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Role of Multi-modal Machine Learning, Explainable AI and Human-AI Teaming in Trusted Intelligent Systems for Remote Digital Towers
No full textInternational audienceRemote digital towers (RDTs) represent a transformative advancement in air traffic management (ATM), leveraging cutting-edge technology to enable remote operation by air traffic controllers (ATCOs) while improving efficiency and safety. In the context of RDTs, artificial intelligence (AI), Multimodal Machine Learning (MML) and eXplainable AI (XAI) are playing an increasingly pivotal role in enhancing operational efficiency and safety. However, several challenges need to be addressed, including the development of AI, MML and XAI, research into functional requirements, and the identification of inputs for user and machine interfaces, as well as customization options. This study explores the use of XAI in addressing specific air traffic control challenges and by offering transparent, comprehensible, and actionable insights, XAI fosters resilience, efficient, and closer collaboration between human operators and AI systems. Here, the study defines the specifications for taxiway and runway monitoring and decision support within the RDT domain. It outlines the functional requirements for customized solutions, including XAI, human-centred XAI, human-machine interfaces (HMI), and human-AI teaming (HAIT). A systematic literature review is conducted to assess transparency in AI, with a focus on explainability, HMI, and graphical user interfaces (GUI) within human-centred XAI for RDTs. Additionally, the research identifies state-of-the-art techniques for interactive data visualization, human-centric AI model development, hAIi interfaces, and HAIT, providing a multi-modal agent framework for future development in the RDT domain
Rhodium catalyzed hydrohydroxymethylation of a bio-based substrate in a recyclable biphasic ionic liquid system
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Advances in oxychalcogenide materials for hydrogen evolution photocatalysis in aqueous media
No full textInternational audienceThe growing demand for sustainable energy solutions has led to significant research in photocatalytic water splitting, a promising approach for clean hydrogen production. Oxychalcogenide materials have emerged as a compelling class of photocatalysts due to their tunable electronic structures, various architectures, and favorable band edge positions for solar water splitting. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in oxychalcogenide photocatalysts, emphasizing their structural diversity, composition-property relationships, and key design strategies. We highlight the impact of anion selection, cation contributions, charge carrier dynamics, and material stability on photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, we discuss innovative experimental approaches, such as surface modifications that have been employed to enhance activity. By consolidating existing knowledge and identifying critical parameters for optimization, this review aims to shed light on this class of photocatalysts and help guide the rational design of next-generation oxychalcogenide photocatalysts for efficient and scalable solar hydrogen production
Développement de la sélection phénomique pour les usages multifonctionnels associés à la production de biomasse et des services écosystémiques de Miscanthus sinensis
No full textInternational audienceMiscanthus sinensis is one of the two parents of the interspecific Miscanthus x giganteus clone that is widely cultivated worldwide. It is a crop of growing interest in the past few years for its low input requirement and its multifunctional uses. Initially considered as an horticultural crop, it is now grown for biomass production to convert in litter, combustion and biomaterials production. With the increased urge to mitigate the climate change, miscanthus is a key crop to decarbonate French agriculture considering all its ecosystem services
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of furfural to 2-methylfuran over Ni-Co/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts: Synergistic effect of metal and acid sites
No full textInternational audienceThe development of Ni-based bimetallic catalysts with optimized surface composition and optimized structural properties is crucial for the selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of furfural (FF) into 2-methylfuran (2-MF) which can be used as a fuel additive. In this study, a series of Ni-Co nanoparticles with various Ni/Co molar ratios, supported on SiO2 were synthesized via the deposition-precipitation method and applied to this HDO reaction. The Ni-Co nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on silica and displayed a core-shell structure with a gradient of Ni concentration, transitioning from a Ni-enriched core to a Co-enriched outer shell. Optimizing the Ni/Co ratio in these nanoparticles and leveraging the acidic sites generated by CoOx species led to complete FF conversion and a 2-MF yield of up to 90 % at 170 °C, 2 MPa, after 180 min of reaction. The surface composition in Ni and Co was correlated to the catalytic performance. It was found that Co addition not only altered FF adsorption on nanoparticles from a parallel to a tilted configuration, but also transferred electrons from Co to Ni, resulting in electron-rich Ni0 sites. This electron transfers enhanced H2 dissociation into H+ and H-, which then migrated to oxygen vacancies (OV) near Coδ+ species, effectively hydrogenating the Cdouble bondO bond adsorbed on Coδ+ species and promoting the high production of 2-MF. Kinetic studies revealed that the HDO of FF follows a first-order reaction. The Ni-Co/SiO2 catalyst also demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining high activity over three cycles
Mono- to Tetra-nuclear Iron Dichloride Complexes Bearing N -(Fluoro)-aryl-Substituted Iminopyridine Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, Magnetic Properties, and Polymerization of Isoprene
No full textInternational audienceThe reaction of FeCl2 with iminopyridine ligand containing fluorinated N-aryl groups {2-[(Ar)N=C(R)]C5H4N, where Ar = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3 and R = H (L1) or CH3 (L3); Ar = C6F5 and R = H (L2) or CH3 (L4); and iminoquinoline 2-[(3,5-(CF3)2(C6H3)N=CH)]C9H6N (L5)} resulted in distinct iron coordination complexes whose structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ligands L1 and L2 yielded mononuclear bis-ligated iron dichlorides (L1 or L2)2FeCl2 (complexes 1 and 2), while L3 and L5 formed dinuclear complexes (L3 or L5)2Fe(μ-Cl2)FeCl2 (complexes 3 and 5). Ligand L4 produced an unprecedented tetranuclear dimer [(L4)2FeCl(μ-Cl2)FeCl2]2 (complex 4). Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed single quadrupole doublets for mononuclear complex 2, and two sets of doublets for dinuclear complexes 3 and 5 and tetranuclear complex 4, confirming Fe(II) in high-spin states. Magnetic susceptibility and Curie-Weiss analyses elucidated magnetic interactions, showing reduced effective magnetic moments correlating with increasing Fe-(μ-Cl)-Fe bridges. DFT calculations and NBO analyses supported these findings, highlighting lower charge density on bridging compared to terminal chlorides. Activated by Al i Bu3/[CPh3][B(C6F5)4], complexes 1 and 2 showed lower activities (TOF = 1 000 -1 200 h -1 ) than complexes 3 and 5 (TOF = 90 000 h -1 ) for isoprene polymerization, producing polymers with enriched cis-1,4-alt-3,4 microstructures
Time series classification with random convolution kernels: pooling operators and input representations matter
No full textThis article presents a new approach based on MiniRocket, called SelF-Rocket, for fast time series classification (TSC). Unlike existing approaches based on random convolution kernels, it dynamically selects the best couple of input representations and pooling operator during the training process. SelF-Rocket achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on the University of California Riverside (UCR) TSC benchmark datasets
Mouldy area size and asthma symptom score and control in adults: the CONSTANCES cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Studies on indoor mould contamination and asthma in adults are scarce, although there is evidence of deleterious effects on childhood asthma. Associations between different mould contamination indicators and asthma were investigated in adults from the largest French prospective population-based cohort.Methods: Participants completed standardized questionnaires: on visible mould and mouldy area size (0m2, spots, <0.2m2, [0.2m2-1 m2], ]1m2-3m2] or >3m2) in bathroom, kitchen, or main living quarters (living room, bedroom) in 2019, and on respiratory health (2019-2022). Associations between indoor mould with current asthma, asthma symptom score (sum of five respiratory symptoms in the last 12 months), and uncontrolled asthma (Asthma Control Test<20) were evaluated by zero-inflated negative binomial and logistic models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education, dwelling type and French deprivation index. Sensitivity analyses: in subgroups, stratified by dwelling type or sex, and further adjustments for region, occupant-surface ratio, body mass index, occupant (owner/tenant) and rural/urban areas were performed.Findings: Analyses included 28,596 adults (mean age: 55 years old, 55% women, 70% living in houses, 24% reported at least one asthma symptom, 7.4% current asthma of whom 15.1% had uncontrolled asthma). Visible mould and mouldy area size>3m2 were reported by 21.2% and 0.3% of participants, respectively. Visible mould in dwelling was significantly associated with current asthma, asthma symptom score and uncontrolled asthma (OR and mean score ratio (MSR) around 1.40), stronger effect in the main living quarters. Mouldy area size was significantly associated with higher risk of current asthma (all ORs≥1.29, p-trend<0.001) and increased asthma symptom score (all MSRs≥1.32, p-trend<0.001). No heterogeneity was found by dwelling type or sex. Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses.Interpretation: Mouldy area size was associated with current asthma and asthma symptom score, even for small sizes, adding new insight of the associations between mould contamination and asthma in adults
Campus sans tabac : exemple du département de Pharmacie, Université de Lille
No full textThe Department of Pharmacy of the Health and Sport Sciences Unit (University of Lille) has been developing a ‘Tobacco-Free College Campus’ since the end of 2022, based on the recommendations of the 2018-2022 National Tobacco Control Programme. Students and staff on the campus were very supportive of the project. This favorable reception may be put into perspective with the heavy passive smoking in outside settings of the campus.Le département de Pharmacie de l’UFR des Sciences de la Santé et du Sport (Université de Lille) développe depuis fin 2022 un « Campus sans tabac », qui s’appuie sur les recommandations du Programme National de Lutte contre le Tabac 2018-2022. Les premiers résultats montraient une forte adhésion au projet. Cet accueil très favorable pouvait être mis en perspective avec un tabagisme passif très marqué dans les espaces extérieurs du campus