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Shadow pricing of carbon emissions from agriculture using spatially adaptive reference sets
No full textInternational audienceWe propose a novel spatially adaptive nonparametric framework for estimating shadow prices of carbon dioxide emissions (CSP) in the agriculture sector. Our approach addresses the frequently overlooked issue of spatial heterogeneity among production units. Using a city-level panel dataset from four major agricultural provinces in China during the period 2008–2023, we define spatially adaptive reference sets based on the geographical proximity among metropolitan areas rather than assuming a single production frontier. Our study highlights the importance of considering spatial heterogeneity in environmental performance analysis and proposes a policy-relevant approach for promoting sustainable development in agriculture
Challenges of dipeptide identification for a better characterization of nutritional quality of food and derivatives
No full textInternational audienceBioactive peptides (2 to 20 amino acids (AAs)) from food sources are typically inactive within the sequence of the parent protein but, after being released through enzymatic proteolysis, can exert a range of physiological functions. Bioactive peptides derived from agri-food industry products or byproducts exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antihypertensive, antioxidative, antibacterial... BIOPEP is one of the most comprehensive databases of bioactive peptides, referencing more than 5,000 peptides. Nearly 45% of these latter are ultra-short- peptides (USPs, composed of 2 to 5 AAs)—comprising 581 dipeptides, 754 tripeptides, 385 tetrapeptides, and 511 pentapeptides, totaling 2,231 USPs. However, while analytical methods are efficient for larger peptides, USPs still present characterization challenges due to their “metabolomic” nature.First, 209 molecular descriptors were computed from the SMILES of all 400 L-dipeptides and used for principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap visualization to select 25 representative dipeptides based on their descriptor-based heterogeneity. Each AA appears at least once in this model dipeptide set. Second, dipeptide analyses were performed using both C18 and HILIC HPLC columns, coupled with an ESI-QTOF-MS.This work illustrates the bioinformatic strategy employed for dipeptide selection and highlights the importance of chromatographic phase orthogonality. Furthermore, we present the strategy envisioned for annotating USPs, leveraging the maximum amount of information extracted from MS/MS data. Although manual identification of dipeptides in a standard mixture is feasible under the described peptidomic conditions, current metabolomics- and peptidomics-dedicated software lacks the capability for accurate and automated dipeptide annotation. Optimizing HPLC conditions (e.g., column type, temperature) or leveraging amino acid-specific fragment ions could enhance dipeptide identification
Analyse des obstacles liés au transfert des mathématiques en physique : exemples des équations différentielles dans l'étude des oscillations mécaniques dans une classe de terminale S1 au Sénégal
No full textInternational audienceCet article s’intéresse aux éventuels obstacles d’ordre pédagogique et didactique liés autransfert des savoirs mathématiques dans le domaine de la physique. L’étude a porté sur leséquations différentielles appréhendées en classe de mathématiques et réinvesties en classe dephysique. Une méthode qualitative basée sur l’observation naturaliste a été utilisée. Pour cela,après l’examen de documents de référence, nous avons assisté à un cours de mathématiques surles équations différentielles puis à un cours de physique sur les oscillations mécaniques dans unemême classe de Terminale S1. L’étude a révélé comme obstacle majeur une différence de formenon explicitée entre les résultats établis par les enseignants de mathématiques et ceux générale-ment utilisés par les enseignants de physique. Cette différence a constitué une rupture dans leprocessus du transfert des savoirs mathématiques dans le contexte de la physique. Cette rupturene semble pas aider les élèves à être autonomes pour faire le lien entre les acquis en mathématiques et leur utilisation dans le contexte de la physique. Elle empêche également les élèves dedonner plus de sens aux savoirs mathématiques très souvent perçus comme abstraits
[Poster]#132 Exploring the Interactions between drugs and metabolic disturbances in CKD: an example with oral anticoagulants
No full textInternational audienceBackground and Aims The metabolic disturbances associated with chronic kidney disease might alter drug distribution, decrease albumin drug binding, and thus increase the free (unbound) drug concentrations. Along with direct toxic effects on tissues, uremic toxins can affect the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic activity of certain drugs. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are interesting candidates for the evaluation of potential interactions between uremic toxins and drugs. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the association between free VKA concentrations and the decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Furthermore, we sought to determine whether this relationship was mediated by protein carbamylation (measured by homocitrulline levels) and/or the accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs). Method In this prospective cross-sectional study, 389 adult patients treated with VKA were included between May 2021 and June 2023. For each patient, levels of free VKAs, total VKAs, homocitrulline and PBUTs were assayed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We used a linear regression model to explore the association between kidney function and free VKA levels and used conventional mediation analyses to determine whether the association between kidney function and free VKA levels was mediated (at least partly) by PBUTs and/or protein carbamylation. Results Of the 389 patients included, the median age [IQR] was 75 [66–83]. Patients with an eGFR <40 mL/min/1.73 m² or those on chronic hemodialysis had lower total VKA levels, higher free VKA levels and thus a higher of free/total VKA ratio than those with an eGFR ≥40 mL/min/1.73 m². Kidney function was independently associated with free VKA levels (β1 = 0.31 [0.19; 0.43], P < 0.001). Twenty percent [95% CI, 0.7%–34%] of the association between kidney function and free VKA levels was mediated by homocitrulline. This association was not mediated by PBUTs. Conclusion Our results showed that a decline in kidney function was associated with an elevation in the free drug fraction (taking VKAs as an example). This association was independent of blood albumin levels and appeared to be partly mediated by protein carbamylation
Culture-Driven Plasticity and Imprints of Body-Movement Pace on Musical Rhythm Processing
No full textInternational audienceMusic naturally induces human movement through its rhythmic structure. Conversely, synchronised body movement can shape rhythm perception – a short-term effect that is likely influenced itself by lifelong cultural exposure. Yet, direct experimental evidence for both short- and long-term modulation of rhythm processing through movement remains limited.To address this, we present a registered report using electroencephalography (EEG) and hand-clapping responses to a highly syncopated, metrically ambiguous rhythm derived from West/Central African musical traditions (N = 80). These neural and behavioural responses were recorded separately in participants from West/Central Africa and Western Europe (N = 60) before and after a body-movement session involving stepping and clapping to a cued beat (either three- or four-beats meter, the latter concurring with original music-cultural conventions).African participants exhibited a significant short-term effect, clapping more consistently and in closer alignment with the beat as cued in the body-movement session. They also more reliably interpreted the rhythm in line with cultural conventions, both before and after movement. In contrast, European participants showed no significant short-term movement effect. A sibling study was then conducted on an additional Western cohort (N = 80), where the body movement session was replaced by watching while staying still audiovisual clips of individuals performing the same body movement as in the first study. In contrast with Study 1, behavioural responses to the cued beat were found to be significantly more consistent after the training session, suggesting that multisensory inputs, possibly activating motor representation without actual movement production, can elicit a short-term effect even when production of actual movement does not.Finally, inconsistencies between neural and behavioural data in both studies suggest that a brief training session alone may not robustly stabilise a beat interpretation that can be automatically reactivated in neural activity after the movement cessation, particularly in response to a complex, syncopated rhythm. Nonetheless, when participants are compelled to move to such a rhythm, they can draw on learnt beat–rhythm association to guide movement timing
Effets de l’hypoxie et de l’activité physique, seules ou en combinaison différée, sur les paramètres glycémiques, la pression artérielle et la variabilité de fréquence cardiaque, chez des personnes saines et vivant avec un diabète de type 2.
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Compte-rendu de lecture : Masson, Caroline. Caroline Carré de Malberg (1829-1891), fondatrice des Filles de Saint François de Sales, Paris, Editions du Cerf, 2024, 294 p
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Airtightness evaluation of rubber sealing layers for compressed air energy storage cavern using the solution-diffusion model
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La Bible dans les pratiques sociales du xi e au xiii e siècle. Approche quantitative et qualitative des Écritures saintes dans les chartes de la cité de León (péninsule ibérique)
No full textInternational audienceThis articles proposes a new survey on the Bible in social practices in order ultimately to challenge both the vision of the history of normativity in the West and the traditionally accepted functioning of the “embedding” (K. Polanyi) between religious beliefs and socio-political mechanisms. It aims to define the role that Christians gave to the Bible in the management of goods and people, a management which the pragmatical writings reflect. By doing so, it aims to shed some new light on the links between two 'revolutions' experienced by the Western society of the 11th 13th centuries, both the so called “revolution of the written word” and the “revolution of the Church”. After a state of the art on these areas, the article inventorises the biblical quotations in a Leonese set of 2.375 charters, in the diplomatic collections of both the Leonese Cathedral and the Collegiate Church of San Isidoro de León, from the 11th to the 13th century. About 5% of the corpus quote the Bible, meaning 123 charters, but the chronological disparities are very significant. Applicants, those who asked for the redaction of a charter, and their authors, quote the Bible until the second third of the 12th century, with a clear peak in the second half of the 11th century. During this period, almost a quarter of the preserved charters were anchored in the Holy Scriptures. The virtual disappearance of 'biblical' charters in the 13th century is just as difficult to explain as their peak in 11th century. The sociological features of these deeds, in this sample set, do not allow to explain this evolution. Moreover, the very reduction of formulas and especially arenga in the charters of the 13th century, as well as their increasingly stereotiped redaction, had certainly but not totally enhanced this collapse. The comminatory formulas continued to massively invoke biblical figures such as Judas, including in romance language. The presence of the biblical universe remained still in the charters of the 13th century, including the very artefact of the biblical book. As a matter of fact, validation clauses based on the mention of an oath taken on the Bible or the Gospels appeared in this period. In short, the Bible remained present in the system of guaranteeing an economical / legal action, but the prescriptive value of Holy Scripture was no longer required. As for the biblical quotations of the 11th 12th centuries, their analysis surely shows that the proclamation of these deeds was often turned into a moment of pastoral edification for one community. Nevertheless, I chose to focus the qualitative survey on two other explainations; not only because they remained unclear until now but also because they put the stress on the prescriptive value of the Holy Scripture. Some biblical quotations appear to aim to demonstrate one’s mastery of the Holy Book, as one of the tools used to set the socio-legal balance required by the deeds in the frame of a community and including to challenge this balance. Other biblical quotations were linked with the lex gothica in order to strengthen the normative frame of the deeds, which appears to be equally conceived in two sides, one secular, the other biblical, entangled in a symbiotic way.Pour préciser les articulations entre les ‘révolutions’ respectives de l’écrit et de l’Église des XIe XIIIe siècle et, plus généralement, les imbrications entre le religieux et le sociopolitique dans cette période clé, l’article propose une nouvelle approche sur la Bible dans les pratiques sociales. Il recense et analyse les citations des Écritures saintes dans un corpus diplomatique en tenant compte de la circulation des formules et du profil des différents acteurs en présence, afin de distinguer l’influence que les laïcs et les ecclésiastiques attribuent à la Bible dans leur gestion des biens et des personnes. Le corpus choisi, les chartes de la cathédrale de León et celles de la collégiale Saint Isidore de León, forme un échantillon solide. L’approche quantitative montre la concentration des citations bibliques dans les chartes des XIe XIIe siècle et son écroulement au XIIIe siècle, sans que la Bible disparaisse des sources de légitimité requise dans ces écrits de la pratique. L’approche qualitative souligne quant à elle la pluralité fonctionnelle des Écritures, dont l’éventail va d’un moment d’édification chrétienne au souci du droit en passant par les stratégies de domination (et contre-domination) sociale