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Gulf War Syndrome, Causes and Consequences
No full textPrvi zaljevski rat obilježio je početak suvremenog ratovanja u kompleksnom kemijsko, biološko,
radiološko, nuklearno (u nastavku: KBRN) kontaminiranom okruženju. Iz tog rata nastaje tzv.
sindrom Zaljevskog rata među veteranima koji su sudjelovali u njemu jer nisu imali dovoljno
razvijene taktike, tehnike i procedure KBRN obrane za prevenciju i izbjegavanje KBRN noksi, a
posebno za detekciju, prvu pomoć te fizičku zaštitu. Sindrom Zaljevskog rata predstavlja
najistaknutiji zdravstveni problem koji pogađa veterane Zaljevskog rata. To je ozbiljno stanje s
više simptoma koje pogađa najmanje četvrtinu od 697 000 američkih veterana. Neki od
problema koji se najčešće pojavljuju su problemi s pamćenjem i koncentracijom, kronične
glavobolje, raširena bol, gastrointestinalni problemi te razni drugi problemi koji se ne mogu
dobro objasniti utvrđenim dijagnozama.The First Gulf War marked the beginning of modern warfare in the complex chemical,
biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) contaminated environment. From that war arose the
so-called Gulf War Syndrome/Illness among the veterans who participated in it due to
insufficient tactics, techniques and procedures of the CBRN defense for the prevention and
avoidance of CBRN toxins, especially for detection, first aid and physical protection. Gulf War
Syndrome/Illness is the most prominent health problem affecting Gulf War veterans. It is a
serious, multi-symptom condition that affects at least a quarter of 697.000 U.S. veterans. Some
of the problems which occur most often are issues with memory and concentration, chronic
headaches, widespread pain, gastrointestinal problems and various other problems that cannot be
well explained by established diagnoses
Stabilization Operations and Peace Support Operations
No full textU završnom radu analizirane su stabilizacijske operacije i operacije potpore miru, kako bi se
prikazala kompleksnost provedbe, čimbenici koji uvjetuju uspješnost operacija i doprinos vojne
sastavnice taktičke razine. Detaljnije je opisana povijest neborbenih misija, koji su dokumenti
temeljni za njihovo pokretanje te kojih se načela treba pridržavati u provedbi ovih operacija.
Nadalje, objašnjeno je operativno okružje koje stvara potrebu za neborbenim operacijama,
njegove prijetnje i zahtjeve te koja su obilježja stabilizacijskih operacija i operacija potpore miru.
U radu su na praktičnim primjerima predstavljene najvažnije osobine operacija potpore miru i
stabilizacijskih operacija iz Afganistana koje ujedno i ukazuju na probleme država kojima se
pruža ili traže pomoć međunarodne zajednice kroz provedbu operacija potpore miru i
stabilizacijskih operacija. Doprinos i uloga vojne sastavnice u operacijama potpore miru i
stabilizacijskim operacijama, na taktičkoj razini, pojašnjen je kroz pregled dodijeljenih zadaća i
aktivnosti.The final paper analyzes stabilization operations and peace support operations, in order to show
the complexity of implementation, the factors that determine the success of operations and the
contribution of the military component at the tactical level. More specifically, the history of noncombat operations is described, which documents are fundamental for their launch, and the
principles that should be adhered to in these verified operations. Furthermore, the operational
environment that creates the need for non-combat operations, its threats and requirements that
are features of stabilization operations and peace support operations are explained. The paper
uses practical examples from peace support and stabilization operations in Afghanistan, which
also depicts certain problems of the states using or requiring international community assistance
through peace support and stabilization operations. The contribution and role of the military
component in peace support and stabilization operations, at the tactical level, is clarified through
an overview of assigned tasks and activities
Prisoners of War in Armed Conflicts
No full textZavršni rad obrađuje specifičnost ratnih zarobljenika u relevantnim ratovima 20. i 21. stoljeća. U
početnom dijelu rada polažu se pravni temelji – oni temeljeni na međunarodnom ratnom pravu te
nizom sporazuma i konvencija. Središnji dio fokusira se na povijesni pregled uloge, značaja i
položaja ratnih zarobljenika kroz oba svjetska rata, kao i u sukobima koji su rezultirali raspadom
bivše SFRJ, gdje će Domovinski rat (1991. - 1995.) uživati posebnu pozornost. Zadnji dio rada
bavi se trenutnom tematikom – ruskom invazijom Ukrajine, te razjašnjava dosadašnja tretiranja
ratnih zarobljenika s obje strane sukoba. Zaključak, koji se nalazi na kraju rada, ima dvojaku
ulogu: osim što daje kratki rezime cijelog rada, također pruža i autorova promišljanja o tematici,
kao i predviđanja za budućnost razvoja zajedničkih napora k boljem tretiranju ratnih
zarobljenika.The final paper deals with the specificity of prisoners of war in the relevant wars of the 20th and
21st century. The initial part of the paper lays the legal foundations - those based on international
law of war and a series of agreements and conventions. The central part focuses on the historical
overview of the role, significance and position of prisoners of war through both world wars, as
well as in the conflicts that resulted from the disintegration of Yugoslavia, where the Homeland
War (1991-1995) will be in the highlight. The last part of the paper deals with the current topic -
the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and clarifies the hitherto treatment of prisoners of war on both
sides of the conflict. The conclusion, which is at the end of the paper, has a dual role: in addition
to giving a brief summary of the entire paper, it also provides the author's reflections on the
topic, as well as predictions for future joint efforts to better treat prisoners of war
Tactics and Technologies of World War II and Comparison with Today's Warfare
No full textZavršni rad u uvodnom dijelu opisuje razvoj vojne taktike u Drugom svjetskom ratu te navodi i
ukratko opisuje taktike koje se danas koriste u modernom ratovanju. U glavnom dijelu detaljnije
su razrađene povijesno korištene taktike, poput Blitzkriega, Aufstragtaktik i ostalih. Ističu se
njihove mane i prednosti te se daju konkretni primjeri primjene samih ratnih taktika. Također se
provodi paralelna usporedba tadašnjih taktika s taktikama koje se koriste u modernom ratovanju i
urbanim sredinama. Kod usporedbe su u fokusu i tehnologije koje su bile dostupne u tom
razdoblju te u današnjem ratovanju te njihov utjecaj na provedbu ratnih operacija. Prikazane su
sličnosti i razlike te je izložena diskusija – u kojoj je mjeri proučavanje prijašnjih ratnih taktika
pomoglo u usavršavanju današnjih. U zaključku se nalaze argumentirani stavovi o prednostima
koje donosi razvoj tehnologije u primjeni određenih taktika, ali i mogućnosti poboljšanja iste uz
pomoć izučavanja ratnih taktika korištenih u Drugom svjetskom ratu.The final paper in the introductory part describes the development of military tactics in the
Second World War and lists and briefly describes the tactics used today in modern warfare. In
the main part, historically used tactics, such as Blitzkrieg, Aufstragtaktik and others, are
elaborated in more detail, their disadvantages and advantages are pointed out, and concrete
examples of the application of war tactics are given. A parallel comparison of the tactics of the
time with the tactics used in modern warfare and urban environments is also conducted. The
comparison also focuses on the technologies that were available in that period and in today's war,
and their impact on conducting military operations. Similarities and differences are presented,
and a discussion is laid out - to what extent the study of previous war tactics has helped to
improve todays. In conclusion, there are both author’s personal views and those of experts on the
matter, both reinforced with arguments, on the benefits of technology development in the
application of certain tactics, but also the possibility of improving it through the study of war
tactics used in World War II
Manipulation of Photography as Part of War Propaganda
No full textFotografija je kroz povijest nerijetko bila manipulativno sredstvo u različitim aspektima života
pa tako i u ratu. Kako je rat mnogo više od fizičkog nasilja, odnosno korištenja oružane sile, u
radu se analizira fotografija kao manipulativno sredstvo, odnosno sredstvo za širenje ratne
propagande. Najprije se definira ratna propaganda, a onda i manipuliranje fotografijom. U radu
su dani su i primjeri širenja ratne propagande putem manipulacija fotografijama u različitim
oružanim sukobima diljem svijeta. Analizira se učinak ratne propagande kroz manipuliranje
fotografijom u konkretnim primjerima. U zaključku rada daje se etički osvrt kako na dane
primjere pojedinačno, tako i na ratnu propagandu i manipuliranje fotografijom općenito.Photography has always been a manipulative tool in many aspects of life, including war. We are
aware of the fact that war is not only an armed conflict, but it is much more than just physical
violence. From the very birth of a man until his death, most of the time the man is a victim of
manipulation. The fact is that visualization is the intentional creation of a mental image or the
image in the mind, in that regard, we know that we are surrounded by advertisements,
photographs, and other forms of visual manipulation. In addition to photographs, the media use
different forms of propaganda, especially in warfare when it is evident that propaganda has a
large impact on the further course of the war. This paper will present different manipulative
effects and forms of propaganda which we encounter daily, with an emphasis on those present
during the conflict
Early Warning Analysis - Basic Features and Applications
No full textPrioritetni cilj obavještajne zajednice je pravovoremeno informirati i upozoriti. Proteklo
desetljeće na Balkanu, popraćeno nestabilnostima i sukobima, daje nam jasnu pouku- Rano
upozorenje o nadolazećim krizama je od vitalnog značaja za ispravno postupanje prema
nadolazećim krizama. Ipak, znati kako i kada je najbolje uključiti se u novonastalu krizu,
kompleksno je i iziskuje stvaranje situacijske svjesnosti te brzo predviđanje budućih ishoda. Na
temelju neuspjelih i zakašnjelih reakcija, mnoga tijela kao što su; međunarodne organiazcije,
Ujedinjeni Narodi, Europska komisija shvatili su važnost ulaganja u sustave ranog upozorenja.
Ova inicijativa posebice se ističe u NATO Savezu koji je razvitkom Indications and Warning/
Indikatori i upozorba na ugrozu (I&W) metodologije stvorio i utemeljio prvu barijeru protiv
strateškog iznenađenja. Metodom je osigurano dovoljno vremena za pripremu, analizu i
planiranje odgovora na krize. Današnja kompleknost sigurnosnog okružja ukazuje na nužnost
daljnje adaptacije indikatora ugroza, jednako kao i kreiranje novih reformi unutar analize ranog
upozorenja.The priority goal of the intelligence community is to inform and warn in a timely manner. The
past decade in the Balkans, accompanied by instabilities and conflicts, has given us a clear
lesson- Early warning of impending crises is vital to dealing with impending crises. However,
knowing how and when it is best to get involved in a new crisis is complex and requires creating
situational awareness and quickly predicting future outcomes. Based on failed and delayed
reactions, many bodies such as; international organizations, the United Nations, the European
Commission have realized the importance of investing in early warning systems. This initiative
stands out in particular in NATO, which has created and established the first barrier against
strategic surprise by developing Indications and Warning (I&W) methodology. The method
provides enough time to prepare, analyze and plan crisis responses. Today's complexity of the
security environment indicates the need to further adapt the threat indicators, as well as to create
new reforms within the early warning analysis
German Army between Two World Wars
No full textNakon završetka Prvog svjetskog rata, njemačka vojska i njene vođe snosili su potpunu krivicu
za sva ratna događanja. Njemačkoj su nametnute financijske sankcije, vojna ograničenja i
mnoge druge mjere koje su sputavale njemačku vojsku od ponovnog uspona. Usprkos tome, u
Drugom svjetskom ratu, Hitler je sa svojom vojskom osvojio Europu u vrlo kratkom vremenu.
Najprije će detaljno biti istraženo, a zatim i pojašnjeno kako je njemačka vojska iz potpunog
sloma nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, u Drugom svjetskom ratu gotovo potpuno pokorila Europu i
preokrenula sve u svoju korist. Većinski dio završnog rata bit će o tzv. međuraću kada su se
odvila sva bitna događanja koja su utjecala na konačni ishod.After the end of the First World War, the German army and its leaders bore the complete blame
for all the war events. Financial sanctions, military restrictions and many other measures were
imposed on Germany, which prevented the German army from re-emerging. Nevertheless, in
World War II, Hitler conquered Europe with his army in a very short time. It will be investigated
in detail first, and then it will be explained how the German army from the complete collapse
after the First World War in the Second World War almost completely conquered Europe and
turned everything to its advantage. Most of the final work will be about the so-called interwar
period when all the important events that influenced the final outcome took place
Operations Planning and Staff Operations during Homeland War and at the Present Time
No full textOvaj diplomski rad kritički istražuje povijesni razvoj planiranja operacija Hrvatske
vojske u Domovinskom ratu, te ga uspoređuje sa suvremenim načinom i procedurama
planiranja. Autor analizira i ključne promjene u ustroju, organizaciji i radu stožera koje
su pratile evoluciju načina planiranja operacija u sadašnji model.
Rad je koncipiran u tri poglavlja te započinje kronološkim pregledom planiranja
operacija s fokusom na period Domovinskog rata, preko tranzicijskog perioda do
prelaska na sadašnji model koji je u uporabi nakon ulaska u Sjevernoatlantski savez. U
radu su istražene i detaljno opisane značajke planiranja kroz kategorije, razine, procese i
produkte planiranja, kroz različite vremenske stadije, trendove i promjene u načinu
planiranja operacija u Hrvatskoj vojsci.This thesis critically explores historical development of operations planning in Croatian
army during the Homeland war and compares it with cotemporary model and planning
procedures. Thesis author also analyzes the key changes in staff organization and
procedures that followed the evolution of the operations planning into the current
model.
Thesis is conceived in three chapters, beginning with chronological review of the
operations planning with a focus on the period of the Homeland War, through the
transition period, until the transition to the current model that has been in use since
accession to NATO. Moreover, it explores and describes in detail the features of
planning through categories, levels, processes and planning products, through various
time stages, trends and changes of operations planning in the Croatian Army
Intrusion Detection and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)
No full textRad se bavi sustavima za detekciju i prevenciju upada koji su postali neobilazni dio sigurnosti
modernih informacijskih sustava. Razvoj današnjih sustava i njihova dostupnost sve većem broju
korisnika je omogućila bržu i umreženiju razmjenu informacija koje su ponekad eksploatirane
zbog svoje važnosti. Opasnosti koje takve eksploatacije kriju, ako nisu identificirane i uklonjene,
mogu imati izuzetno negativne utjecaje na razne aspekte, kako poslovanja, tako i svakodnevnog
života. Statistike govore da se svakih nekoliko sekunda negdje događa kibernetički napad, šteta
počinjena s njihove strane se broji u trilijunima američkih dolara i raste svakim danom. Sukladno
tome, sustavi za detekciju i prevenciju su nam važni zato što posjeduju mogućnosti smanjenja
utjecaja takvih napada na svakodnevni tok informacija i podataka.The study deals with intrusion and prevention systems that have become an indispensable part of
the security of modern information systems. The development of today's systems and their
availability to an increasing number of users has enabled a faster and more networked exchange
of information that is sometimes exploited because of its importance. The dangers that such
exploits hide, if they are not identified and removed, can have extreme negative impacts on
various aspects of both business and everyday life. Statistics show that every few seconds a
cyber attack occurs somewhere, the damage caused by them is counted in trillions of US dollars
and grows every day. Accordingly, detection and prevention systems are important to us because
they have the ability to reduce the impact of such attacks on the daily flow of information and
data
Impact of Weapons of Mass Destruction and CBRN Decontamination on the Ecosystem
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je prikazati kakav učinak ima NBK (nuklearno, biološko, kemijsko)
oružje, te RBK (radiološko, biološko, kemijska) dekontaminacija na ekosustav.
U prvom djelu rada je definiran ekosustav. Ekosustav je osnovna organizacijska jedinica prirode
u kojoj su živa bića i njihov neživi okoliš prostorno i vremenski integrirani protokom energije i
kružnim tokovima tvari. Ekosustav posjeduje svojstvene informacijske sadržaje, sposobnost
samoorganizacije, samoobnove i samoodržanja. U ovom radu će se sistematski prikazati utjecaj
ovih oružja i RBK dekontaminacije, konkretno na ekosustav i njegove sastavnice.
Oružja za masovno uništavanje imaju najjači učinak na okoliš od sveg postojećeg oružja. Ona
mogu prouzročiti, primjerice, narušenu ekološku ravnotežu u okolišu (biološko oružje), golemo
onečišćenje (kemijsko oružje) ili pak potpuno uništavanje okoliša (nuklearno oružje). Stoga je
primjereno da se ta oružja, kao i mogućnosti potrebne sposobnosti u području nuklearno
biološko kemijske obrane, sagledaju i s aspekta zaštite okoliša.
RBK dekontaminacija je skup mjera i postupaka koji se poduzimaju u cilju uklanjanja
radioaktivnih tvari, uklanjanja ili neutralizacije bojnih otrova i toksičnih industrijskih kemikalija
te uklanja ili uništavanja bioloških agensa. RBK dekontaminacija ima izuzetno snažan utjecaj na
ekosustav ukoliko se provodi nepravilno i s ekološki neprihvatljivim dekontaminantima. Stoga je
važno u provedbi dekontaminacije poznavati ekosustav, njegove značajke i vrste
dekontaminanata.The aim of this final paper is to show the effects of CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological,
nuclear) weapons and CBRN decontamination on the ecosystem.
In the first part of this paper, the ecosystem is defined. The ecosystem has its own information
content, the ability of self-organization, self-renewal and self-maintenance. This paper will
systematically show the impacts of these weapons and RBK decontamination, specifically on the
ecosystem and its components.
Weapons of mass destruction have the strongest effect on the environment of all existing
weapons. They can cause, for example, a disturbed ecological balance in the environment
(biological weapons), enormous pollution (chemical weapons) or complete destruction of the
environment (nuclear weapons). Therefore, it is appropriate that these weapons, as well as the
possibilities of the necessary capabilities in the field of nuclear biological chemical defense, are
also viewed from the aspect of environmental protection.
CBRN decontamination is a set of measures and procedures undertaken with the aim of
removing radioactive substances, removing or neutralizing war poisons and toxic industrial
chemicals, and removing or destroying biological agents. CBRN decontamination has an
extremely strong impact on the ecosystem if it is carried out improperly and with
environmentally unacceptable decontaminants. Therefore, it is important to know the ecosystem,
its features and types of decontaminants in the implementation of decontamination