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THE STUDY OF METHODS OF PRELIMINARY COOLING OF FRUITS
Get PDFThe studies were aimed at scientific grounding of expedience of combination of preliminary cooling of apples, pears and plums and their processing by antioxidant compositions before the long storage and also at establishing of the optimal regimes and methods of this technological operation. The objects of studies were apple, pear and plums fruits of the different pomological species. As a result of studies was offered the combined method that provides preliminary cooling of apple fruits firstly by hydro-cooling in solutions of antioxidant compositions during 1 hour to the temperature in fruit center 8,5 °С, then additional cooling in AOC solutions during 1,5 hours to the temperature in fruit center 9 °С, additional cooling in chamber of intensive cooling during 50 minutes to the temperature in fruit center 1°С. For plum: hydro-cooling in AOC solutions during 40 minutes to the temperature in fruit center 9 °С, additional cooling in chamber of intensive cooling during 30 minutes to the temperature in fruit center 1°С. The use of such method of preliminary cooling provides the fast decrease of intensity of breath and thermal flux of fruits and essentially decreases the lost of their mass. It favors the prolongation of term of storage of fruit raw material with maximal preservation of quality and biological value. The received data and their scientific grounding give a possibility to recommend producers to use the offered method of preliminary cooling in production condition
THE STUDY OF PRODUCTION REGIMES AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF EXTRUDED FEED ADDITIVE BASED ON CORN SEED AND SUBSTANDARD EGG MASS
Get PDFOn the base of practical studies were established the rational parameters of technological processes of production of extruded feed additive. There was determined an expedience of mixture of substandard chicken egg mass and the crushed corn seed in two stages in frame (during 18 s) and blade (during 120…180 s) mixers. There were determined the optimal regimes of mixture extruding: pressure in working zone of extruder 2…3 mPa, consumed force of electric motor 4,0…4,5 kW, temperature on outcome of extruder 110…120 ºС, duration of process 60…120 s, diameter of matrix port 10 mm.
There were given the results of study of parameters of quality and nutritive value of extruded feed additive. It was established, that in the process of extruding the quality parameters of food additive are improved at the expense of dextrinization and gelatinization of starch, decrease of bacterial and fungal pollution, disinfection of product.
There was proved a possibility to solve problem of utilization of defective eggs at feeding poultry. 
THE STUDY OF FEATURES OF CONTROL OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR RECEIVING THE APPLE SNACKS
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the use of modern methods of the study of vegetable raw material for apple snacks production. To establish the optimal variety of apples there was used the analysis of technological parameters that depend on their chemical composition, especially on the quantity of dry substances, sugar-acid index and food fibers content. The study of inactivation degree of oxidative enzymes and possibility to prevent the protopectin hydrolysis process allowed establish the effectiveness of preliminary preparation of apples. The research-industrial drying setting, constructed by the authors, gave a possibility to study the different drying processes at the expanse of combination of convective and thermoradiative ways of energy supply and to establish the optimal regime of apple snacks drying.
This elaboration allows receive product with high organoleptic indices, shorten the drying process and lower specific energy consumption
SIZE STRUCTURE OF PHYTOPOPULATIONS AND ITS QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION
Get PDFThere was elucidated the original approach to the evaluation of phytopopulation size structure. For its characteristics it was offered to use the special index - index diversity of size structure (ІDSS). There are presented methods and algorithm of its determination. There was demonstrated that index diversity of size structure can be used at populational studies of species that belong to the different living forms. Especially phanerophytes (Pinus sylvestris) and hamephytes (Ledum palustre). As to Pinus sylvestris and Ledum palustre with help of index diversity of size structure was objectively proved that its cohorts and ontogenetic groups that growth in composition of forest phytocenoses typical for Ukrainian Polissya are not characterized with high level diversity of size structure. The value of index diversity of size structure is mainly less than 20 %. In phytopopulation the specific and phytocenotic peculiarity is demonstrated by diversity of size structure and also by representation of plants of certain size classes
ASSESSMENT OF COLOR OF MEAT USING THE METHOD OF COMPUTER COLORIMETRY
Get PDFIn the article is considered a possibility to use the accessible modern digital technique: flatbet scanners, digital photocameras and web-cameras for determination of color of foodstuff.
The offered method allows get the digital image of studied sample and count information about the values of color coordinates of its every pixel that characterizes the color of meat half-finished product such as meat powder. The assessment of this raw material was carried out in dry and restored state.
At measurement of color coordinates of the meat powders in native state there was determined the method of sample preparation for getting the mean value of color with the least standard deviation ~ 20 %. Thus, according to the studies, the sample of dry meat half-finished product must be reduced to fragments less than 0,2 mm.
Availability of this method allows use it for assessment of the quality of dry meat half-finished products according to color parameter. 
REMODELING OF THE BONE TISSUE OF RATS OF DIFFERENT LINES AFTER MELATONIN EFFECT
Get PDFThe markers of remodeling of bone tissue (BT) were studied after the impact of pharmacologic dose of melatonin (5 mg/kg of the animal body weight) during 28 days for 3-months rats-males of Wistar and SHR lines. The studies were carried out in autumn.
The aim of our work was to study the indices of bone tissue remodeling of rats of Wistar and SHR lines after introduction of pharmacologic dose of exogenous melatonin.
Biochemical and immune-enzyme methods of analysis were used in the study. In rats of Wistar line was revealed a reliable increase of activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 43,9% (Р<0,05), hyaluronidase activity (HA) by 15,4% and free thyroxin concentration (fТ4) by 30%. There was also registered the decrease of pyridinoline (PYD) concentration by 48% and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) by 46,7%. In rats of SHR line under the same conditions the results essentially differed. The activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) has a tendency to increase by 11,6%, and PYD concentration decreased by 25%. The concentrations of free triiodothyronine (fТ3) and fТ4 reliably increased by 51,3% and 31,1% respectively.
In the result of research we revealed that melatonin plays the main role among several main factors of regulation of bone tissue remodeling. It has stimulating influence on bone tissue and hormones of thyroid gland
LIPIDS OF CARDIOMYOCYTES MEMBRANES STRUCTURES IN RATS AT HYPOBIOSIS
No full textoai:ojs.localhost:article/46There was studied an influence of artificial hypobiosis in the conditions of hypoxia-hypercarnia in rats on the quantity of neutral lipids, phospholipids and its fatty acids in membranes structures of cardiomyocytes (microsomes and internal membranes of mitochondria). The received results – the content of lipids, individual phospholipids, cholesterol testify to the modification of lipid component of cardiomyocytes mitochondria internal membrane (less the microsomal fraction) that characterizes modulation of cellular membranes structural-functional state. There was noticed the possibility of attraction of membrane phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol) to the signal ways activation at hypobiosis. There was revealed redistribution of fatty acids of mitochondria internal membrane at hypobiosis that leads to increase of the level of unsaturated fatty acids. There was noticed the possibility of participation of monoenic unsaturated fatty acids in protection of cellular structures from oxidizing stress and increase of the content of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids – precursors of biologically active substances – can be connected with its attraction to regulatory systems at hypobiosis. There is presupposed that the state of artificial hypobiosis is characterized with stress-reaction that leads to optimal reconstruction of lipid and fatty acid content of membrane lipids directed on support of cardiomyocytes functional activity. 
STORAGE OF ACTIVITY OF THE HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN HORMONE IN SOLUTION AT ADDITION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO THE PHARMACOLOGICAL COMPOSITION
Get PDFThe more stable among the tested samples were samples with saccharose in the concentration of 50–75 mg per cm3. While adding of L- lysine to samples the most stable activity was discovered in the experimental series of samples with the content of lysine of 10 mg per cm3 – activity increased by 54 % as compared to theoretical initial activity of HCG during 8 weeks. While storing gonadotropin with L-glycine fluctuations of hormone activity in all series of samples were observed. Adding of 0.2 mg per cm3 of L-glycine had a more expressed stabilizing effect. Adding of 0.2 mg per cm3 of L-methionine produced relatively high and stable activity of gonadotropin during the 6 weeks storage. Adding of 0.25 mg / cm3 of L- glycine and 75.50 mg / cm3 of saccharose to experimental samples during 2 weeks at 40 °C provided 69.8 % and 60.7 % saving activity of hCG respectively. Activity of gonadotropin in a series of samples with the addition of L- glycine and mannitol was significantly lower and at the end of the study was at an appropriate rate with the control series models. The highest activity of gonadotropin was detected while adding fillers – 10 mg / cm3 L-lysine and 75 mg / cm3 saccharose and mannitol – to recipes as a stabilizer
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDYING OF RAT BONE CELLS UNDER MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS
Get PDFIn the experiments on rats (SLS-2) with the use of electron microscopy there was made the study of the osteoclasts population and the peculiarities of resorptive processes in a spongy bone of the epiphyses and the iliac crest.
The results of investigation permit to suppose that the processes of resorption of bone tissue become more intensive in zones of adaptive remodeling and destruction of the spongy bone under microgravity that is performed by several ways. One of mechanisms is the increasing of the functional activity of osteoclasts (appearance of "giant" osteoclasts). As a result it is the local demineralization and subsequent destruction of superficial areas of the bone matrix. The other mechanism is activation of osteocytic osteolysis was also investigated
COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF ERICACEAE SPECIES UNDER CONDITIONS OF BELARUS
Get PDFThus, as a result of biochemical screening of 30 taxons of Ericaceae species taking into account 32 parameters in a long-term cycle of observation it has been established the different degree of dependence of variability level of biochemical structure components of fruits of alien crops on genotype and a hydrothermal mode of the period of their maturing has been revealed. The similarity of parameters of genotypic variability of some traits of all investigated Ericaceae species is also revealed: low one – for the general contents in fruits of soluble sugars, flavonols, of potassium, calcium, magnesium and high one – for the contents of anthocyanins, and also the ratio of fractions of pectinaceous substances and bioflavonoids.Specific features of genetic determinacy of the analyzed traits, testifying the greatest degree of its displays of V. corymbosum for total accumulation of soluble sugars and bioflavonoids, flavonols contents, calcium and magnesium and by the lowest degree – for the contents of titratable acids, vitamin C, anthocyanins and values of a sugar-acid index were established. If to mention V. vitis-idaea L., the parameters of general accumulation in fruits of soluble sugars, dry substances and all major mineral elements were characterized by the greatest degree of genetic determinacy, whereas by the least degree – the contents of anthocyanins, catechines and tannins. If to mention V. macrocarpon, the parameters of accumulation in fruits of dry substances, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phenol-carboxylic acids have been noted by the most expressed genetic determinacy, and by the least expressed – the contents of anthocyanins, sucrose and pectinaceous substances in fruits