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Studying the treatment processes of soil samples from radionuclides
Get PDFObject of research: Soil samples contaminated with radionuclides and processes for treatment of contaminated soil.
The problem to be solved: Isolation of radionuclides from contaminated soil samples by extraction with weak solutions of acids and alkalis.
Main scientific results: Treatment of soil samples contaminated with uranyl nitrate using extraction with weak solutions of nitric and hydrochloric acid, caustic sodium and subsequent washing of soil residues with distilled water is effective process and leads to a more than tenfold decrease in the content of uranium isotopes (U238, U235, U234 and U236) in the soil samples. At the same time, there is a decrease in the content of natural radionuclides (Na22, K40, Zn65, Sn113, Sn126) in the extracted soil samples. An increase in their content in the extract of the analyzed soil samples corresponds to a decrease in their content in the residue of the extracted soil samples. The analysis of the values of the decrease in the content of natural radionuclides in the soil contaminated with uranyl nitrate corresponds to the values of the decrease in their content in the identical soil, but not contaminated with uranium isotopes. The combined extraction with weak solutions of acids and alkalis leads to the enrichment of the soil with nitrates and chlorine-containing compounds.
The area of practical use of the research results: Subdivisions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and Chemical Troops specializing in the study of emergencies and natural disasters can use the results of these studies in the elimination of the consequences of global environmental disasters and incidents that pose a threat to the life of the civilian population and the personnel of paramilitary units.
Innovative technological product: The proposed method for treatment of soil contaminated with radionuclides makes it possible to more than tenfold reduce their concentration in the soil.
Scope of application of an innovative technological product: treatment of contaminated soil in areas affected by nuclear tests or accidents at nuclear power plants
Shifting the operating frequency of the piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer langevin type using passive cooling methods
Get PDFThe object of research: the shift of resonant frequency of the piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer Langevin type depending on the shape of the back plate.
Investigated problem: the relationship between changes in shape of back plate of the Langevin type transducer with the resonant frequency of the oscillating system. Search quantitative contribution to shift the resonant frequency of each of the modifications: shape, diameter, thickness, weight of back plate.
The main scientific results: vibration modes of a transducer with a back plate with horizontal and vertical radiator ribs were obtained. The graphs of the shift resonant frequency depending on the change in the diameter and thickness of the back tail with vertical radiator ribs are presented. It is established, that the change in the thickness and diameter of the back plate of the transducer effects on resonance frequency much less than the change in mass.
The area of practical use of the research results: designing piezoceramic electroacoustic transducer with passive cooling method.
Innovative technological product: guidelines for choosing the shape changes back plates of the Langevin type transducer for decreasing heating temperature, with keeping resonant frequency.
Scope of the innovative technological product: scope of application of the Langevin type transducer: underwater acoustics, ultrasonic technological equipment, ultrasonic engine, piezotransformer, medical equipment, rock drilling devices
Formal differentiated approach to managing women with stress urinary incontinence
Get PDFABSTRACT
The object of research: treatment of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
Investigated problem: substantiation of the choice of treatment methods in the management of women of different ages with SUI depending on the urogynecological status, age, financial capabilities, risk of complications and speed of achieving the desired result.
The main scientific results: An approach has been developed to substantiate the most rational method of treatment of women of different ages with SUI, taking into account the provision of an adequate standard of living. It is based on the use of hierarchy analysis, which allows to determine the priorities between competing treatments - mid-urethral sling (MUS), pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and containment (absorbent pads). The expediency of applying a formal differentiated approach is confirmed by the results of questionnaires of representative groups of women on the technology of UDI-6 and IIQ-7 questionnaires before and after treatment. It is recommended to choose a rational method of treatment or a set of treatment methods personally depending on the urogynecological status, age, financial capabilities, risk of complications and speed of achieving the desired result. MUS has gained the highest number of points due to the short time of treatment and rehabilitation, long-term postoperative effect, accessibility, low level of complications and significant improvement of life quality in young and elderly women. The most rational method of treatment of middle-aged patients with SUI is the method of PFMT as one that has a positive impact on the life quality of women and does not require financial costs.
The area of practical use of the research results: medical institutions providing urogynecological care to women.
Innovative technological product: development of a formal differentiated approach to the management of women with SUI, which allows to choose the most rational method of treatment taking into account the life quality.
Scope of the innovative technological product: clinical practice of treatment of women with SUI
Trial using of ultrasonic cavitation in cottonization processes of hemp fibers
Get PDFThe object of research: ultrasonic processing technology of textile materials.
Investigated problem: increasing the degree of splitting of complex hemp fibers due to the effect of the mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation on them.
The main scientific results: The article shows the potential of textile production to ensure the environmental friendliness of textile products, and the development and implementation of new eco-technologies of physical and mechanical cottonization of hemp fiber is important in this. Analysis of existing methods of cottonization and structural features of hemp fibers has led to the conclusion that the destruction of cellulose satellites in complex fiber can be considered as a process of purification from impurities, since the technologies for purification of substances in the aquatic environment by ultrasound now are widely used. Therefore the process of cottonization of hemp by technology of ultrasonic treatment was used in this investigation for the first time. The basic principle effect on the textile material what placed in the liquid are the hydroacoustic effects formed by the collapse of cavitation bubbles in the contact zone "liquid-material". Experimental studies of the geometric characteristics of the obtained hemp cottonine were carried out, and the effectiveness of the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the change of the structure of hemp fiber was confirmed. Due to the removal of inlaid substances under the action of cavitation, the complex fibers of hemp were split, as a result of which the range of variation and the absolute value of their length and linear density were decreased.
The scope of practical use of the research results: textile enterprises of deep processing of bast raw materials into technical and household yarns.
Innovation technological product: technology of ultrasonic cottonization of hemp fibers.
The scope of using the innovation technological product: manufacturing of textile hemp products for general use
Integration of kinematic and dynamic mathematical models of a two-axle electric car in the problem of estimating its stability on turns
Get PDFObject of research: the process of movement of cars with internal combustion engines or the electric drive on a road curve.
Investigation problem: assessment of the stability of cars with internal combustion engines or electric drive on a road curve and determination of conditions of its ensuring.
The main scientific result. The article evaluated the stability of cars with internal combustion engines or electric drive on a road curve and determines the conditions of its ensuring using an algorithm that combines mathematical models of car movement on a road curve, synthesized based on balance equations of both kinematics and dynamics. The proposed models consider the change in speed of cars while driving on a road curve, and therefore belong to the class of differential equations. The analysis of these models allows calculating changes in time of values of limiting and critical speeds of movement of the car on a road curve. The article identifies the prospects of integration into this set of mathematical models another one, synthesized in the space of linguistic variables that characterize the uncertainty of the road surface and the degree of tire wear on different wheels of the car.
The area of practical application of the research results: Automotive enterprises specializing in equipping cars with traffic control systems.
Innovative technological product: A method of determining the limiting parameters of movement of the car on road curves, at which the car does not overturn while passing turns, and an algorithm for its implementation, which combines kinematic and dynamic mathematical models of car movement on the road curve.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: Equipping cars with additional control systems that assess the critical values of the traffic parameters on turns to ensure the conditions of non-overturning when the car passes these turn
Comparison of distance education problems during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThe object of research: distance learning in higher educational institutions of Ukraine and the world during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Investigated problem: building a higher education system during the COVID-19 pandemic, capable of quickly adapting to adverse conditions and providing a high level of training.
The main scientific results: explored trends regarding the study of the impact of the pandemic on higher education, the effectiveness of distance education. Analyzed Ukrainian studies of distance education in universities. Held by students of the KNTEU Kharkiv Trade and Economic College. Based on the research results, conclusions and recommendations were made regarding the improvement of the quality of distance education in the field of higher education.
The area of practical use of the research results: higher education and professional education organizations.
Technological innovation: identified the problems of distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on them, recommendations were developed to improve the quality of education in higher educational institutions of Ukraine.
Scope of application for technological innovation: practical activity in higher education and relations with stakeholders of educational organizations
Social and economic efficiency of implementation of pastile products made from unconventional raw materials in the hospitality field
Get PDFIn the context of the deteriorating environmental situation, scientists are faced with the urgent task of improving the quality of food. One way is to reduce the carbohydrate load by replacing sugar in sweeteners while enriching them with nutrients. One way is to reduce the carbohydrate load by replacing sugar in sweeteners while enriching them with nutrients. For this purpose, a number of studies have been carried out to improve the quality of pastilles through the use of stevia - a natural sweetener and elamin
The objects of research are social and economic efficiency.
Investigated problem was to calculate the social and economic efficiency from the introduction of the developed marshmallow.
Main scientific results: The article presents these calculations of the economic efficiency of the implementation of the development, namely, a decrease in the realizable value of the Exotica pastille by 1.2 % and an increase in the "Smakota" pastille and "Nasoloda" marshmallow by 4.0 and 2.3 %. However, it was found that the integral quality indicator of marshmallow "Nasoloda" exceeds the control by 10.2 %, for the pastille "Exotica" and "Smakota" – by 21.1 and 26.3 %.
Scope of practical use of the development is the food industry, namely, the expansion of the range of products with a low glycemic index, increased nutritional value.
An innovative technological product is the technology of making pastilles, which has economic and social efficiency.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: The use of the developed pastille products for consumers with a lack of iodine, selenium, iron, obesity patients and diabetes mellitus
Influence of structural descriptions of underbody of bicarbonate columns on duration of period of their operation and ecologization of process
Get PDFObject of research: optimization of the operation period of bicarbonate columns by optimizing their design features.
Investigated problem: increasing the efficiency, environmental friendliness and duration of the bicarbonate columns by optimizing the design of the sludge discharge unit.
Main scientific results: the article analyzes the main design features of bicarbonate columns for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate. A relationship has been established between the design of the apparatus, the intensity of mixing and the duration of the apparatus operation without stopping for washing. On the basis of the existing problems, laboratory and industrial experiments were carried out at one of the soda plants, aimed at increasing the efficiency of operation of the bicarbonate columns of the purified sodium bicarbonate shop. So, due to the modernization of the design of the sludge unloading unit and the identification of the optimal amount and month of the location of the mesh trays, an increase of 1.5-2 times in the duration of operation of the columns without stopping for washing was achieved. This contributed to an increase in plant productivity and environmental friendliness of the process due to a decrease in the amount of liquid waste generated during the washing of the column equipment.
Area of practical use of the research results: enterprises for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate of food and pharmaceutical quality.
Innovative technological product: design solutions for bicarbonate columns and the technology of carbonization of soda-bicarbonate solution for the production of purified sodium bicarbonate.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: soda production, food and pharmaceutical industries
THE IDEAL OF KALOKAGATHIA OF THE TOTALITARIAN AND LIBERAL REGIMES AS A MEANS OF PERSONALITY FORMATION
Get PDFThe object of research is the relationship between the state and the individual under totalitarian and liberal regimes.
Investigated problem: in the article the concepts of totalitarian and liberal regime is analyzed, their nature and relation are revealed. The characteristics of each of them are considered. It highlights the impact that they have on the ideal of kalokagathia is highlighted. In a society in which the ideas of kalokagathia can be realized, there must be freedom, which is the most important value of the individual. Both directions of democratic thought ‒ totalitarianism and liberalism welcome the higher value of freedom.
A person can’t independently distinguish what is good, harmonious for it, and what is evil, it is not able to make competent decisions, it is always under the influence of the outside world and its conditions. Political regimes can be considered to a large extent, as the basic conditions for human existence. In some cases, these conditions can both stimulate a person and suppress it. This can lead to the fact that government agencies of direct action and coercion can make decisions for it or give rise to the right of permissiveness and thought only of oneself.
The main scientific results: historically, the state is called upon to realize the protective function of comprehensive harmonious human development (the ideal of kalokagathia) at the national level, but under the conditions of the presented regimes, this process undergoes various transformations and can’t be fully realized and does not correspond to reality. The harmonious development of man is always full of dissonances and struggles of various forces in the human being
DIGITALIZATION OF EDUCATION AS A DRIVER OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF UKRAINE
Get PDFThe article analyzes the development of the education system of Ukraine, taking into account the potential of digitalization in the context of globalization. A specific object of research is the process of transformation of the education system through the introduction of digital services and technologies. In order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the digitalization potential of the educational system of Ukraine, the disadvantages and advantages of digitalization of educational institutions are analyzed using the example of the implementation of distance learning. The process of digitalization of modern education under the influence of the process of universal computerization and the requirements of the modern information society is considered. Examples of modern computer technologies that are already used in the learning process, their impact on society are given. The scheme of the implementation of international experience in Ukrainian educational institutions is given, the norms and directives of the EU governments in the formation and development of the European Higher Education Area are analyzed. The description of international projects to be implemented by universities is presented. The elements of E-learning are introduced into the educational process based on the results of the projects, including measures aimed at improving the quality of educational services and the qualifications of the teaching staff: a series of trainings related to modern teaching methods of education, practical seminars for teachers and students, etc. Structural model of the functioning of the electronic knowledge platform is presented, elements of the platform for providing educational activities in the field of digitalization in Ukraine are described. Based on a review of publications, regulatory requirements and directives, the article discusses the trends in the process of digital transformation of Ukraine