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Inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes by a complementary essential oil blend: in silico and mixture design approaches
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The increasing demand for natural alternatives in diabetes treatment has driven research into plant-derived metabolites, particularly essential oils (EOs) with bioactive properties. This study aims to optimize an EO mixture for inhibiting two key enzymes involved in glucose digestion: pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase.Methods: Essential oils were extracted from three Moroccan medicinal plants: false yellowhead (Inula viscosa L.), rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér.), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified key metabolites in each EO. A statistical mixture design was employed to evaluate different EO ratios for their inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular docking simulations were conducted to assess the key metabolites' electronic properties and interaction potential with target enzymes.Results: GC-MS analysis identified 32 metabolites in P. graveolens, with citronellol (18.67%), eucalyptol (13.30%), and 2-octen-1-ol (8.12%) as major components. I. viscosa contained 18 metabolites, dominated by 2-camphanol acetate (51.12%) and camphol (19.32%), while C. citratus had 23 metabolites, with α-citral (24.70%) and 2-isopropenyl-5-methylhex-4-enal (29.25%) as key constituents. The optimal formulation for α-glucosidase inhibition was a binary mixture of 73% C. citratus and 27% P. graveolens. In contrast, the best blend for α-amylase inhibition consisted of 56% P. graveolens and 44% I. viscosa. DFT calculations confirmed the electrophilic nature of key metabolites, supporting their potential for enzyme interaction. Molecular docking simulations suggested that these phytochemicals could exhibit stronger inhibitory effects than acarbose, a widely used antidiabetic drug.Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of optimized EO formulations as natural alternatives for managing hyperglycemia and developing novel diabetes therapies
A novel approach to prepare a composite of hydroxyapatite with cellulose nanocomposites by novel methods including theoretical studies
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a novel cheminformatics approach for the design and synthesis of hydroxyapatite/ cellulose nanocomposites, which have potential biomedical and environmental applications, removal of dyes. The nanocomposites are synthesized by the co-precipitation method with different ratios of hydroxyapatite and cellulose. Over the past decade, calcium phosphate composites and similar biomaterials have seen commercial use in bone substitution and allograft applications. These biomaterial composites, which include an organic matrix and an inorganic mineral, have been developed. The principal inorganic component is hydroxyapatite, with the organic matrix made of cellulose derived from Esparto "STIPA TENACISSIMA TENDRARA" which covers the territory of Tendrara, from Eastern-Morocco. The final product received extensive characterization using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, thermal analysis, Morphological studies, XPS, 31P NMR, AFM, SEM, Ligand preparation and Prediction of ADME/Toxicity Properties, with SEM micrographs revealing the product's nanometric size, XRD analysis show that a significant hydrogen bonding interaction between HAp and cellulose may have occurred as the cellulose peak intensity steadily decreased with HAp level. Concurrently, enterprises have been recorded discharging substantial amounts of methylene blue into natural water sources, raising worries about human health and ecosystems. Computational analysis revealed the compound's properties, revealing potential side effects and environmental risks. Toxicity tests have identified considerable hazards, particularly for cardiac problems, necessitating cautious use. Theoretical computations confirmed the composites' high contact strength, particularly when HAp, Ce, and HAp/Ce were deprotonated. These findings are consistent with experimental evidence. Theoretical calculations utilizing Monte Carlo (MC) and Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation models revealed that the produced foams had an outstanding affinity for methylene blue, as shown by strongly negative adsorption energy values indicating strong interactions with adsorbate surfaces. Based on the calculated chemical hardness values for the adsorbent, adsorbate, and the complex system, it can be inferred that the adsorbent system demonstrates a higher level of hardness in comparison to the adsorbate
Hydrothermal treatment of contaminated sorghum: Hydrochar properties and characterization/phytotoxicity evaluation of the liquid phase
No full textInternational audienceReducing the heavy metals (HMs) content and enhancing the fuel quality of phytoremediation biomass is a crucial environmental and technical challenge. This study investigates hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a promising way to recycle HMs-contaminated sorghum (CS) into a cleaner solid biofuel and characterize and evaluate the liquid by-product more deeply. A systematic study of temperature (180-240 • C) and residence time (0.5-4 h) revealed that the hydrochar higher heating value increases with temperature (from 20.6MJ/kg to 25.5MJ/kg), albeit reducing the solid yield (down to 62 % from 80 %). HC200-0.5 was identified as the optimum best among the tested experimental conditions regarding the application of hydrochar as solid biofuel with respect to energy content and reduced HMs content. The low pH (3.96 ± 0.08) of the effluents due to the high concentration of carboxylic acids (up to 50 %), and the high total organic carbon (TOC) and HMs content are accountable for the strong phytotoxicity, as revealed by the complete inhibition of seed germination. These findings underline the necessity of post-treatment strategies for HTC effluents. This work puts emphasis on hydrochar quality and at the same time addresses the composition of the liquid phase and its toxicity, an aspect often neglected in the literature, proposing an integrated process to valorize HMs contaminated lignocellulosic biomass, retaining the contamination in the effluents that need to undergo adapted treatment.</div
Comment faire de la pharmacie d’officine un lieu écoresponsable ?
No full textInternational audienceIn the current context of climate change and given the major health impacts that result from it, the community pharmacist has a key role to play so that his professional practice is eco-responsible, and therefore respects health and environment. Through the actions carried out within the pharmacy and the advice given to patients, the pharmacist is able to work towards a more ecological management of medicines, and more generally of health.Dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique et compte tenu des impacts sanitaires majeurs qui en découlent, le pharmacien d’officine a un rôle important à jouer pour que sa pratique professionnelle soit écoresponsable, et donc respectueuse de la santé et de l’environnement. Par le biais des actions menées au niveau de l’officine et des conseils prodigués aux patients, le pharmacien est en mesure d’œuvrer pour une gestion plus écologique du médicament, et plus généralement de la santé
Beliefs about inequality and the nature of support for redistribution
No full textInternational audienceDo beliefs about inequality depend on distributive preferences? What is the joint role of preferences and beliefs about inequality for support for redistribution? We study these questions in a staggered experiment with a broadly representative sample of the Swiss population conducted in the context of a vote on a highly redistributive policy proposal. Our sample comprises a majority of inequality averse subjects, a sizeable group of altruistic subjects, and a minority of predominantly selfish subjects. Irrespective of preference types, individuals overestimate the extent of income inequality. An information intervention successfully corrects these large misperceptions for all types, but essentially does not affect aggregate support for redistribution. These results hide, however, important heterogeneity because the effects of beliefs about inequality for demand for redistribution are preference-dependent: only inequality averse individuals, but not the selfish and altruistic ones, significantly reduce their support for redistribution. These findings cast a new light on the seemingly puzzling result that, in the aggregate, large changes in beliefs about inequality often do not translate into changes in demand for redistribution
Aphicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of "Salvia rosmarinus" Essential Oil and Its Major Compound, 1,8-Cineole
No full textInternational audienceThis work uses GC-MS to analyze the bioactive compounds of Salvia rosmarinus essential oils (SREO) and evaluates their antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal effects, as well as the major component, 1,8-cineole. Chemical analysis identified 16 compounds accounting for 99.19% of the oil's total content, with 1,8-cineole (33.17%), camphor (16.53%), alpha-pinene (14.46%), and camphene (8.14%) as the major constituents. Antimicrobial activities were assessed against pathogenic strains using minimal inhibit concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. SREO exhibited a minimum MIC of 0.128% against P. aeruginosa, while 1,8-cineole showed a minimum MIC of 2.06% against the same strain, highlighting the higher efficacy of the complete oil compared to the isolated compound. Conversely, for antifungal activity, 1,8-cineole displayed a lower MIC (2.06%) against A. niger and P. digitatum compared to SREO (4.125% against A. niger). Regarding aphicidal activity, results demonstrated the lethal effects of SREO on M. persicae, with an even more pronounced impact observed for 1,8-cineole. At one dose of 40 1.1L/L air, SREO and 1,8cineole resulted in 100% insect mortality within 24 h of exposure. After 12 h of exposure to SREO at concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40 1.1L/L air, the mortality rates were 20%, 36.67%, 70%, and 93.33%. 1,8-cineole showed maximum efficacy, achieving complete (100%) mortality within 12 h at 40 1.1L/L air
La méthodologie était presque parfaite. Usages de l'intersectionnalité en histoire du droit
No full textCommunication faite lors du colloque "L’intersectionnalité Quelle utilité pour le droit de la non-discrimination ?" le 22 novembre 2024 à Cergy Paris UniversitéInternational audienceThis collective article takes a reflexive approach, looking back at the path that led the authors to intersectionality. Their experiences lead them to question the main limits of the concept and to demonstrate its many contributions to legal science. Intersectionality offers ways of rethinking scientific writing and its results. It helps to shed light on structural discrimination and invisible groups, while incorporating the nuances of historical contexts into the analysis. Following on from these experiences, the article also provides a practical tool for researchers wishing to decode legal discourse through the prism of intersectionality.Cet article collectif adopte une démarche réflexive en revenant sur le cheminement qui a mené les autrices à l'intersectionnalité. Leurs expériences les amènent à interroger les principales limites du concept et à montrer ses nombreux apports à la science du droit. L'intersectionnalité offre, en effet, des moyens de réinvestir ses résultats et de repenser l'écriture scientifique. Elle favorise la mise en lumière des discriminations structurelles et des groupes invisibilisés, tout en intégrant à l'analyse les nuances et l'épaisseur des contextes historiques. Dans la continuité de ces expériences, l'article propose également un outil pratique à l'usage des chercheur•euses désireux de décrypter les discours juridiques au prisme de l'intersectionnalité
L'homophilie des profils de bien-être au travail dans le contexte d'équipes de travail
No full textInternational audienceL'homophilie des profils de bien-être au travail dans le contexte d'équipes de travai
Étiquetage des produits recyclables : un avis motivé de la Commission pour mettre le Triman au rebut
No full textInternational audiencePar un avis motivé du 14 novembre 2024, la Commission européenne enjoint à la France de retirer les dispositions nationales en vertu desquelles une signalétique particulière accompagnée des consignes de tri doit être apposée sur les produits recyclables. Cette obligation d'étiquetage serait incompatible avec le principe de libre circulation des marchandises. Elle avance au surplus que la notification de cette mesure aurait été irrégulière