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Analysis of the construction and maintenance technology of the 2A46 gun recoil system on the M-84A4 tank
No full textDiplomski rad obrađuje naoružanje borbenih oklopnih vozila, s naglaskom na tenkovski top 2A46
i njegov protutrzajući sustav. U uvodu se daje kratak pregled razvoja naoružanja oklopnih vozila,
s posebnim osvrtom na tenkovske topove. Središnji dio rada posvećen je analizi konstrukcije i
načela rada topa 2A46, uključujući njegove glavne sastavne dijelove. Kao što je prethodno
navedeno, poseban naglasak stavljen je na protutrzajući sustav, koji se sastoji od hidraulične
kočnice i hidropneumatskog povratnika. Detaljno su obrađeni njihovi dijelovi, materijali od kojih
su izrađeni te način funkcioniranja. Završni dio rada bavi se održavanjem sustava – razinama i
vrstama održavanja, potrebnom tehnološkom i ispitno - mjernom opremom, kao i mogućim
poboljšanjima konstrukcijskih rješenja. Cilj rada je pružiti cjeloviti pregled funkcionalnosti,
konstrukcije i održavanja topa 2A46 te naglasiti njegovu važnost u borbenim djelovanjima
modernih oklopnih postrojbi.This thesis explores the armament of armored combat vehicles, with a particular focus on the 2A46
tank gun and its recoil system. The introduction provides a brief overview of the development of
armored vehicle weaponry, especially tank guns. The core of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis
of the construction and operating principles of the 2A46 gun, including its main components. As
previously mentioned, special emphasis is placed on the recoil system, which consists of a
hydraulic brake and a hydropneumatic recuperator. The thesis thoroughly examines their
components, the materials used in their construction, and their modes of operation. The final
section addresses system maintenance—its levels and procedures, required technological and
testing equipment, and potential improvements to design solutions. The aim of the thesis is to offer
a comprehensive overview of the functionality, structure, and maintenance of the 2A46 gun,
highlighting its significance in the operational effectiveness of modern armored unit
Proxy wars and the geopolitical rivalry of the United States and the Soviet Union from the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis to the end of the Cold War
No full textRad interpretira razdoblje Hladnog rata nakon završetka Kubanske raketne krize obilježeno
politikama Sjedinjenih Američkih Država i Sovjetskog Saveza da svoje geopolitičke ciljeve
provode kroz posredničke ratove u zemljama Trećeg svijeta. Rad pritom raščlanjuje Vijetnamski
rat koji je postao središnja arena u kojoj je SAD nastojao spriječiti širenje komunizma,
promatrajući ga kao dio šire strategije obuzdavanja, dok je SSSR podržavao Sjeverni Vijetnam
kako bi proširio svoj utjecaj u jugoistočnoj Aziji. Slično tomu, rad analizira sukobe u Africi,
Latinskoj Americi i na Bliskom istoku, poput građanskog rata u Angoli i sovjetske invazije na
Afganistan, koji su pokazali kako su obje supersile nastojale projicirati moć u regijama daleko od
svojih granica. Rad nadalje evaluira i utjecaj Hladnog rata na zemlje Trećeg svijeta, te objašnjava
tamošnje značajne političke promjene i smjene vodstava. Od metoda istraživanja u radu koriste se
metode deskripcije i apstrakcije kao i metoda komparacije budući da se radi o dvije ideološki
suprotstavljene svjetske supersile koje su nastojale nametnuti svoju volju ostatku svijeta. Napokon,
zadatak je u radu procijeniti kako je način vođenja vanjske politike kroz vojne, političke i
ekonomske poteze SAD-a i SSSR-a odredio sam završetak Hladnog rata te okončanje
komunističkog režima u Sovjetskom Savezu.The paper should explore the period of the Cold War following the end of the Cuban Missile Crisis,
marked by the policies of the United States and the Soviet Union to pursue their geopolitical goals
through proxy wars in Third World countries. The paper should explain the Vietnam War, which
became a central arena in which the U.S. sought to prevent the spread of communism, viewing it
as part of a broader containment strategy, while the USSR supported North Vietnam in order to
expand its influence in Southeast Asia. Similarly, the paper should analyze conflicts in Africa,
Latin America, and the Middle East—such as the civil war in Angola and the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan—that demonstrated how both superpowers sought to project power in regions far
from their own borders. Furthermore, the paper should evaluate the impact of the Cold War on
Third World countries, dissecting significant political changes and shifts in leadership in those
regions. The research should employ methods of description and abstraction, as well as
comparative analysis, given that this concerns two ideologically opposed global superpowers
attempting to impose their will on the rest of the world. Finally, the paper should assess how the
conduct of foreign policy—through military, political, and economic measures by both the U.S.
and the USSR—shaped the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the communist regime in the
Soviet Union
Projections of the direction of development of rocket artillery weapons based on historical development
No full textOvaj rad analizira povijesni razvoj, tehničke karakteristike i perspektive raketnih topničkih oružja
od njihovih početaka do suvremenih sustava i onih u razvoju. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na
njihovu ulogu u različitim ratnim razdobljima – od ranih pokušaja u 19. stoljeću, kroz Drugi
svjetski rat i Hladni rat, do modernih sukoba i budućih tehnologija. Analizom sustava kao što su
Katyusha, Nebelwerfer, HIMARS, M270 MLRS i drugi, prikazane su temeljne razlike u kalibru,
dometu i borbenim sposobnostima kroz vrijeme. Korištenjem grafova, uspoređene su tehničke
tendencije razvoja, a naglasak je stavljen na suvremene i buduće sustave poput PrSM i PULS.
Zaključno, raketna topnička oružja predstavljaju ključnu komponentu modernih oružanih snaga te
će, uz daljnju digitalizaciju, precizno navođenje i automatizaciju, igrati sve važniju ulogu u
budućim sukobima.This paper analyzes the historical development, technical characteristics, and future perspectives
of rocket artillery systems from their origins to modern and emerging technologies. Special
attention is given to their role across different military eras—from early applications in the 19th
century, through World War II and the Cold War, to modern conflicts and upcoming
advancements. Through an analysis of systems such as the Katyusha, Nebelwerfer, HIMARS,
M270 MLRS, and others, key differences in caliber, range, and combat capability over time are
presented. Developmental trends are illustrated using graphs, with emphasis on modern and future
systems like PrSM and PULS. In conclusion, rocket artillery represents a vital component of
contemporary armed forces, and with further digitalization, guided precision, and automation, it
will play an increasingly significant role in future conflicts
Close protection
No full textOpisati NATO-ov koncept sigurnosti i važnosti neposrednog osiguranja štićenih osoba i
opisati procese zaštite snaga i oporavka osoblja. Prikazati današnje prijetnje prema štićenim
osobama i objasniti važnost neposrednog osiguranja u mirnodopskim uvjetima i područjima
visokog rizika. Objasniti nacionalnu strategiju sigurnosti Republike Hrvatske te opisati strategiju
obrane Republike Hrvatske. Prikazati će se zakonski okvir te koji se uvjeti moraju ispuniti da bi
se postala (VIP) štićena osoba. Pomoću studije slučaja ilustrirati taktike neposrednog osiguranja
štićenih osoba i pojasniti prednosti i nedostatke.Describe the NATO concept of security and the importance of direct protection of
protected persons and describe the processes of force protection and personnel recovery. Present
today's threats to protected persons and explain the importance of direct protection in peacetime
conditions and high-risk areas. Explain the national security strategy of the Republic of Croatia
and describe the defense strategy of the Republic of Croatia. The legal framework will be
presented and what conditions must be met to become a (VIP) protected person. Using a case
study, illustrate the tactics of direct protection of protected persons and explain the advantages
and disadvantages
Terroristic organisations in the Middle East in the post-Cold War era
No full textBliskoistočna se regija pokazala plodnim tlom za niz sektaških, etničkih, vjerskih, socijalnih i
drugih raskola. Obilježena je nestabilnostima, nesigurnostima i sukobima kao rezultat
unutrašnjih problema i vanjskih intervencija i geopolitičkih interesa. Razni su akteri pronašli
svoje mjesto upravo tu, gdje ljudske probleme mogu iskoristiti za ostvarenje vlastitih ciljeva.
Neki su od tih aktera i teroristi. Najpoznatije terorističke organizacije koje su ostavile traga na
području Bliskog istoka su Al-Kaida i Islamska država. Obje su našle način da se integriraju u
brojne pore i strukture društva te su izvrstan primjer četvrtog vala terorizma, odnosno religijski
inspiriranog terorizma koji snažno obilježava poslijehladnoratovsko razdoblje. Svijet je vrhunac
Al-Kaidina djelovanja doživio 2001. g. kada je ona počinila najveći teroristički akt na tlu SAD-a
kao odgovor na američku vanjsku politiku te time promijenila cijeli svijet i njegovo viđenje
islama. Islamska je država, s druge strane, na vrhuncu svoje moći bila kada je 2014. g. objavila
ostvarenje kalifata, panislamističkog nadnacionalnog teritorija na području Iraka i Levanta.
Danas te terorističke organizacije nisu jake kao kada su bile na vrhuncu svoje moći i utjecaja.
Ovaj se rad bavi upravo analizom i interpretacijom sličnosti i razlika između ideologije ovih
dviju organizacija te procjenjuje gdje su one danas te koliku prijetnju predstavljaju.Middle Eastern region has proved it self as a fertile ground for a series of sectarian, ethnic,
religious and some other schisms. It is characterized by instabilities, uncertainties and conflicts
as a result of internal problems and external interventions and geopolitical interests. Various
actor have found a way to exploit these problems in order to achieve their own goals. Some of
those actors are terrorists. Best- known terrorist organisation that left their impact in the Middle
East were Al-Qaeda and Islamic State. Both have found a way to interate themselves among
numerous poures and structures of the society and are an excellent example of forth wave of
terrorism, i.e. religiously inspired terrorism which strongly depicts post- Cold War era. The
world has seen Al-Qaeda peek at 2001 when it perpetrated the greates terrorist attack on US soil
as an answer to american foreign policy and with that act changed the entire world and it's
perception on islam. Islamic State, on the other hand, was at it's peek at 2014 after the
announcement of creation of caliphate, pan-Islamic supranational territory in the region of
Levant and Iraq. Today, these two organisations are not as strong as they ued to be at their peek
of power and influence.
This paper writes about common features and distinctions between the ideologies of the two and
gives and answer where these organisation are today and how much threat they pose
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the neutralization and removal of IEDs and UXO
No full textU posljednjim desetljećima sukobi su u potpunosti evolvirali iz klasičnog načina ratovanja
odnosno konvencionalnog u takozvane asimetrične sukobe. Samom pojavom asimetričnih sukoba
u kojem svu borbenu moć jedne od strana čine manje skupine terorista u potpunosti je promijenila
doktrine modernih i profesionalno ustrojenih vojski. Jedna od tehnika kojima se koriste terorističke
organizacije su IED (eng. improvised explosive devices). Kao odgovor na ovu vrstu prijetnje
ustrojeni su EOD (eng. explosive ordnance disposal) timovi.
Ratove u 21. stoljeću uz terorizam obilježava i uporaba raznih besposadnih sustava, a u najvećoj
mjeri zračnih besposadnih sustava to jest bespilotnih letjelica. Njihova jednostavnost uporabe,
modularnost i cijena izrade dovela je do masivne uporabe diljem svijeta. Svoju primjenu također
pronalaze i u uklanjanju IED.
Cilj ovog rada je uz prikaz sadašnjih mogućnosti uklanjanja IED-a i UXO-a (eng. unexploded
ordinance) razmotriti ulogu i mogućnosti bespilotnih letjelica u sigurnom otkrivanju, neutralizaciji
i uklanjanju IED-a i UXO-a, te kasnije i mogućnost implementacije u OS RH.In recent decades, conflicts have completely evolved from the classic or conventional way of
warfare to the so-called asymmetric conflicts. The very emergence of asymmetric conflicts in
which all the fighting power of one of the parties is made up of small groups of terrorists has
completely changed the doctrines of modern and professionally organized armies. One of the
techniques used by terrorist organizations is IED (Improvised Explosive Devices). In response to
this type of threat, EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) teams were established.
Wars in the 21st century are characterized by the use of various unmanned systems, and to a large
extent, unmanned aerial systems, i.e. drones. Their ease of use, modularity and cost of production
have led to their massive use around the world. They also find their application in the removal of
IEDs.
The aim of this work is to present the current possibilities of removing IEDs and UXOs
(unexploded ordinance) and to consider the role and possibilities of unmanned aerial vehicles in
the safe detection, neutralization and removal of IEDs and UXOs, and later the possibility of
implementation in the Croatian Armed Forces
Digital forensics of the Android operating system
No full textOvaj rad istražuje digitalnu forenziku Android operativnog sustava, fokusirajući se na teorijske
koncepte i praktične pristupe koji se koriste u modernim istragama. Obrađuje se slojevita
arhitektura Androida, uključujući njegovu jezgru, biblioteke, okruženje za izvođenje i okvir
aplikacije, kako bi se razumjelo kako se podaci pohranjuju i pristupaju im. Rad opisuje ključne
metode za prikupljanje podataka - poput logičke i fizičke ekstrakcije - i objašnjava kako se alati
poput ADB-a mogu koristiti za izvlačenje podataka iz korisničkih particija bez eskalacije
privilegija (rootanja) uređaja. Također se raspravlja o naprednijim forenzičkim alatima poput
Magnet AXIOM-a, FTK Imagera i Autopsyja, koji istražiteljima omogućuju obradu i vizualizaciju
dokaza iz različitih izvora. Posebna se pozornost posvećuje izazovima mobilne forenzike, kao što
su enkripcija, ograničena prava pristupa i radna memorija. Obrađeni su praktični aspekti,
uključujući rukovanje mobilnim uređajima na mjestima zločina i njihovu pripremu za analizu,
kako bi se osigurao integritet podataka. Sveukupno, rad pruža cjelovit pregled kako se Android
uređaji mogu forenzički analizirati pomoću dostupnih alata, naglašavajući važnost razumijevanja
unutarnje strukture Androida i tehnika prikupljanja za učinkovito otkrivanje dokaza.This paper explores digital forensics of the Android operating system, focusing on both
theoretical concepts and practical approaches used in modern investigations. Android’s layered
architecture, including its kernel, libraries, runtime, and application framework, is examined to
understand how data is stored and accessed. The paper outlines key methods for acquiring data —
such as logical and physical extraction — and explains how tools like ADB can be used to pull
data from user partitions without rooting the device. It also discusses more advanced forensic tools
like Magnet AXIOM, FTK Imager, and Autopsy, which allow investigators to process and
visualize evidence from various sources. Special attention is given to the challenges of mobile
forensics, such as encryption, limited access rights, and volatile memory. Practical aspects,
including handling mobile devices at crime scenes and preparing them for analysis, are covered to
ensure data integrity. Overall, the paper provides a complete overview of how Android devices
can be forensically analyzed using both free and commercial tools, underlining the importance of
understanding Android’s internal structure and acquisition techniques for effective evidence
recovery
The Use of Reconnaissance in Urban Warfare
No full textOvaj rad obrađuje djelovanje izvidničkih postrojbi u urbanom ratovanju. Cilj rada je razraditi
samu tematiku i dati odgovore povijesti i samog koncepta urbane sredine i izvidničkih
postrojbi, taktika i tehnika kojima se ove postrojbe koriste te daje uvid u budućnost ove
tematike. Izvidničke postrojbe tijekom povijesti su bile u nekom obliku sastavni dio svake
vojne organizacije, a njihova zadaća je prikupljanje što je više moguće informacija o
neprijatelju time podupirući glavninu snaga za odrađivanje zadaće. Najzahtjevniji teren u
kojemu mogu odrađivati svoje zadaće je urbani teren koji donosi velik broj izazova i pruža
gotovo neograničen broj faktora koji mogu ugroziti same postrojbe tokom njihova djelovanja,
bilo radi samog terena ili neprijateljskih snaga koje također djeluju na njemu. U radu je
provedena analiza dostupne vojne doktrine, stručnih članaka, izvještaja i videozapisa iz
suvremenih sukoba. Analiza jasno ukazuje na važnost ovakvih postrojbi u vojnim
djelovanjima tijekom povijesti pa sve do danas te naglašava izazovnost urbanog terena i
njegova utjecaja na izvidničke postrojbe.This paper examines the operations of reconnaissance units in urban warfare. The aim of the
study is to explore the subject in depth and provide insights into the historical background and
concept of urban environments and reconnaissance forces, as well as the tactics and
techniques employed by these units. Additionally, it offers a perspective on the future
development of this field. Throughout history, reconnaissance units have been an integral part
of every military organization, with their primary task being the collection of as much
information as possible about the enemy, thereby supporting the main forces in accomplishing
their missions. The most challenging environment for these units is the urban terrain, which
presents numerous challenges and an almost unlimited number of factors that can threaten
their operations whether due to the complexity of the environment itself or enemy forces
operating within it. This study includes an analysis of available military doctrines,
professional articles, reports, and video recordings from contemporary conflicts. The analysis
clearly highlights the importance of these units in military operations from historical times to
the present day, while emphasizing the unique challenges posed by urban terrain and its
impact on reconnaissance forces
Detection, identification and tracking of adversary artillery systems and positions
No full textSposobnost otkrivanja i identifikacije protivničkih topničkih položaja ključna je za moderni rat,
jer omogućuje učinkovitije obrambene i napadačke strategije. Ovaj rad istražuje različite
metode otkrivanja, uključujući termalnu i vizualnu sliku, satelitske snimke, akustičko i
seizmičko otkrivanje, infracrveno osjetilo, radarske sustave te napredne tehnologije poput
izviđanja pomoću dronova i fuzije senzora. Svaka metoda ima svoje jedinstvene prednosti i
ograničenja, a u mnogim slučajevima se integriraju različiti sustavi kako bi se poboljšala točnost
otkrivanja. Rezultati analize pokazali su da nijedna metoda nije univerzalna ni potpuno
pouzdana u svim uvjetima, već da najveću učinkovitost daje kombinirana primjena više
senzorskih tehnologija. Usporedbom metoda u obliku tabličnog prikaza utvrđeno je da metode
poput radarskog i infracrvenog izviđanja nude visoku preciznost, dok su seizmičke i zvučne
metode korisne u zaklonjenim i teže dostupnim područjima. Naglašena je važnost integracije
podataka iz više izvora (fuzije senzora) kao ključnog čimbenika za pravovremeno i precizno
određivanje protivničkih položaja. Predviđa se daljnji razvoj tehnologije, osobito u smjeru
automatizacije, primjene umjetne inteligencije i poboljšanja mobilnih senzorskih platformi.The ability to detect and identify enemy artillery positions is crucial in modern warfare, as it
enables more effective defensive and offensive strategies. This paper explores various detection
methods, including thermal and visual imaging, satellite imagery, acoustic and seismic
detection, infrared sensing, radar systems, and advanced technologies such as drone
reconnaissance and sensor fusion. Each method has its own unique advantages and limitations,
and in many cases, different systems are integrated to improve detection accuracy. The analysis
results showed that no single method is universal or completely reliable under all conditions;
rather, the highest efficiency is achieved through the combined application of multiple sensor
technologies. A comparative table of methods revealed that techniques such as radar and
infrared reconnaissance offer high precision, while seismic and acoustic methods are useful in
covered and hard-to-reach areas. The importance of integrating data from multiple sources
(sensor fusion) is emphasized as a key factor for timely and accurate determination of enemy
positions. Further technological development is anticipated, particularly in the direction of
automation, the application of artificial intelligence, and the improvement of mobile sensor
platforms
Rhodesia in the security and political context: A case study of the Rhodesian Light Infantry
No full textZavršni rad na temu Rodezija u sigurnosnom i političkom kontekstu: studija slučaja lakog
pješaštva izrađen je s ciljem boljeg razumijevanja političkog, sigurnosnog, geopolitičkog,
ekonomskog i ratnog konteksta na teritoriju južnog dijela afričkog kontinenta u hladnoratovskom
razdoblju od 1960-ih do 1980-ih. Rad pobliže pojašnjava proces dekolonizacije Afrike i zbivanja
na primjeru bivše, nepriznate države Rodezije s posebnim fokusom na taktički element uporabe
rodezijskih vojnih snaga osobito lakog pješaštva.
Analizira se povijest nastanka države, unutarnja zbivanja kroz različita vremenska razdoblja i
okolnosti, opisuju se razni politički akteri tog vremena, prateće kontroverze i utjecaj drugih
država južne Afrike. Posebno se proučavaju taktičke inovacije i implementacije rodezijske
vojske i oružanih snaga te njihova učinkovitost.
Istraživanjem segmenata poput samoodrživosti, efikasnosti i sposobnosti rodezijskih pješačkih
snaga povlače se paralele s daljnjim razvojem roda pješaštva, utvrđuju se naučene lekcije i
razmatraju mogućnosti primjene tih taktika. Cilj rada jest evaluirati važnost sigurnosne i
političke situacije u južnoj Africi u ovom razdoblju te procijeniti zašto je došlo do kasnijeg
raspleta događaja uključujući nestanak države.The thesis titled Rhodesia in the Security and Political Context: A Case Study of Light Infantry
has been written with the aim of achieving a deeper understanding of the political, security,
geopolitical, economic, and wartime context in the territory of Southern African continent during
the Cold War period from the 1960s to the 1980s. The thesis provides an in-depth analysis of
African decolonization and events through the example of the former unrecognized state of
Rhodesia, with a particular focus on the tactical employment of Rhodesian military forces,
especially light infantry.
The paper analyzes the history of the state’s formation, internal developments across various
time periods and circumstances, describes key political actors of the era, associated
controversies, and the influence of other Southern African states. Special attention is given to
tactical innovations and the implementation of methods by the Rhodesian Army and armed
forces, as well as their operational effectiveness.
Through the examination of elements such as sustainability, combat effectiveness, and
capabilities of Rhodesian infantry units, parallels are drawn with the later development of the
infantry branch. The thesis identifies key lessons learned and explores the potential applicability
of these tactics both then and now. The objective of the study is to evaluate the significance of the
security and political situation in Southern Africa during this period and to assess the causes
behind the eventual outcome of events, including the dissolution of the state