Repository of Croatian Defence Academy "Dr. Franjo Tuđman"
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Application of wireless RFID technology solutions in military logistics systems at the platoon/company level
No full textRFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tehnologija ima značajnu primjenu u vojnim logističkim sustavima omogućujući poboljšanje praćenja i upravljanja resursima. Glavne komponente tehnologije su oznaka s čipom, koja nosi sve podatke zapisane na sebi, čitač i upravljački modul. Oznake s čipovima mogu se pričvrstiti na pojedinu opremu ili kontejner što olakšava lociranje i upravljanje inventarom na terenu. Samim time što je RFID bežična i automatizirana tehnologija smanjuje se mogućnost ljudske pogreške i ubrzava se proces inventarizacije i isporuke. Pružajući mogućnost praćenja inventara i ubrzavanja svih procesa u logističkim sustavima smanjuje se mogućnosti pogreške. Razne vojske diljem svijeta već koriste RFID tehnologiju za praćenje materijala i opreme u svojim logističkim operacijama i time omogućuju bolju koordinaciju i učinkovitost. Implementacija RFID tehnologije u vojnim skladištima može značajno unaprijediti operativnu učinkovitost, upravljanje i raspodjelu resursa.RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has significant applications in military logistics systems enabling improved tracking and management of resources. The main components of the technology are the tag with a chip, which carries all the recorded data, the reader, and the control module. Chip tags can be attached to individual equipment or containers, facilitating the location and management of inventory in the field. Since RFID is a wireless and automated technology, it reduces the possibility of human error and speeds up the inventory and delivery process. By providing the capability to track inventory and accelerate all processes in logistics systems, the chances of error are minimized. Various militaries around the world already use RFID technology to track materials and equipment in their logistics operations, thereby enabling better coordination and efficiency. The implementation of RFID technology in military warehouses can significantly enhance operational efficiency, management, and resource allocation
Detection, prevention and defense against threats and attacks
No full textDetekcija, prevencija i obrana od naprednih prijetnji (APT) potrebni su elementi u održavanju sigurnosti informacijskih sustava i podataka organizacija. APT prijetnje označavaju sofisticirane cyber napade koji su često ciljani, dugotrajni i visoko koordinirani te mogu nanijeti značajnu štetu. Detekcija APT prijetnji zahtijeva napredne tehnologije poput sustava za detekciju prijetnji (IDS) i sustava za upravljanje događajima i informacijskom sigurnošću (SIEM), koji omogućuju kontinuirano praćenje mrežnog prometa i identifikaciju sumnjivih aktivnosti. Prevencija APT napada uključuje implementaciju višeslojne sigurnosne arhitekture, upotrebu naprednih sigurnosnih alata poput firewall-ova, antivirusnih programa i enkripcije podataka te redovito ažuriranje softvera radi zatvaranja sigurnosnih rupa. Obrana od APT prijetnji zahtijeva proaktivni pristup koji obuhvaća edukaciju osoblja o sigurnosnim praksama, provođenje redovitih sigurnosnih provjera i testiranja, kao i suradnju s drugim organizacijama radi dijeljenja informacija o novim prijetnjama i taktikama napadača. Sveobuhvatan pristup kombiniranja detekcije, prevencije i obrane ključan je za uspješno suzbijanje APT prijetnji i zaštitu osjetljivih informacija i infrastrukture.Detection, prevention, and defense against Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are key elements in maintaining the security of organizational information systems and data. APT threats denote sophisticated cyber attacks that are often targeted, prolonged, and highly coordinated, capable of causing significant harm. Detection of APT threats requires advanced technologies such as Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems, enabling continuous monitoring of network traffic and identification of suspicious activities. Prevention of APT attacks involves implementing multi-layered security architectures, utilizing advanced security tools such as firewalls, antivirus programs, and data encryption, as well as regularly updating software to patch security vulnerabilities. Defense against APT threats necessitates a proactive approach involving staff education on security practices, conducting regular security audits and testing, as well as collaboration with other organizations for sharing information on new threats and attacker tactics. A comprehensive approach that combines detection, prevention, and defense is crucial for successfully mitigating APT threats and safeguarding sensitive information and infrastructure
The imperative of equipping modern tanks with active and reactive protection systems
No full textU završnom radu napravljen je pregled najpoznatijih sustava aktivne zaštite te pregled najpoznatijih vrsta ERA. Također su navedeni suvremeni izazovi za tenkove kao što su ručni raketni bacači i protutenkovski vođeni projektili. Na kraju je odrađena kratka usporedba otpornosti tenkova opremljenih sa prethodno navedenim sustavima i bez njih te učinkovitost aktivnih sustava zaštite na primjeru ARENE.
Ključne riječi: aktivni sustavi zaštite, ERA, ručni raketni bacači, protutenkovski vođeni projektili, otpornost tenkova, preživljavanje na bojištu.The final paper provides an overview of the most renowned active protection systems and reviews the most common types of Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA). Additionally, it outlines contemporary challenges for tanks such as rocket-propelled grenades and anti-tank guided missiles. Finally, a brief comparison is conducted on the resilience of tanks equipped with the aforementioned systems versus those without them, along with the effectiveness of active protection systems using the example of ARENA
Counterintelligence as a Form of Counterterrorism: Comparative Analysis of Great Britain and Spain
No full textRad će tematizirati protuobavještajne mjere u okrilju borbe protiv terorizma i protuterorističkih zadaća sigurnosnih i obavještajnih službi. Usporedive primjere predstavljaju Velika Britanija i Španjolska. Njihovom usporednom analizom bit će moguće objasniti sličnosti i razlike među njima te iz njihovih iskustava izvući pouke za budućnost.The paper will focus on counterintelligence measures within the context of counterterrorism efforts and the counterterrorism tasks of security and intelligence services. Comparable examples will be presented from the United Kingdom and Spain. Through their comparative analysis, it will be possible to explain the similarities and differences between them and draw lessons for the future from their experiences
Three-sided tipper on IVECO Daily 4x4 chassis
No full textRad opisuje potrebne korake kod nadogradnje osnovnog podvozja lakog teretnog vozila u vozilo s kiper nadogradnjom odgovarajućih karakteristika. Obuhvaćeni su odabir vozila i veličine sanduka s obzirom na potrebe i nosivost vozila. U radu je obuhvaćeno modeliranja nadogradnje i odabir odgovarajućeg načina spajanja podkonstrukcije na šasiju vozila. Sve je podkripeljeno raznim tehničkim i tvorničkim uputama i slikama 3d modela vozila napravljenog u programu „Solidworks“.The final BSc Thesis describes the necessary steps in upgrading the basic chassis of a light commercial vehicle into a vehicle with a tipper body with appropriate characteristics. The selection of vehicles and the size of the tipper body with regard to the needs and load capacity of the vehicle are included. The paper includes modeling of the superstructure and the selection of the appropriate way of connecting the substructure to the vehicle chassis. Everything is supported by various technical and factory instructions and images of a 3D model of the vehicle made in the "Solidworks" program
Comparison of tank protection with Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) and Non-Explosive Reactive Armor (NERA)
No full textTradicionalni tenkovski oklop, obično izrađen od čelika ili kompozitnih materijala, nudi temeljni sloj zaštite, dok se reaktivni oklop pojavljuje kao rješenje koji je dizajniran da se učinkovitije suprotstavi današnjim naprednijim prijetnjama. Eksplozivni reaktivni oklop (ERA) radi pomoću eksplozivnih elemenata, koje se nalaze u sendviču između oklopnih ploča, koji detoniraju pri udaru. Kroz rad istražuje se mehanizam rada, struktura i učinkovitost ERA-e i NERA-e protiv raznih prijetnji, uključujući kumulativne i kinetičke projektile. Iako ERA pruža znatno veću zaštitu, ima nedostatke kao što su rizik od kolateralne štete i složenost održavanja, te kompleksniji transport. Neeksplozivni reaktivni oklop (NERA) koristi neeksplozivne materijale poput kompozita i metalnih legura. NERA se aktivira mehaničkom deformacijom pri udaru, apsorbirajući i raspršujući energiju projektila, a njene prednosti su: sigurnost, niži troškovi održavanja i transporta, a glavni nedostatak je manja učinkovitost protiv određenih prijetnji. Usporedna analiza ističe prednosti i slabosti ERA-e i NERA-e, a čimbenici koji se razmatraju uključuju učinkovitost zaštite, težinu, veličinu, cijenu i održavanje. ERA općenito nudi vrhunsku zaštitu, ali uz veću operativnu složenost i rizik. Iako je NERA sigurnija i lakša za održavanje, neće pružiti jednaku zaštitu od svih prijetnji u usporedbi sa ERA-om. Rad se zaključuje sažetkom ključne usporedbe ERA-e i NERA-e, te se daju preporuke za odabir odgovarajućih oklopnih sustava na temelju specifičnih operativnih zahtjeva.Traditional tank armour, usually made of steel or composite materials, offers a basic layer of protection, while reactive armor is emerging as a solution designed to more effectively counter today's more advanced threats. Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) works by using explosive elements, sandwiched between armour plates, that detonate on impact. The paper explores the mechanism of operation, structure and effectiveness of ERA and NERA against a variety of threats, including shaped charged and kinetic missiles. Although ERA provides significantly greater protection, it has disadvantages such as the risk of collateral damage and the complexity of maintenance, and more complex transportation. Non-explosive reactive armor (NERA) uses non-explosive materials such as composites and metal alloys. NERA is activated by mechanical deformation upon impact, absorbing and dispersing projectile energy, and its advantages are: safety, lower maintenance and transportation costs, and the main disadvantage is lower effectiveness against certain threats. A comparative analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of ERA and NERA, and factors considered include protection effectiveness, weight, size, cost and maintenance. ERA generally offers superior protection, but with greater operational complexity and risk. Although NERA is more secure and easier to maintain, it will not provide equal protection against all threats compared to ERA. The paper concludes with a summary of the key comparison of ERA and NERA, and recommendations are given for the selection of appropriate armour systems based on specific operational requirements
Legal aspects of drug abuse, phenomenology, and characteristics of perpetrators in the Republic of Croatia
No full textTemeljni cilj ovoga rada je istražiti pojavne oblike (fenomenologiju) zlouporabe opojnih droga u Republici Hrvatskoj kroz razdoblje od pet godina kako bi se uočili trendovi i ukazalo na štetnost ove pojave kako za pojedinca, tako i na društvo u cjelini. Uz navedeno, analizirat će se karakteristike počinitelja s obzirom na sociodemografske karakteristike počinitelja (spol, dob, obrazovnu strukturu, te pravnu kvalifikaciju djela). U ovom radu će se opisati i pravni aspekti problema zlouporabe droga u Republici Hrvatskoj, odnosno kako se zakonski pristupalo navedenom društvenom problemu ranije, a kako se pristupa trenutno. Razmotrit će se i što je navelo zakonodavca na izmjenu Kaznenog zakona po pitanju djela zlouporabe droga.The main goal of this paper is to analyse the phenomenology of drug abuse in the Republic of Croatia over a period of five years in order to notice trends and point out the harmfulness of this phenomenon both for the individual and society as a whole. In addition, the perpetrator's characteristics will be analysed regarding the sociodemographic characteristics of the perpetrator (gender, age, educational structure, and legal qualification of the act). This paper will describe the legal aspects of the issue of drug abuse in the Republic of Croatia, specifically how the legislative approach to this social problem has evolved. The factors that prompted the legislator to amend the Criminal Code in the section on drug abuse offences will also be examined
Intelligence activities in the Context of National Security
No full textObavještajno djelovanje kao disciplina od samih je početaka ljudske civilizacije iznimno aktivna te se naziva „drugim najstarijim zanatom na svijetu“, a kroz povijest se protezala kao aktivnost koja je obavijena velom tajni. Velike mogućnosti i dosezi obavještajnog djelovanja su pokazali da bez njega nema ni nacionalne sigurnosti, a svaka obavještajna pogrješka ima značajan utjecaj na nacionalnu sigurnost. Na primjeru Republike Hrvatske uviđa se kako je tijekom oružanog sukoba, obavještajno djelovanje imalo neizostavnu zadaću potpore Oružanim snagama i tijelima nacionalne sigurnosti, sa svojim obavještajno – sigurnosnim službama koje su obavljajući obavještajne poslove podizale situacijsku svjesnost i znanje o neprijatelju te su omogućile pravovremeno djelovanje i očuvanje nacionalne sigurnosti. Značajan dio ovoga rada posvećen je samim obavještajno-sigurnosnim službama pri čemu su istaknute njihove zadaće koje doprinose očuvanju nacionalne sigurnosti.From the very beginnings of human civilization, intelligence activities have been very active and are referred to as the "second oldest profession in the world." Throughout history, these activities have been shrouded in secrecy. The great capabilities and achievements of intelligence operations have demonstrated that national security cannot exist without them, and any intelligence error significantly impacts national security. The example of the Republic of Croatia during the armed conflict shows how intelligence activities had an indispensable role in supporting the Armed Forces and national security bodies, with their intelligence and security services raising situational awareness and knowledge about the enemy, thus enabling timely action and the preservation of national security. A significant part of this work is dedicated to the intelligence and security services themselves, outlining their tasks that contribute to maintaining national security
Comparative analysis of HUMINT's Role in Cold War Covert Operations of the Bloc Superpowers
No full textRad će tematizirati HUMINT kao paradigmatski primjer obavještajnog djelovanja tijekom Hladnog rata. U samom početku rada obradit će se ukratko povijesni pregled hladnog rata i blokovskih supersila. Opisat će se tri obavještajna modela na kojima se temelji i današnji ustroj i organizacija modernih obavještajnih službi. Poseban naglasak bit će stavljen na tajne operacije i njihove različite nazive te obavještajne službe koje ih provode. Sličnosti i razlike angloameričkog i sovjetskog modela bit će objašnjene na osnovu nekih tajnih operacija ili događaja.The paper will focus on HUMINT as a paradigmatic example of intelligence activity during the Cold War. At the very beginning of the paper, a brief overview of the Cold War and bloc superpowers will be covered. Three intelligence models will be described, on which the current structure and organization of modern intelligence services is based. Special emphasis will be placed on covert operations and their various names and the intelligence services that carry them out. The similarities and differences between the Anglo-American and Soviet models will be explained on the basis of some secret operations or events