bili upućeni na PET/CT pretragu u PET/CT centar Poliklinike Medikol u periodu od 1. siječnja do 1. svibnja 2024. godine. Ispitanici su bili pacijenti oba spola kod kojih je primijećena suspektna tvorba u plućima na MSCT snimanju.
Patološka akumulacija 18F-FDG-a u tvorbi pluća potvrđena je u gotovo polovice pacijenata upućenih na snimanje, a u više od polovice onih s pozitivnim nalazom otkrivena je i proširena bolest koja nije bila očekivana. Pozitivan nalaz najčešći je bio u dobnoj skupini od 61 do 80 godine.
Zaključeno je da se PET/CT pretraga s 18F-FDG-om pokazala kao izuzetno učinkovita dijagnostička metoda u otkrivanju karcinoma pluća te nam omogućuje procjenu proširenosti bolesti. Zahvaljujući visokoj senzitivnosti i specifičnosti, PET/CT omogućuje i otkrivanje udaljenih metastaza, često prije pojave kliničkih simptoma.Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is a hybrid imaging diagnostic method that combines the visualization of the distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in the body, i.e., their accumulation in tissues for which they are specific, with computed tomography (CT), which shows anatomy and morphology. The most commonly used radiopharmaceutical is a positron emitter, fluorine-18 labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), which accumulates in cells with high metabolic activity, including tumor cells.
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality, and PET/CT plays an important role in its early detection, assessment of disease spread, and therapy monitoring.
The aims of this study were to determine in how many patients with a suspicious lung lesion referred for PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDG a pathological accumulation of 18F-FDG in the lesion was detected. Furthermore, the goal was to establish in how many patients PET/CT imaging revealed advanced disease that was previously unsuspected. Another objective was to assess the frequency of pathological 18F-FDG accumulation, i.e., pathological PET/CT findings in relation to age.
The medical records of 75 patients referred for PET/CT examination at the PET/CT center of the Medikol Polyclinic in the period from January 1 to May 1, 2024, were retrospectively analyzed. The participants included both male and female patients with a suspicious lung lesion identified on MSCT imaging.
Pathological accumulation of 18F-FDG in the lung lesion was confirmed in almost half of the patients referred for imaging, and in more than half of those with a positive finding, advanced disease that was previously unsuspected was discovered. Positive findings were most common in the age group of 61 to 80 years.
It was concluded that PET/CT imaging with 18F-FDG proved to be an extremely effective tool for detecting lung cancer and enables the assessment of disease spread. Thanks to its high sensitivity and specificity, PET/CT also enables the detection of distant metastases, often before the appearance of clinical symptoms