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    Analysis of uncertainty influence of aerodynamic coefficients estimation on artillery projectile impact points

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    Cilj ovog rada je analizirati utjecaj rasipanja aerodinamičkih koeficijenta na padne točke. Simulacije koje prikazuju rasipanje padne točke topničkog projektila vršile su se u programu Matlab. Topnički projektil koji je korišten u simulacijama je projektil sličan projektilu TF-462. Kao početni korak odabrani su aerodinamički koeficijenti koji će se promatrati u simulaciji a, to su: Cmσ, CLσ i CD. U sljedećem koraku procijenjeno je njihovo rasipanje na temelju iskustva. Nakon definiranja početnih uvjeta simulacije definirane su slučajne vrijednosti promatranih aerodinamičkih koeficijenata kao funkcije Machovog broja. Tako je omogućeno zasebno razmatranje utjecaja rasipanja odabranog aerodinamičkog koeficijenta, ali je omogućeno i razmatranje Monte-Carlo simulacije analiziranjem različitih kombinacija rasipanih aerodinamičkih koeficijenata. Ta opcija nam dopušta da koristimo Monte-Carlo metodu te nam dopušta da analiziramo različite kombinacije kod kojih se aerodinamički koeficijenti rasipaju ili ne. Pomoću dobivenih rezultata izračunate su: standardne devijacije, očekivane vrijednosti po pravcu i dometu i CEP za sve analize. Dobiveni rezultati prikazani su dijagramima te su komentirani odgovarajući zaključci.The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of the dispersion of aerodynamic coefficients on the drop points. The simulations showing the dispersion of the artillery projectile drop point were performed in the Matlab program. The artillery projectile used in the simulations is a projectile similar to the TF-462 projectile. As an initial step, the aerodynamic coefficients that will be observed in the simulation were selected, namely: Cmσ, CLσ i CD. In the next step, their dissipation was estimated based on experience. After defining the initial conditions of the simulation, the random values of the observed aerodynamic coefficients were defined as a function of the Mach number. Thus, it is possible to separately consider the influence of the spread of the selected aerodynamic coefficient, but it is also possible to consider the Monte-Carlo simulation by analyzing different combinations of the spread aerodynamic coefficients. This option allows us to use the Monte-Carlo method and allows us to analyze different combinations where the aerodynamic coefficients dissipate or not. Using the obtained results, the following were calculated: standard deviations, expected values per direction and range and CEP for all analyses. The obtained results are presented in diagrams and the corresponding conclusions are commented

    Tactical drones in the Russian-Ukrainian war

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    Tema ovog završnog rata su taktičke besposadne letjelice rusko-ukrajinskog rata. Na početku rada opisano je što su to taktičko besposadne letjelice (Unmanned Arial Vehicles) te je nakon toga ukratko opisan rusko-ukrajinski rat. U radu su uspoređene letjelice ukrajinske strane sa letjelicama ruske strane koje su se koristile u njihovom ratu. Također, rad nas upoznaje sa kratkom prošlošću taktičko besposobnih letjelica te njihovom primjenom. Rad nam pobliže prikazuje koje su prednosti, a koje mane besposadnih letjelica, njihove taktičke i tehničke značajke. Prikazuje koja su područja uporabe taktičko besposadnih letjelica te analizira efikasnost i učinkovitost istih u različitim aspektima sukoba. Te na samom kraju analizira koja iskustva bi Hrvatska mogla imati osvrćući se na rusko-ukrajinski rat.The topic of this final paper is tactical unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the Russo-Ukrainian War. The paper begins with a description of what tactical UAVs are, followed by a brief overview of the Russo-Ukrainian War. It compares the UAVs used by the Ukrainian side with those used by the Russian side in the conflict. The paper also introduces the brief history of tactical UAVs and their applications. It further examines the advantages and disadvantages of UAVs, their tactical and technical features. The paper highlights the areas of use for tactical UAVs and analyzes their efficiency and effectiveness in various aspects of the conflict. Finally, it analyzes the lessons that Croatia could learn by reflecting on the Russo-Ukrainian War

    Combat stress reactions and alcohol abuse in the military

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    Rad istražuje bojni stres kao kompleksno stanje psihičke i fizičke potresenosti koje nastaje zbog izloženosti stresnim i traumatskim događajima na bojištu i izvan njega. Kod bojnog stresa razlikujemo simptome poput fizičkih, kognitivnih, emocionalnih i ponašajnih promjena koje mogu imati pozitivan i negativan utjecaj na pojedinca. Bojni stres usko je povezan sa konzumacijom alkohola i pojavom ovisnosti o alkoholu jer pojedinci počinju češće konzumirati alkohol kako bi se suočili s anksioznošću i traumom. Zlouporaba alkohola uzrokovana bojnim stresom može potaknuti nastanak dodatnih zdravstvenih problema kao i stvaranje ovisnosti o alkoholu što dodatno otežava zdravstveno stanje pojedinca jer vodi nastanku dodatnih zdravstvenih teškoća. Kako bi spriječili zlouporabu alkohola, vojni su sustavi razvili brojne preventivne mjere poput nulte tolerancije na alkohol, nenajavljenih testiranja i provođenja edukacije o ovisnostima. Liječenje ovisnosti provodi se na različitim razinama koje su prilagođene potrebama pojedinca. Sve razine liječenja pružaju potrebnu terapiju i edukaciju kako bi se pojedincu osigurala podrška tijekom procesa liječenja.The research investigates combat stress as a complex condition of psychological and physical distress that arises due to exposure to stressful and traumatic events on and off the battlefield. In combat stress, we distinguish symptoms such as physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes that can have both positive and negative effects on an individual. Combat stress is closely linked to alcohol consumption and the development of alcohol addiction, as individuals begin to drink more frequently to cope with anxiety and trauma. Alcohol abuse caused by combat stress can lead to additional health problems and the development of alcohol addiction, further complicating the individual's health condition by leading to additional health difficulties. To prevent alcohol abuse, military systems have developed numerous preventive measures such as zero tolerance for alcohol, unannounced testing, and the implementation of addiction education programs. Addiction treatment is carried out at different levels tailored to the individual's needs. All levels of treatment provide the necessary therapy and education to ensure support for the individual during the treatment process

    Implementation and Utilization of Miniature Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Reconnaissance Platoons of the Croatian Armed Forces

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    Izvidnički vodovi bojni Oružanih snaga Republike Hrvatske provode izvidničke zadaće na taktičkoj razini u potpori bojne čiji su dio. Zadaće zahtijevaju prikupljanje točnih, relevantnih i pravodobnih informacija zapovjedniku manevarske postrojbe te odgovore na zahtjeve za informacijama. Minijaturni besposadni zrakoplovni sustavi, čije su sposobnosti dokazane u ratu u Ukrajini, i njihova implementacija podigli bi sposobnosti izvidničkih vodova na višu razinu. Neke od zadaća poput izviđanja rute i procjene učinka vatre provodile bi se učinkovitije i brže, a bez potrebe za velikim izlaganjem izvidnika riziku kompromitacije. Minijaturni besposadni zrakoplovni sustavi relativno su jeftino ulaganje koje je trenutno u usponu i čiji se napredak mora iskoristiti u Oružanim snagama Republike Hrvatske.Reconnaissance platoons of the Croatian Armed Forces conduct reconnaissance missions in order to collect and provide valuable intelligence to battalions that they are part of. The aim of their missions is provision of accurate, relevant and timely intelligence as well as answering to requests for information (RFI). Mini unmanned aerial systems (UAS), whose efficiency have been proven in the war in Ukraine, along with their implementation into reconnaissance platoons would certainly increase their capabilities. With the integration of mini UAS, missions like route reconnaissance and battle damage assessment would become more effective, less time-consuming and the risk of detection would decrease. Mini UAS are relatively cheap investment compared to other new capability adoption programs into the armed forces, so their potential should be utilized

    The Importance of Hand-held Anti-Armor Systems in Modern Warfare

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    Ručni protuoklopni sustavi igraju ključnu ulogu u modernom ratovanju zbog svoje mobilnosti, fleksibilnosti, učinkovitosti i pristupačnosti. Njihova jednostavnost upotrebe omogućava brzi odgovor na oklopne prijetnje na bojištu u svim terenskim i vremenskim uvjetima. Od pojave prvih oklopnih vozila i tenkova u Prvom Svjetskom ratu do današnjih tenkova opremljenim modernim oklopom i različitim sustavima aktivne i pasivne zaštite, ručni protuoklopni sustavi doživjeli su tehnološku transformaciju. Implementacijom lakih materijala omogućila se dodatna mobilnost, a razvoj novih pogonskih sustava i raznovrsnih bojevih glava omogućeno je djelovanje na većim udaljenostima i veća moć probijanja. Ručni protuoklopni sustavi pokazuju svoju taktičku i stratešku važnost u ratovanju i zahtijevaju pravilnu implementaciju u doktrine ratovanja oružanih snaga i dodatni tehnološki razvoj kako bi mogli pratiti razvoj oklopne tehnologije koja je danas sve naprednija.Man-portable anti-tank systems play a key role in modern warfare due to their mobility, flexibility, effectiveness and affordability. Their ease of use enables a quick response to armored threats on the battlefield in all terrain and weather conditions. From the appearance of the first armored vehicles and tanks in the First World War to today's tanks equipped with modern armor and different systems of active and passive protection, man-portable anti tank systems have undergone a technological transformation. The implemenatition of light materials enabled additional mobility, and the development of new propultion systems and various warhead types extended the range and increased penetration. Man-portable anti-tank systems demonstrate their tactical and strategic importance in warfare and require proper implementation in the strategic doctrines of armed forces across the world. They aslo require additional technological development in order to be able to follow the development of armor technology, which is increasingly advanced today

    EOD teams in the fight against terrorism - analysis of contemporary threats and countermeasures

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    Ovaj diplomski rad detaljno istražuje ključnu ulogu EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) timova u suvremenom kontekstu borbe protiv terorizma. U prvom dijelu rada analizira se povijest razvoja EOD timova, njihova evolucija od temeljnih inženjerskih postrojbi do visoko specijaliziranih timova za detekciju, neutralizaciju i uklanjanje eksplozivnih naprava. Nadalje, istražuju se različite vrste improviziranih eksplozivnih naprava (IED-a) koje su postale dominantno sredstvo terorističkih grupa širom svijeta, uključujući njihovu izradu, aktivaciju i efekte. U drugom dijelu rada analiziraju se strategije suprotstavljanja IED-ima, koje uključuju preventivne mjere, strategije i taktike zapažanja i suočavanja IED-om. Posebna pažnja posvećuje se taktikama koje se primjenjuju u borbi protiv IED-a, uključujući postupke zaštite konvoja, taktike proboja zasjeda i aktivnosti zaštite stacionarnih objekata. U završnom dijelu rada analizira se oprema koju koriste EOD timovi u svojim operacijama, kao što su roboti za uklanjanje eksplozivnih naprava, napredni senzori za detekciju eksploziva te osobna zaštitna oprema za članove timova. Proučava se važnost tehnološkog napretka u poboljšanju učinkovitosti i sigurnosti EOD operacija. Kroz analizu iskustava EOD timova koalicijskih snaga u Afganistanu, ovaj rad pruža uvid u izazove s kojima se timovi suočavaju u stvarnim operativnim okruženjima te potrebu za stalnim prilagodbama i poboljšanjima u borbi protiv terorističkih prijetnji.This thesis thoroughly investigates the crucial role of EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) teams in the modern context of counter-terrorism. The first part of the thesis analyzes the history of the development of EOD teams, their evolution from simple engineering units to highly specialized teams for detecting, neutralizing, and disposing of explosive devices. Furthermore, it explores various types of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) that have become the predominant tool of terrorist groups worldwide, including their construction, activation, and effects. The second part of the thesis examines counter-IED strategies, which include preventive measures, NATO strategies, and tactics for observing and confronting IEDs. Special attention is given to the tactics applied in the fight against IEDs, including convoy protection procedures, ambush breakthrough tactics, and activities for protecting stationary objects. The final part of the thesis analyzes the equipment used by EOD teams in their operations, such as robots for explosive device disposal, advanced sensors for explosive detection, and personal protective equipment for team members. It examines the importance of technological advancements in improving the efficiency and safety of EOD operations. Through the analysis of the experiences of coalition EOD teams in Afghanistan, this thesis provides insight into the challenges faced by teams in real operational environments and the need for constant adaptation and improvement in the fight against terrorist threats

    Vertical maneuver: tactics, tehniques and procedures of airborne units

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    Rad je napravljen kako bi se dao odgovor na pitanje jesu li zračno-desantne snage i dalje relevantne u modernim sukobima. U uvodu je dan kratki pregled razvoja padobrana, te njegove podjele. Nakon uvoda u temu definirane su zračno-desantne operacije i dan je povijesni pregled upotrebe zračno-desantnih postrojbi. Nakon povijesnog pregleda rad obrađuje razvoj operacija vertikalnog manevra po završetku Drugog svjetskog rata kao i metode protudesantne borbe. U nastavku rad navodi koje su sposobnosti, ograničenja i ranjivosti prilikom provedbe vertikalnog manevra. Nakon toga napravljen je kratki pregled upotrebe zračno-desantnih postrojbi unazad 30 godina, a za kratku studiju slučaja obrađen je napad zračno-desantnih snaga Ruske federacije na aerodrom Hostomel u Ukrajini 2022. godine. Potom je prikazan razvoj padobranstva na području Republike Hrvatske i dan je prijedlog za osnivanje konvencionalne zračno-desantne sastavnice unutar Oružanih snaga Republike Hrvatske. Ključne riječi: padobran, desant, zračni desant, zračna navala, vertikalni manevarThe work was created to answer the question of whether airborne forces are still relevant in modern conflicts. The introduction provides a brief overview of the development of parachutes and their classifications. Following the introduction, airborne operations are defined and a historical overview of the use of airborne units is given. After the historical review, the work addresses the development of vertical maneuver operations after the end of World War II, as well as anti-airborne warfare methods. The paper then outlines the capabilities, limitations, and vulnerabilities during the execution of vertical maneuvers. This is followed by a brief overview of the use of airborne units over the past 30 years, with a case study of the Russian Federation`s airborne forces attack on Hostomel Airport, Ukraine in 2022. Lastly, the development of parachuting in the Republic of Croatia is presented, along with a proposal for the establishment of a conventional airborne component within the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia

    Optimization of fire control and fire handling processes using GIS and unmanned aerial vehicles

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    Unutar rada govori se o prednosti integracije bespilotnih letjelica i geografskog informacijskog sustava kao temelja za razvoj modernog sustava vatrene potpore. Govori se o prednostima bespilotnih letjelica da u realnom vremenu i u najkraćem mogućem roku prikupe obavještajne informacije bitne za topničke postrojbe, te o mogućnosti geografskog informacijskog sustava da te prikupljene podatke obradi i pruži potrebne elemente topničkoj postrojbi. Osim toga, ukazuje se na neke probleme i operativne implikacije u korištenju ovakvog sustava, te o prijedlozima za način kako najbolje implementirati sustav, koristiti ga, a u isto vrijeme biti zaštićen od sigurnosnih prijetnji.This thesis examines the advantages of integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with geographic information systems (GIS) as a foundation for developing a modern fire support system. It explores the benefits of utilizing UAVs for real-time collection of critical artillery intelligence. Additionally, the thesis addresses the capability of GIS to process the gathered data and supply essential elements to artillery units. Moreover, the discussion highlights potential challenges and operational implications associated with using such a system, along with recommendations for optimal implementation, usage, and security measures

    Charles Taylor and Liberia: From Warlord to Democratic President

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    Ovaj završni rad analizira transformaciju Charlesa Taylora od brutalnog gospodara rata i osobe koja je imala veliku ulogu u građanskim ratovima na području Liberije do demokratski izabranog predsjednika koji je odnio pobjedu na izborima 1997. godine. Njegov je dolazak na vlast obilježen korupcijom, nasiljem i političkom manipulacijom. Stoga ovaj rad istražuje način na koji je Charles Taylor došao na vlast, njegove političke odluke i njegov utjecaj na stanje u Liberiji i području Zapadne Afrike tijekom i nakon njegove vladavine. Nadalje, rad se bavi sudskim postupkom koji je proveden protiv Charlesa Taylora te analizira optužbe donesene protiv njega i postupke njegove obrane.This final paper analyzes the transformation of Charles Taylor from a brutal warlord and a key figure in the civil wars in Liberia to a democratically elected president who won the 1997 elections. His rise to power was marked by corruption, violence, and political manipulation. Therefore, this paper explores how Charles Taylor came to power, his political decisions, and his impact on the situation in Liberia and the West African region during and after his rule. Furthermore, the paper addresses the legal proceedings against Charles Taylor and analyzes the charges brought against him and the actions taken by his defense

    Security aspects of the implementation of mobile ad hoc networks for military applications

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    Ovaj rad sadrži analizu sigurnosti privremenih mobilnih mreža od raznih ugroza i prijetnji u svrhu omogućavanja pouzdane komunikacije. U prvo poglavlju uvod objašnjava prvobitnu potrebu za razvojem privremenih mobilnih mreža (MANET), dok su iste u drugom poglavlju općenito objašnjene kroz povijest, karakteristike i način rada. Treće poglavlje bavi se upravljanjem rizikom tijekom korištenja privremenih mobilnih mreža, a četvrto sigurnosne ciljeve koje te mreže nastoje dostići. U petom poglavlju objašnjena je klasifikacija napada obzirom na lokaciju štetnog čvora te određeni sloj, u šestom je opisana zaštita mreža od spomenutih napada, a u sedmom poglavlju obrađene su privremene mobilne mreže u vojnim primjenama. Posljednje, osmo, poglavlje sadrži zaključak samog rada i svega što je u njemu pojašnjeno.This paper contains an analysis of the security of temporary mobile networks against various threats and risks to ensure reliable communication. The first chapter introduces the initial need for the development of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), while the second chapter generally explains them through history, characteristics, and ways of operating. The third chapter deals with risk management during the use of mobile ad hoc networks and the fourth covers the security objectives these networks aim to achieve. The fifth chapter explains the classification of attacks based on the location of the malicious node and the specific layer, while the sixth describes the protection of networks from these attacks. The seventh chapter addresses mobile ad hoc networks in military applications. The last chapter, the eighth, contains the conclusion of the paper and everything that has been explained in it

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