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Les coûts cachés des aidants pour l'entreprise: Evaluation et recommandation
No full textJuillet 2025Le proche aidant est défini comme étant une « personne qui vient en aide, de manière régulière et fréquente, à titre non professionnel, pour accomplir tout ou partie des actes ou des activités de la vie quotidienne d'une personne en perte d'autonomie, du fait de l'âge, de la maladie ou d'un handicap ». Cette étude a pour objectif de mesurer et d'estimer les coûts cachés des salariés aidants pour les entreprises, et d'anticiper leur évolution compte-tenu du vieillissement démographique. Ces coûts sont colossaux, et vont connaître une augmentation sensible d'ici 2060. De fait, il est plus coûteux pour les entreprises d'ignorer les coûts cachés de l'aidance que de proposer des solutions.</div
The effect of an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise on a complex de novo motor learning task
No full textInternational audienceEvidence from literature suggests that motor learning and long-term retention of motor skills can be improved with a single session of exercise. However, most studies have used simple motor learning paradigms, for example abducting a finger or using a mouse to move a cursor on a screen. These paradigms only require low-dimensional control of movements and do not reflect the complexity of learning a new sensorimotor mapping from scratch or de novo. The study of de novo motor learning can provide insights into how real-world movements are acquired and consolidated. Here we used a de novo motor paradigm requiring the skilled combination of multiple finger movements to investigate the effects of a single session of moderate-intensity exercise either before or after learning.Fifty-nine healthy adult participants learned to move a cursor using the thumb, index finger and little finger of their right hand. The 3D-to-2D finger-to-cursor relationship was arbitrary and non-trivial. During the task, participants used the cursor to execute a center-out reaching task directed toward eight potential target locations. Motor skill acquisition was assessed during a first session and retention was measured in a second session 24 hours later. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: the EXE_PRE group performed 30 minutes of moderate-intensity cycling (75% theoretical HR) prior to the first session, the EXE_POST group performed the same exercise immediately after the first session, and the CTL group did no exercise and remained at rest. Motor skills were assessed using simple cursor-based indices, such as cursor trajectory length and straightness, while finger movement indices were also used.We found that participants learned the task in both training sessions, consolidated their skill between sessions, and continued to improve their skills in the second session, confirming the validity of the de-novo paradigm. We also showed that task learning differed depending on the target position in space and the complexity of the underlying finger movements. Our preliminary results suggest that moderate-intensity exercise, performed prior to a novel motor task requiring high-dimensional control of movement, can reduce baseline performance without impairing learning. These results have implications for the use of moderate exercise as an intervention to improve motor learning in various settings, including rehabilitation and education
Effet de la température ambiante sur l'évolution de la concentration en NaCl dans la sueur lors d'un exercice sous maximal
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: The human body primarily regulates core temperature through evaporation sweat loss, especially during physical activity. Previous studies suggested that an increased sweat rate (SR) leads to higher sweat-related sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration due to reduced NaCl reabsorption in sweat glands. In the heat, a rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are consequences of prolonged exercise. However, current methods for assessing SR and NaCl concen-tration in sweat do not allow real-time measurement, limiting the ability to make immediate adjust-ments in hydration or electrolyte management. This study aimed to compare the impact of ambient temperature on the evolution of SR and NaCl concentration in sweat using the BeOne armband, a device that continuously measures sweating throughout exercise in real time.Methods: 45 well-trained male athletes 45 male athletes (22±5 y ; 1.77±0.06 m ; 71±13 kg ; VO2 max : 66±11 ml.min-1.kg-1) performed a 45-minute cycling exercise at 50% of power output at which VO₂max was reached under two environmental conditions: a thermos-neutral climate (N: 24 ± 1°C, 30.0 ± 3% RH) and a hot climate (H: 35 ± 1°C, 30 ± 3% RH). During sessions NaCl concentration was continuously monitored using the BeOne armband, while whole-body SR was assessed via body mass changes. Core temperature (Tc), skin temperature (Ts), heart rate (HR), and heat production (indirect calorimetry) were also measured.Results: An increase in ambient temperature led to a shorter sudation delay from the armband sensor and a higher sweat rate (T-test). NaCl concentrations were time-normalized relative to the individual sweat measurement duration. ANOVA revealed a significant increase in sweat NaCl concentration starting from 30% of the sweat measurement period. In addition, core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, RPE and thermal sensations increased with hot temperature.Conclusion: Higher ambient temperature led to faster sweating, increased sweat rate, and elevated NaCl concentration in sweat. Real-time, continuous measurement of NaCl concentration suggests that sweat rate increases progressively during the session. This study confirms the relationship between sweat rate and NaCl concentration, suggesting that higher sweat rate is associated with reduced NaCl reabsorption. Continuous monitoring of these variables in real time may provide more precise insights into athletes’ thermoregulatory capacity
Study of micro-signals: proposed analysis methodology based on data from the Lille Poison Control and Toxicovigilance Center
No full textInternational audienc
ETH Lower Bounds for n-Queens: Time Waits for Nobody
No full textInternational audienceWe develop lower bounds with often-matching exponential algorithms for several variants of the n-queens problem. In particular, we prove that placing n queens onto an n×n board with holes requires 2Θ(n) time for both decision and counting, assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) and #ETH respectively. The same result extends to more general manifolds. If the n×n board has no holes, but some of the queens are already placed, then completing the placement of n queens is known to be NP-complete and #P-complete; we show that both versions require between 2Ω(√n) and 2O(n) time, again assuming (#)ET
Can LLMs Judge Debates? Evaluating Non-Linear Reasoning via Argumentation Theory Semantics
No full textInternational audienceLarge Language Models (LLMs) excel at linear reasoning tasks but remain underexplored on non-linear structures such as those found in natural debates, which are best expressed as argument graphs. We evaluate whether LLMs can approximate structured reasoning from Computational Argumentation Theory (CAT). Specifically, we use Quantitative Argumentation Debate (QuAD) semantics, which assigns acceptability scores to arguments based on their attack and support relations. Given only dialogue-formatted debates from two NoDE datasets, models are prompted to rank arguments without access to the underlying graph. We test several LLMs under advanced instruction strategies, including Chain-of-Thought and In-Context Learning. While models show moderate alignment with QuAD rankings, performance degrades with longer inputs or disrupted discourse flow. Advanced prompting helps mitigate these effects by reducing biases related to argument length and position. Our findings highlight both the promise and limitations of LLMs in modeling formal argumentation semantics and motivate future work on graphaware reasoning
Localiser les recueils, localiser les pièces. Éditorialisation des savoirs géographiques en France au xviie siècle
No full textInternational audienceThis article proposes to study the collections of geographical pieces published in the French domain in the 17th century by observing what the compilers do with them. The case of a collection published by Augustin Courbé in 1651, during the Fronde, and placed under the patronage of the Dupuy brothers, allows us to observe the activity of a whole network which, over a period of twenty years, built up the geographical pieces as resources before publishing them at an opportune moment – when it seemed possible to bend the monarchy’s colonial policy. Secondly, we look at the various publications of a very short piece, the Relation de la Guiane et de ce qu’on y peut faire. Depending on the collection in which it appears, its significance changes.Cet article propose d’étudier les recueils de pièces géographiques publiés dans le domaine français au xviie siècle en observant ce que les compilateurs font par leur moyen. Le cas d’un recueil publié chez Augustin Courbé en 1651 pendant la Fronde et mis sous les auspices des frères Dupuy permet d’observer l’activité de tout un réseau qui, durant une vingtaine d’années, a constitué les pièces géographiques en ressources avant de les faire paraître dans un moment opportun – lorsqu’il paraît possible d’infléchir la politique coloniale de la monarchie. Dans un second temps, on observe les différentes publications d’une pièce très courte, la Relation de la Guiane et de ce qu’on y peut faire. Selon les recueils dans lesquels elle est parue, elle voit sa signification modifiée
How Methodological Changes in ESG Ratings Influence Investors"
No full textThe Columbia Law School Blue Sky Blo
