EUREKA: Life Sciences
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DROUGHT RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT AND SOYBEAN ISOGENIC LINES WITH DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODIC SENSITIVITY
Get PDFThe results of the study of drought tolerance of isogenic (NILs – near isogenic lines) by genes PPD (photoperiod) wheat lines and isogenic by genes ЕЕ (early maturation) soybean lines, that control the photoperiodic sensitivity are presented. In field experiments the photoperiodic sensitivity of the lines when grown under natural long days (16 hours at a latitude of Kharkov) and under artificial short-day (9 hours) is determined. The results showed that line PРD-D1A and PPD-A1a wheat and soybean lines L 71-920 had a weak photoperiodic sensitivity (weak PPDS) and line PPD-B1a wheat and soybean lines L 71-920 - strong photoperiodic sensitivity (strong PPDS). Wheat and soybean lines with weak PPDS were more productive. When simulating drought action on seed germination (20% strength mannitol solution - rapid method), it was showed that the seeds of soybean and wheat lines with weak PPDS have a higher germination than seeds of the lines with strong PPDS. When simulating soil drought (30% FMC – field moisture capacity of the soil) under growing experiment, it was revealed that the biomass accumulation indices of plants, leaf relative water content (RWC) and proline content in leaves lines with weak PPDS were higher than in the photoperiodic lines with strong PPDS. So, all used methods for determining drought tolerance showed that the low photoperiodic sensitivity lines are more resistant to drought.
It is assumed that wheat genes PPD and soybean genes EE can participate in the formation of resistance to drought. Genotypes with low photoperiodic sensitivity should be used in breeding soybean and wheat drought resistance
DETERMINATION OF THE GENETICALLY VALUABLE CORN SAMPLES AT THE CREATION OF THE SOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE CORN SELECTION
Get PDFFor selection of the lines of new generation were used the donors of tolerance to the disease exciters and introduced the modified methods of artificial infection and selection that allowed create the new source material of corn. There were received 302 lines of UKC (Ukraine, Kharkiv, Chernobay) tolerant to the bubble smut that are characterized with valuable agricultural signs. Among them were separated 21 lines with the high productivity and valuable agricultural signs: UKC 85-2, UKC 80-3, UKC 80-2, UKC 135-2,UKC 155-2, UKC 96, UKC 86, UKC 142, UKC 83, UKC 96-2, UKC 129-2, UKC 164,UKC 83-2, UKC 88-2, UKC 131, UKC 147, UKC 144-2, UKC 167,UKC 164-2, UKC 90-2, UKC 163-2; were created lines with the complex tolerance to the bubble smut and crop moth with the high productivity: UKC 144-2, UKC 167, UKC 164-2, UKC 90-2, UKC 163-2. The UKC lined were included into selection work in the laboratory of selection and seeding of the corn of the Institute of crop production of V. Y. Yuriev, NAAS of Ukraine
Effect of pyrrole derivative on the rat colonic mucosa compared to 5-fluorouracil
Get PDFPrevention the development of malignant tumors and treatment of cancer patients remains an important problem today. In spite of substantive progress in the cancer diagnostics and treatment cancer occupies one of the main places in human morbidity and mortality in the World. Targeted therapy is an alternative to traditional one through targeted action on tumor cells and relatively low toxicity. Inhibitor of membrane tyrosine kinases dihydropyrrole derivative 5-amino-4-(1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)-1-(3- methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3Н-pyrrol-3-one (D-1) has significant antitumor activity on colorectal cancer and low toxicity acting in effective dose. However, to assess the D-1 therapeutic gap the investigation of its higher doses is necessary.
The investigation was aimed at D-1 effects applied at different doses compared to 5-fluorouracil one on rats ascending colon mucosa.
The research has found out that the dihydropyrrole derivative has no damaging effect on the colon of rats, whereas the administration of 5-fluorouracil causes marked mucosal lesion of the ascending colon. Hereby D-1 low toxicity to ascending colon mucosa compared to 5-FU and wide therapeutic gap of the first was concluded
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRYOGENIC METHOD OF DEEP TREATMENT OF INULIN-CONTAINING VEGETABLES (TOPINAMBOUR) AND OBTAINING OF PREBIOTICS IN THE NANOPOWDERS FORM
Get PDFThe aim of the work is elaboration of the principally new cryogenic method of deep processing of inulin-containing vegetables (topinambour) using cryogenic “shock” freezing and fine-dispersed comminution and getting of it nanopowders (prebiotics).
There was elaborated principally new cryogenic method of deep processing of topinambour for getting nanopowders – prebiotics. This method differs from traditional ones by the full exclusion of thermal processing of the raw material. Method is based on the use of complex effect of cryogenic “shock” freezing on the raw material using liquid nitrogen, fine-dispersed comminution and sublimation drying. It allows not only preserve biological potential of vegetables but also reveal it more fully and extract the hidden (associated) forms of the low molecular biologically active substances and polymers and transform them into soluble, easily assimilated nanoform.
It was established, that cryogenic method allows more fully extract the low molecular biologically active substances from the state associated with biopolymers in nanocomplexes into free one (1,8…2,3 times more than in initial raw material). There was revealed mechanism of process, connected with cryomechanodestruction, non-enzymatic catalysis and mechanocrаcking.
It was revealed, that cryogenic methods allows more fully extract heteropulysaccharides – pectin substances, cellulose and proteins from the form associated in nanocomplexes with other biopolymers (1,3…3 times more).
It was established, that cryogenic method of topinambour processing allows partially (by 45…55 %) destruct the difficultly soluble biopolymers such as inulin, pectin substances, cellulose and proteins to their separate monomers in soluble nanoform. There were also revealed conformational changes of molecules of topinambour proteins. It was demonstrated, that form changes and the protein molecule, size of its kernel, coat and ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids remains decrease.
It was demonstrated, that topinambour nanopowders outgo the known analogues of traditional topinambour powders by chemical and disperse composition. It was established that their assimilability is 3 times higher than in traditional ones. 
THE STUDY OF HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESSES AT THE GAS FLOW FILTRATION THROUGH THE CANDIED FRUITS LAYER
Get PDFThe experimental studies of hydrodynamics of the gas flow filtration through the candied fruits layer, formed by the different methods, were carried out. The particles of studied candied fruits were cylindrical, equally sized, filled the whole container for drying. The main characteristics of the layers were experimentally determined: porosity, equivalent diameter, specific surface. The results of experiments prove the expedience of the candied fruits layer formation of the cylindrical particles with correct form by the method of placing candied fruits vertically “with overlap of channels”. Such method allows provide the insignificant hydraulic resistance of the layer and rather high speed of the gas flow filtration through this layer. It will result in the increase of heat transfer and mass output coefficients, so to the intensification of filtration drying. Such formation method also allows reduce the volume of drying equipment, shorten the time of drying and decrease the energy consumption of process. 
ELABORATION OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SEMI-SMOKED SAUSAGES USING LENTIL FLOUR, THYME AND JUNIPER
Get PDFThe complex studies of chemical and biochemical composition of the vegetable raw material were carried out; their influence on technological parameters and microstructure of forcemeat of semi-smoked sausages was detected to prove the expedience of using the spicy-aromatic plants in the production technology of semi-smoked sausages. Antioxidant properties of thyme and juniper were studied. The quality and safety of the new types of semi-smoked sausages were proved on the base of their study by organoleptic, physical-chemical, structural-mechanic, microbiological parameters.
On the base of received results it was persuasively proved the expedience of using the flour of germinated and non-germinated lentil in combination with the meat raw material, especially with chicken, spicy-aromatic plants in composition of semi-smoked sausages, because it favors the improvement of their biological value. Thyme and juniper decelerate the intensity of hydrolysis products creation by 2 % and peroxide creation in the average by 12 % in the studied samples comparing with control. It was determined the maximal storage life of the new types of semi-smoked sausages that is 15 days at temperature 6±2 °С
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF THE SPEED (TIME) OF THE CENTRAL PROCESSING OF INFORMATION BY THE HIGHER PARTS OF BRAIN IN HUMANS WITH THE DIFFERENT INDIVIDUAL-TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY
Get PDFThe speed (time) of the central processing of information (SCPI) by the higher parts of brain and electric activity of the cerebral cortex were studied using the method of electroencephalography (EEG) in humans with the different individual-typological features of the higher nervous activity – functional mobility of the nervous processes (FMNP).The statistically important differences of indices of the complicated sensorimotor reactions of differentiation, SCPI and EEG powers between the groups of examined were established. The persons with the high FMNP level were characterized with the reliably higher CPI speed and power of α-rhythm of the convexital surface of the cerebral cortex, especially right hemisphere and β-rhythm of EEG (р≤0,001) comparing with examined persons with the mean and low FMNP levels. The correlative analysis proved the reliability of the connections between FMNP, SCPI and EEG characteristics. We think that the established EEG-correlates of the central processing of information by the higher parts of brain increase the predictability of analysis of typological features of the higher nervous activity and can be useful in the field of professional orientation and selection and also in psychodiagnostics of neurological disorders.The speed (time) of the central processing of information (SCPI) by the higher parts of brain and electric activity of the cerebral cortex were studied using the method of electroencephalography (EEG) in humans with the different individual-typological features of the higher nervous activity – functional mobility of the nervous processes (FMNP).The statistically important differences of indices of the complicated sensorimotor reactions of differentiation, SCPI and EEG powers between the groups of examined were established. The persons with the high FMNP level were characterized with the reliably higher CPI speed and power of α-rhythm of the convexital surface of the cerebral cortex, especially right hemisphere and β-rhythm of EEG (р≤0,001) comparing with examined persons with the mean and low FMNP levels. The correlative analysis proved the reliability of the connections between FMNP, SCPI and EEG characteristics. We think that the established EEG-correlates of the central processing of information by the higher parts of brain increase the predictability of analysis of typological features of the higher nervous activity and can be useful in the field of professional orientation and selection and also in psychodiagnostics of neurological disorders
THE STUDY OF QUALITY AND SAFETY PARAMETERS OF THE SPECIAL VODKA OF NATIVE PRODUCTION
Get PDFInsofar as country is in unstable situation, many goods and products of the low quality and falsified ones appeared on the native market. Excise alcohol production is the most beneficial for falsification, because its profitability is very high.
Among alcohol drinks vodka stays the most popular one that is produced in large scales. Last time the consumption of alcohol drinks increased by 22 %, so, the efforts of consumption policy must be directed on the rise of culture of drinking behavior and prophylaxis strategy.
The parameters of quality and safety of the special vodka of TM “Home rye pervak” are studied. The normative documents that regulate quality of the special vodka in Ukraine are analyzed. There were studied organoleptic, physical-chemical parameters and safety of the special vodka of TM “Home rye pervak” made by LTD “UDK” (Poltava, Ukraine).
It was established, that special vodka of TM “Home rye pervak” made by Ukrainian producer “UDK” corresponds to all requirements of the national standard of Ukraine as to physical-chemical parameters and the ones of safety
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT FOR PLANT GROWING ON THE BASIS OF STREPTOMYCES ALBUS
Get PDFIn this work the influence of experimental forms of biological product from Streptomyces albus UN44 on the growth processes of agricultural plants (wheat, peas, corn) was studied. The advantages of the preparation are demonstrated, which contains not only antibiotic and enzymatic complexes, synthesized by the producer, but also its biomass for the stimulation of seed germination processes, growth and development of the said plants seedlings.
The proposed process description of biological product Streptofungin-Phyto production in two forms is the basis for engineering development and operating regulations. The preparation can be developed as a suspension with a cell titer of 109 CFU/cm3 in PET-containers (2 – 5 l) or as a dried mass in plastic bags (1 – 2 kg).
The biological product can be recommended for use on the stage of pre-planting treatment of seeds by soaking, as well as deep root watering and irrigation. The remedy is safe for humans, animals and plants and can be used together with other microbial mass-based biofertilizers
THE STUDY OF THERMAL REVERSIBILITY OF THE FREEZING-DEFROST PROCESS OF BROWNED ONION
Get PDFThe features and dynamics of the freezing-defrost processes of the studied sample of browned onion were established and studied. At the research it was revealed, that at freezing temperature –20 °С the value of maximal freezing speed does not change.
The process of defrost of browned onion was carried out using calorimeter with the reverse connection on temperature and PID-regulator, on the temperature curve of its freezing. It was determined, that the process of defrost of the studied sample needs more heat that is educed at freezing. The modes of stepped defrost that testify to the possibility of thermal reversibility of freezing process were experimentally established.
The direct dependence of educed and consumed heat quantity on the mode of thermal processing of studied sample was revealed. The more moisture was eliminated from the food product, the less heat must be consumed for defrost. The analogous dependence is typical also for the freezing process.
The received data can be used for determination of the rational modes of freezing and defrost of the browned onion