Repository of Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"
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The Falklands War in 1982
No full textFalklandski rat kulminacija je više od 150 godina političkih i diplomatskih previranja između
Argentine i Velike Britanije koje nisu razriješeni ni dan danas. Dok se Velika Britanija poziva na
pravo samoodređenja prema kojem su stanovnici otočja odabrali ostati dio Velike Britanije,
Argentina čvrsto tvrdi da je takva struktura stanovništva rezultat britanske prisilne okupacije te
poziva na dekolonizaciju Malvina i prijenos suvereniteta nad otočjem Argentini. Iako su
pregovori o suverenitetu nad Falklandskim/Malvinskim otočjem trajali godinama prije izbijanja
sukoba, sama vojna invazija iznenadila je Veliku Britaniju koja nije očekivala da će se Argentina
usuditi napasti veliku svjetsku silu kao što je ona. Zauzvrat, Argentinu je iznenadio žestok
odgovor Britanaca na zauzimanje otočja, a sam sukob ozbiljno je utjecao na politiku obje države
te njihove buduće odnose.The Falklands War is the culmination of more than 150 years of political and diplomatic turmoil
between Argentina and Great Britain that have not been resolved to this day. While the UK
invokes the right of self-determination under which the inhabitants of the islands have chosen to
remain part of the UK, Argentina firmly argues that such a population structure is the result of
the British forced occupation and calls for the decolonisation of the Malvinas and the transfer of
sovereignty over the islands to Argentina. Although sovereignty negotiations over the
Falklands/Malvinas islands took place for years before the conflict erupted, the military invasion
itself surprised the UK which did not expect Argentina to dare to attack a major world power like
itself. In return, Argentina was caught by surprise by the fierce British response to their invasion
of the islands, and the conflict itself seriously affected the politics of both countries and their
future relations
Possibilities of Reducing the Harmful Effects of Engine Oils on the Environment
No full textU ovom radu se analizira utjecaj na okoliš te problematika skladištenja i odlaganja rabljenih
motornih ulja. Rabljena motorna ulja su vrlo opasan otpad te su stoga zakonskim mjerama
svrstana u posebnu kategoriju otpada koja zahtjeva posebne mjere i radnje kako bi se isti
zbrinjavao. Razlog tome je taj što motorna ulja imaju veliki kapacitet za onečišćenje, a spojevi
koji se nalaze u rabljenim motornim uljima su kancerogeni te mogu izazvati probleme po
stanovništvo ukoliko se neadekvatno zbrinjavaju. Motorna ulja se razlikuju po načinu
proizvodnje, a glavna podjela je na mineralna, polusintetička ili sintetička motorna ulja. Ovo su
tri glavne vrste motornih ulja, a svaka od ove tri glavne vrste ima svoje podvrste. Budući da se
motorna ulja troše tijekom uporabe, potrebno ih je mijenjati, a njihovo odlaganje i skladištenje je
potrebno provoditi po strogo propisanim procedurama budući da je riječ o opasnom otpadu.
Budući da rabljena motorna ulja mogu izazvati velika zagađenja, intenzivno se diljem svijeta
radi na načinima kako osigurati da se svaka kap iskorištenog motornog ulja reciklira i preradi, a
osim oporabe motornog ulja, radi se i na tome da se smanji negativan utjecaj motornih ulja na
okoliš.This thesis analyzes environmental impacts and the problem of storage and disposal of used
motor oils. Used motor oils are hazardous waste and therefore, legally, they are classified in a
special category of waste that requires special measures and actions to dispose it. The reason for
this is that motor oils have a large capacity for pollution, and the compounds found in used
motor oils are carcinogenic and can cause problems for the population if they are not adequately
disposed of. Motor oils differ according to the method of production, and the main classification
of oils is into mineral, semi-synthetic or synthetic motor oils. These are the three main types of
motor oils, and each of these three main types has its own sub-types. Since motor oils are
consumed during use, they need to be changed, and their disposal and storage must be carried
out according to strictly prescribed procedures, since it is a matter of hazardous waste. Since
used motor oils can cause significant pollution, intensive work is being done all over the world
on ways to ensure that every drop of used motor oil is recycled and processed, and in addition to
the recovery of motor oil, work is also being done to reduce the negative impact of motor oils on
the environment
The Management of IT Services in the Defense Area
No full textRad se temelji na prikazu samog upravljanja IT uslugama, gdje se pobliže opisuje ITSM, te
njegov utjecaj na poslovanje i njegov napredak, za dobrobit same strukture IT-a. Kako bi se
završni rad bolje razumio, dodatno su opisani okviri i standardi koji se koriste u IT-u. Nadalje,
glavni dio završnog rada, vezan za koncept upravljanja IT uslugama u oružanim snagama SAD-a
fokusirano na obrambeno područje, gdje se detaljno opisuje općenito upravljanje i strategija
oružanih snaga SAD-a, te na koji način ITSM utječe a vojsku i koja je svrha korištenja IT usluga
u vojsci i strateške komponente koje su potrebne za pružanje fokusiranog i svrsishodnog okvira
za upravljanje uslugama.The work is based on the demonstration of the IT services itself, where ITSM is described, and
its impact on business and its progress, for the well-being of the IT structure itself. In order to
better understand the final work, the frameworks and standards used in IT are further described.
Furthermore, the main part of the final work, relating to the concept of IT services in the US
Armed Forces focused on the defence area, describes in detail the general management and
strategy of the US armed forces, and how ITSM affects the military and which is the purpose of
using IT services in the military and strategic components needed to provide a focused and
purposeful service framework
Military Reconnaissance and Surveillance Satellite Systems
No full textDanašnji svijet bio bi nezamisliv bez satelitskih komunikacija. Satelitski komunikacijski sustavi
postali su bitan dio svjetske telekomunikacijske infrastrukture, opslužujući milijarde ljudi
internetskim, podatkovnim, video, telefonskim i navigacijskim uslugama. Unatoč rastu optičkih
veza koje imaju puno veći kapacitet od satelitskih sustava i nižu cijenu po bitu, potrebne su nove
tehnologije u ključnim područjima ljudske djelatnosti, a satelitski sustavi nastavljaju neprestano
napredovati i ulaganja u takve nove sustave su danas sve veća. Geostacionarni sateliti (GEO) su
ostvarili većinu usluga u 2018., jer korištenje fiksnih antena velikog dobitka na zemaljskim
postajama maksimalno povećava kapacitet satelita. Tijekom godina, postojao je trend
udaljavanja od glavnih komunikacija korištenjem vrlo velikih antena zemaljskih stanica prema
isporuci s moćnijih satelita pojedinačnim korisnicima s mnogo manjim antenama. VSAT (Very
Small Aperture Terminal) mreže koje koriste male antene i odašiljače male snage popularne su
za povezivanje mnogih lokacija u jednu organizaciju. Sateliti u niskim i srednjim orbitama (LEO
i MEO) koriste se za mobilne komunikacije i navigacijske sustave, a kako potreba za
informacijskim sustavima raste s raznim aplikacijama, LEO sateliti za snimanje Zemlje imaju
potencijal za stvaranje snažnih tokova prihoda. Pristup internetu putem satelita vjerojatno će biti
najveći sektor industrije do 2025. godine. Zbog svih tih karakteristika, sposobnosti satelita za
izviđanje i nadzor u današnje vrijeme omogućuju zapovjednicima prikupljanje informacija i
podataka koji mogu biti od velike važnosti za budućnost vojske i vođenje ratnih operacija.Today’s world would be unthinkable without satellite communications. Satellite communication
systems have become an essential part of the world's telecommunications infrastructure, serving
billions of people through internet, data, video, telephone, and navigation services. Despite the
growth of optical connections that have much higher capacity than satellite systems and lower
cost per bit, new technologies are needed in key areas of human activity, satellite systems
continue to thrive and investment in such new systems is increasing today. Geostationary
satellites (GEO) achieved most of the services in 2018 because the use of fixed high-gain
antennas on earth stations maximizes the capacity of satellites. Over the years, there has been a
trend away from major communications using very large earth station antennas toward
delivering from more powerful satellites to individual users with much smaller antennas. VSAT
(Very Small Aperture Terminal) networks that use small antennas and low power transmitters
are popular for connecting many locations into one organization. Satellites in low and medium
Earth orbits (LEO and MEO) are used for mobile communications and navigation systems, and
as the need for information systems grows with various applications, LEO Earth-imaging
satellites have the potential to generate strong revenue streams. Satellite internet access is likely
to be the largest sector of the industry by 2025. Because of all these characteristics, the
capabilities of satellites for reconnaissance and surveillance nowadays allow commanders to
gather information and data that can be of great importance for the future of the military
War Crimes in Srebrenica
No full textSredišnja tema rada su zločini počinjeni u Srebrenici u Bosni i Hercegovini. Autor se
odlučio za ovu temu kako bi prikazao nehumana događanja i propuste kojih ima u svakom
ratu, pa ih je tako bilo i u ratu u Bosni i Hercegovini. Autor se u radu fokusira na prikaz
ključnih događaja koji su rezultirali ratom na području Bosne i Hercegovine nakon raspada
Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije (dalje u tekstu: Jugoslavija). Poseban
naglasak stavljen je na zločine počinjene tijekom rata u Bosni i Hercegovini, a uz, brojne
ratne zločine okosnicu čini genocid počinjen u Srebrenici. U radu se donosi kronologija
događaja u Srebrenici, analiziraju se činjenice oko pada „sigurne zone” i nastoji ustanoviti
kakva je bila uloga Ujedinjenih naroda u Srebrenici. Posebnu pozornost autor je posvetio
tjednu u kojem je počinjen masovni zločin u kojem je ubijeno 8000 ljudi. Naglasak je na
ulozi Vojske Republike Srpske i njezina čelnika Ratka Mladića u zločinu čiji je cilj bio
istrijebiti sve muškarce u Srebrenici. Posljednji dio rada daje kratak pregled aktualne
situacije u Srebrenici i Bosni i Hercegovini općenito. Autor želi istaknuti kako je ovo
najveći zločin koji se dogodio na području Europe nakon Drugog svjetskog rata.The central theme of the paper is the crimes committed in Srebrenica in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The author decided on this topic to present the inhumane events and
omissions that occur in every war and in the war that took place in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, and the author focuses on the key events that resulted in the war in Bosnia
and Herzegovina. Herzegovina after the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia (hereinafter: Yugoslavia). Special emphasis was placed on crimes committed
during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the backbone, along with numerous war
crimes, is the genocide committed against Srebrenica. The paper describes the chronology
of events in Srebrenica, ie analyzes the facts surrounding the fall of the "safe zone", and
seeks to establish the role of the United Nations in Srebrenica. The author pays special
attention to the one in which a mass crime was committed in which 8,000 people were
killed, with special emphasis on the role of the Army of Republika Srpska and its leader
Ratko Mladic in a crime aimed at exterminating all men in Srebrenica. The last part of the
paper gives a brief overview of the current situation in Srebrenica and Bosnia and
Hercegovina in general. The author wants to point out that this is the greatest crime that
took place in Europe after the Second World War
Simulation Model of the Logistic Support of Maintanance for Selected Weapon Set
No full textOdržavanje je ključ produljenja vijeka trajanja tehničkih sredstava i osiguranja njihove
funkcionalnosti. Ovaj rad započinje opisom osnovne podjele održavanja i ustanove u kojima se
ono vrši. Potom se objašnjavaju vrste i podjele simulacijskih modela te se odabire program za
računalne simulacije kojim će se prikazati proces održavanja minobacača, a na temelju
prikupljenih informacija će se odraditi simulacija i analizirati rezultati. Na kraju ovog rada je
prikazano nekoliko opcija za reorganizaciju procesa te njihov opis i mogućnost implementacije u
stvarni proces.Maintenance is the key to extending the life of technical devices and ensuring their functionality.
This paper begins with a description of the basic division of maintenance and the institutions in
which it is performed. Then the types and divisions of simulation models are explained and a
program for computer simulations is selected, which will show the process of maintaining
mortars, and based on the collected information, a simulation will be performed and the results
analyzed. At the end of this paper, several options for process reorganization and their
description and possibility of implementation in the actual process are presented
Sports-related Arm and Shoulder Injuries and Their Rehabilitation
No full textU ovom radu bit će obrađene ozljede ramena i ruke, konkretno teniski lakat i subakromijalni
sindrom sraza ramena. Prvo će biti opisana struktura ljudskog tijela, zatim vezivna tkiva s
posebnim naglaskom na tetive i općenito o mišićima i kosturu te zglobovima. Nadalje će zasebno
biti opisano svako od stanja te će svaka bolest biti opisana od toga što je ona, preko toga kako ona
nastaje i kako se dijagnosticira a na kraju poglavlja možda i najbitnije kakvim metodama se
pacijenta može dovesti ponovno u funkciju i koliko su one uspješne. Na samom kraju rada bit će
opisane specifičnosti i epidemiologija ozljeda u vojnom sustavu, u operacijama kao što su Irak i
Afganistan te kakva je uloga vojnih fizioterapeuta.Topics that will be covered in this master's thesis are elbow and shoulder injuries, specifically
tennis elbow and subacromial impingement syndrom. Firstly, structure of a human body will be
described, followed by connective tissue with speical emphasis on tendons, then something in
general will be said about msucles, bones and joints. After that each of the injuries will be
described separately and in detail starting with questions like what that condition really is, how do
you diagnose it and at the end of chapter perhaps most importantly what methods can be used to
get patient back to function again and how effective they are. In the last chapter of the thesis there
will be specificity and epidemiology of injuries in military system and in operations like Iraq and
Afganistan and then role of the military physiotherapists will be described
Main gun MK44, 30 mm Bushmaster II
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu je opisan top Bushmaster II Mk44 kroz povijest te njegova namjena.
Napravljena je analiza svih sastavnih dijelova topa Mk44 te je to napisano kroz tekst i objašnjeno
kroz slike računalnog modela koji je prethodno napravljen u programu SolidWorks. U
diplomskom radu je opisan i proces ciklusa punjenja topa streljivom kao i proces rastavljanja
topa na njegove sastavne dijelove kao i postojeći indikatori topa. Navedena su i objašnjena
podešavanja punjača i skupljača topa Mk44 te određene procedure koje se provode prije samog
gađanja, te proces punjenja i pražnjenja topa. Navedeni su i objašnjeni neki od mogućih zastoja
na topu kao i vrste streljiva koje koristi sam top Mk44.This thesis describes the Bushmaster II Mk44 cannon throughout history and its purpose. An
analysis of all components of the Mk44 cannon was made, and this was written through text and
explained through images of a computer model previously made in SolidWorks. The diploma
thesis describes the process of the cannon loading cycle with projectiles as well as the process of
disassembling the cannon into its components as well as the existing cannon indicators. The
settings of the Mk44 cannon feeder and receiver are listed and explained, as well as certain
procedures that are carried out before the shooting, as well as the process of loading and
unloading the cannon. Some of the possible delays on the cannon as well as the types of
ammunition used by the Mk44 cannon are listed and explained
The War Between Armenia and Azerbaijan in 2020 – Lessons Learned
No full textThe article identifies lessons learned from the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the
geostrategic context of international relations and politics and in elements influencing
the future of warfare. Namely, Azerbaijan inflicted heavy losses on Armenian troops
practically without the use of conventional aviation.
The Nagorno-Karabakh war is often viewed in an international context through the
prism of distant conflict (far from eyes and far from the heart) or through a label of the
frozen conflict. However, it is unlikely that this conflict, which caused an average of
about 60 deaths a year between 1994 and 2020, leaves men indifferent, despite what
the international community calls a frozen conflict, whose future depends directly on
timely and accurate response of the international community.
It can be said that the view of the subject conflict is still frozen because it is something
that has been happening for so many years, so it has become a part of everyday life that
does not affect a person’s mood.
Therefore, the prevailing opinion is that in this global world, interest must be expressed
in every conflict because it will, in one way or another, affect states and populations,
at least through the dimension of environmental pollution or arrival of refugees.U članku su identificirane lekcije naučene iz sukoba u Gorskom Karabahu u
geostrateškom kontekstu međunarodnih odnosa i politike te u elementima koji utječu
na budućnost ratovanja. Naime, Azerbajdžan je nanio velike gubitke armenskim
postrojbama, praktički bez uporabe konvencionalnog zrakoplovstva.
Rat u Gorskom Karabahu često se u međunarodnom kontekstu promatra kroz prizmu
udaljenog sukoba (daleko od očiju i daleko od srca) ili kroz etiketu zamrznutog sukoba.
No, malo je vjerojatno da ovaj sukob, koji je u razdoblju od 1994. do 2020. u prosjeku
uzrokovao oko 60 smrtnih slučajeva godišnje, ostavlja ljude ravnodušnima, unatoč
tome što ga međunarodna zajednica naziva zamrznutim sukobom, a čija budućnost
izravno ovisi o pravodobnom i točnom odgovoru međunarodne zajednice.
Može se reći da je pogled na predmetni sukob još zamrznut jer je riječ o nečemu što se
događa već mnogo godina, pa je postao dio svakodnevice koji ne utječe na raspoloženje
osobe. Stoga prevladava mišljenje da u ovom globalnom svijetu, u svakom sukobu mora
biti izražen interes jer će on na ovaj ili onaj način utjecati na države i stanovništvo,
barem kroz dimenziju onečišćenja okoliša ili dolaska izbjeglica
