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Assessing carbon dioxide emission reduction potential using a cost approach
No full textInternational audienceDeparting from traditional approaches that treat carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as a bad output, therefore relying on the weak disposability assumption, this paper considers CO2 emissions as a cost to minimise, thus preserving the materials balance condition. In particular, we extend the pollution cost approach (Coelli et al., 2007) by evaluating peer countries on their carbon intensity per total energy consumption, in addition to their energy use. The proposed methodology is then applied to estimate the extent to which a selection of 33 OECD and BRICS countries can reduce their CO2 emissions, given their gross domestic products and populations over the 2001–2019 period. Our results indicate that the period mean reduction potential for CO2 emissions of 60 % (i.e. an efficiency level of 40 %) can be decomposed into a 33 % reduction in energy intensity and a 40 % decrease in the carbon intensity of energy (i.e. efficiencies of 67 % and 60 %, respectively)
Experimental investigation of mechanical behavior and thermal damage of hot dry rock exposing to different cooling conditions
No full textInternational audienc
Bioaccessibilité des polluants organiques persistants du sol : enjeux, expérimentations et finalités
No full textInternational audienceLe projet BORG (Bioaccessibilité des polluants organiques) vise à améliorer l'évaluation de la biodisponibilité relative (BDR) des polluants organiques (PO) dans les sols contaminés en développant et en validant des essais de bioaccessibilité (BA). Peu d'essais in vitro sont actuellement corrélés aux mesures in vivo, compliquant l'évaluation des risques sanitaires pour l'interprétation de l'état des milieux (IEM) ou les plans de gestion. BORG se concentre sur les sols multi-contaminés par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP), des polychlorobiphényles (PCB), de la chlordécone (CLD) et des substances perfluoroalkylées (PFAS). Ces PO sont particulièrement préoccupants en raison de leur persistance dans l'environnement et de leurs effets potentiels sur la santé humaine. Ces sols sont sélectionnés selon leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques et les résultats des essais de BA réalisés in vitro. Les sols avec les variations de BA les plus larges sont utilisés pour des corrélations avec des données in vivo, obtenues via un modèle porcelet. Le projet optimise également les protocoles de BA en intégrant les résultats dans les équations de risque pour une évaluation précise de l'exposition humaine. BORG développera un outil d'aide à la décision pour les gestionnaires et mènera des expérimentations pour évaluer les transferts de contaminants vers les plantes et les animaux, soutenant le concept One Health pour les sols contaminés par des PO
Frontal and parietal planning signals encode adapted motor commands when learning to control a brain-computer interface
No full textInternational audiencePerturbing visual feedback is a powerful tool for studying visuomotor adaptation. However, unperturbed proprioceptive signals in common paradigms inherently co-varies with physical movements and causes incongruency with the visual input. This can create challenges when interpreting underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. We employed a brain–computer interface (BCI) in rhesus monkeys to investigate spatial encoding in frontal and parietal areas during a 3D visuomotor rotation task where only visual feedback was movement-contingent. We found that both brain regions better reflected the adapted motor commands than the perturbed visual feedback during movement preparation and execution. This adaptive response was observed in both local and remote neurons, even when they did not directly contribute to the BCI input signals. The transfer of adaptive changes in planning activity to corresponding movement corrections was stronger in the frontal than in the parietal cortex. Our results suggest an integrated large-scale visuomotor adaptation mechanism in a motor-reference frame spanning across frontoparietal cortices
Simulations numériques de la dispersion de particules due au trafic de camions sur des pistes de chantiers de construction
No full textInternational audienceSimulations numériques de la dispersion de particules due au trafic de camions sur des pistes de chantiers de constructio
Évaluation des sols contaminés en cours de renaturation à l’aide d’indicateurs de la fonctionnalité et de l’écotoxicité des sols pollués aux métaux
No full textInternational audienceL’écosystème constitué par le continuum sol-plante-eau peut être exposé à des situations de pollution, notamment aux métaux. De nouvelles utilisations des sols pollués peuvent être envisagées afin de les protéger et de restaurer voire d’améliorer leurs fonctions tout en réduisant l’exposition aux polluants. Dans ce contexte, des approches de réhabilitation écologique qui prennent en compte le degré de dégradation de l’écosystème, les utilisations futures des terres, le caractère abordable des solutions et l’impact du changement climatique peuvent être pertinentes. Ainsi, à travers 2 projets en cours (REVE, REECOL), plusieurs couvertures végétales sur plusieurs sites contaminés par des métaux seront suivies. De plus, divers indicateurs physico-chimiques, biologiques et écotoxicologiques seront mesurés pour caractériser la qualité du sol en relation avec ces couverts végétaux ainsi que la qualité et la santé de ces derniers. Les meilleures stratégies pour réduire l’exposition aux métaux tout en offrant d’autres avantages sur les fonctions du sol, l’amélioration de la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques seront étudiées. Les résultats présentés ici se concentrent exclusivement sur le projet REVE
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Triazolopyrimidine-Isatin Hybrids as Promising Candidates for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
No full textInternational audienceTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype marked by pronounced intra-tumoral heterogeneity and frequent therapeutic resistance. In this study, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of triazolopyrimidine–isatin hybrids against the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Among them, 9h emerged as the most promising candidate, exhibiting potent cytotoxic activity against TNBC cell lines. Notably, 9h demonstrated 5.7-fold greater potency than tamoxifen and slightly better efficacy than the reference drug cisplatin against MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, 9h induced a significant reduction in MDA-MB-231 cell viability through caspase-mediated apoptosis. Preliminary ADMET predictions were also carried out to assess pharmacokinetic properties
INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING AND REGULATING WELL-BEINGIn the contexts of Work and Everyday Life
No full textThis research report, funded by the ARS DES HAUTS DE FRANCE, delegated to the IRFO, and entrusted to our SHERPAS laboratory, focuses on well-being. The objective was to develop a tool for measuring well-being and, more specifically, to measure manifestations of well-being in everyday life and in professional life
Amide Chemistry Enables Redox Locking of Cyclic Disulfides for Polypeptide Assembly.
No full textInternational audienceA practical strategy in synthetic organic chemistry for shutting down temporarily the nucleophilicity of thiols is to exploit their redox properties by converting them into disulfides. The stability of such a thiol protection in reductive medium can be sensitive to microenvironmental changes, including chemical modifications occurring nearby. Although difficult to achieve, large shifts in disulfide stability might provide a practical mean for bringing selectivity in a reacting system comprising multiple thiol functionalities. Here we report that the stability of a cyclic disulfide increases dramatically upon acylation of an amino group placed in the vicinity of the S─S bond. The gain in stability is so pronounced that the amide bond formation acts as a redox lock. We describe the application of such a redox switch to the chemoselective assembly of polypeptides by thiol-based peptide ligation chemistries
Unravelling the surface complexity of K-poisoned V2O5-WO3/ TiO2ammonia-SCR catalysts: Unexpected catalytic behaviour of KVOx composites
No full textInternational audienceThe impact of potassium contamination on the performance of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 ammonia-SCR catalysts has been investigated in transient and steady-state standard conditions in a broad range of temperature 160–450 °C. Two series have been studied characterized by different surface tungsten densities, i.e. 2.1 W.nm−2 and 9.5 W.nm−2 but having the same surface vanadium density of 4 V/nm2. Different degrees of potassium contamination corresponding K/V ratios in the range 0.2–3.2 led to different catalytic behaviors through the comparison of conversions and normalized reaction rates. Unexpected performances have been observed in dry and wet conditions related to improved reaction rates at increasing K content which have been tentatively explained by electronic and structural induced effects related to WOx and VOx redispersion and the growth of KVOx phases, i.e. KVO3 and K2V3O7. Interestingly, improved tolerance to water inhibiting effect is observed especially at high tungsten content ascribed to enhanced stability of V5+-OH acid sites in large excess of water, i.e. 10 vol% possibly in connection with the formation of KVOx species