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Nonprofit cultural governance: France versus USA
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter compares the governance models of nonprofit cultural organisations in France and the United States, focusing on heritage and performing arts, and explores the impacts of these differences on fundraising methods and leadership characteristics. These two models are considered idiosyncratic because they are based on radically different, even opposing, management types. At first glance, there seems to be no possible convergence points between these models, notably because they are inseparable from the specific cultural context in which they were developed and which, in turn, influences them. The French model is deemed too political, centralised, and wasteful by American researchers, while the American model remains a puzzle to French researchers: how can the arts thrive without a formal artistic policy and virtually no funding? The methodology consists of a strategic conversation around six emblematic case studies presented by French and American researchers. The empirical results show the effectiveness of both models in their specific contexts, including in times of crisis, and underline the importance of leadership. The conclusion suggests that the apparent opposition between French-style governance and American-style governance is less strict than it seems. A more integrative approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of these models, even recognising a certain degree of hybridisation between the two: the French system sometimes drawing inspiration from the American system to address some of its limitations, and vice versa
Driving sustainability transitions through financial tipping points
No full textInternational audienceAchieving a net-zero-carbon economy requires significant structural changes in the financial system, driving a substantial shift in investment towards low-carbon assets. This transformation of finance is necessary beyond the aim of climate stabilization but is more broadly required to foster sustainably thriving economies. In this paper, we offer a critical discussion of the positive tipping points that can be activated in the financial system to accelerate a fast, sustainable transition. Identifying and leveraging these critical and positive tipping points can amplify sustainable investments and foster transformative changes in the practices of the financial sector. By aligning expectations, steering herding behaviour, mobilizing public finance, reducing capital costs, reaching low-carbon investment thresholds in developing nations, and enforcing robust financial regulations and policies, the financial system can assume a central role in re-orienting economies onto a net-zero and sustainable course. Taken together, such mechanisms highlight the positive tipping points that can be triggered within sustainable finance and emphasize the necessity of policy interventions to activate and capitalize on these dynamics
Dempster-Shafer theory for object matching under data imperfection constraints: Application to wastewater networks' line matching
No full textInternational audienceThe goal of object matching is to identify objects representing the same real entity across multiple spatial datasets. This involves comparing and linking data from different sources using similarity measures, with the final matching decision made by combining these measures. Object matching is especially valuable for creating accurate and complete spatial datasets for underground networks, where data often come from various sources and may have imperfections like imprecision or incompleteness. The Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory, which uses mass functions to model data imperfections, is considered the best method for combining imperfect data. However, previous DS-based approaches produced highly conflicting results when many potential candidates for an object existed. In this work, we present an improved DS-based line matching approach for wastewater networks. Our key contributions include introducing candidate ranking, bidirectional measure combination, and mixed models to convert similarity measures into masses. We validated our approach through experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets. The results demonstrate that our contributions significantly reduce conflict and improve the accuracy and correctness of the matching decision
Exploring canine’s olfactive threshold in artificial urine for medical detection
No full textInternational audienceCanine olfaction is increasingly studied as a tool for detecting cancer and other diseases. Previous pilot studies have demonstrated that dogs can effectively distinguish positive samples from negative samples in humans with breast cancer, achieving sensitivity rates as high as 100%. However, questions remain about dogs’ ability to detect low concentrations of volatile organic compounds in complex medium. While dogs’ detection thresholds for isoamyl acetate using a mineral oil substrate have been studied, there are no current studies on their detection limits using more complex substrates like urine, relevant in clinical settings. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the olfactory threshold of dogs using artificial urine with various concentrations of isoamyl acetate. Two dogs were trained to detect isoamyl acetate, initially using water as the substrate during the training phase, and subsequently using artificial urine during the testing phase, under single and double-blinded conditions. The dogs were trained to indicate the presence of isoamyl acetate solutions by sitting in front of the positive sample and ignoring controls. Training and testing occurred in a controlled environment, maintaining consistency with the same two handlers, a standardized methodology, and positive reinforcement with toy rewards. Based on double-blind performances, results showed a minimum detection threshold of 6.7 x 10-9 Molar (M) for Nougaro (Springer Spaniel) one dog and 2.1 x 10-7M for Prince (Labrador Retriever). The sample age did not affect performance. However, the position of the cone did, with higher failure rates for the first cone compared to the other three. These findings underscore the potential of trained dogs to detect volatile organic compounds at very low concentrations in complex substrates, supporting their use in clinical diagnostics
Exposure to the main Organic Plastic Additives through food contamination
No full textInternational audienceThe use of organic plastic additives (OPAs) in food packaging has led to their widespread presence in various foodstuffs. These additives, including mainly flame-retardants, bisphenols, UV-stabilizers and plasticizers, are known for their potential hazards and environmental impact. This review aims to comprehensively assess the contamination of food products by OPAs and evaluate their role as vectors of exposure to hazardous chemicals. A review of recent literature was conducted, focusing on studies that report on the presence and concentrations of OPAs in different food categories, including aquatic products, beverages, cereals, dairy products, eggs, oils, fats, meat, poultry, vegetables, fruits and other food categories. The review also examines regional variations in contamination levels and identifies the pollutants. Significant contamination of foodstuffs by OPAs are highlighted, with varying concentrations reported across different regions and food types. Potential sources of contamination include food-packaging materials and environmental pollution. This review also identifies research gaps and proposes future directions to improve the study of OPAs in food, aiming to enhance the reliability and comparability of findings while supporting efforts to mitigate contamination risks
A Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm for Designing a Closed-Loop, Multi-Echelon Seafood Supply Chain Network ROADEF, Annual conference
No full textInternational audienceIn recent years, the demand for fish and seafood has significantly increased, underscoring thevital role of fish protein as a primary source of animal protein in various regions worldwide.Seafood is essential for meeting future food security needs. However, the seafood industryproduces a substantial amount of waste, creating challenges in proper waste management. Toaddress these challenges, we propose an efficient multi-echelon Seafood Supply Chain Network(SSCN) designed to handle by-products generated by the seafood industry. These by-productscan be utilized by recycling industries, thereby promoting environmental sustainability andreducing the overall network costs. Supply chain problems are inherently complex, and theircomplexity grows with the size of problem instances. To tackle these NP-hard problems,metaheuristic techniques are widely used. In this study, we implement a Variable NeighborhoodSearch (VNS) algorithm and fine-tune its parameters using the Taguchi experimental design.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for solving large probleminstance
Introduction par la pratique à LATEX pour les sciences historiques. Manuel de formation à destination des chercheurs et étudiants
No full textInternational audienceMasterCe document est issu du cours d'introduction à LaTeX donné pour les étudiantes et étudiants du master « Histoire Européenne » de l'université de Lille durant l'année universitaire 2024-2025. Il se présente comme un modeste manuel regroupant l'ensemble des commandes et environnements appris en cours, ainsi que quelques focus complémentaires sur les bonnes pratiques de balisage et gestion d'un projet. Il a vocation à être lu et exploré au sein d'un éditeur LaTeX afin de pouvoir comprendre le code associé, tel qu'Overleaf. Nous recommandons donc aux lecteurs de se munir du code disponible dans ce repository : https://gitlab.huma-num.fr/vdecraene/manuel-latex-masters-histoir
Hip resurfacing arthroplasty reduces dislocation and infection rates without differences in clinical outcomes compared to short and standard stems: A Network Meta-Analysis.
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) are established treatments for hip osteoarthritis. Recent advancements have introduced short-stem THA, which offers potential advantages in terms of bone preservation and biomechanical restauration. None of previous studies compared these three surgical interventions. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare HRA, short stem and standard stem in THA in terms of: (1) complications rate (global, infection and dislocation rate), (2) clinical outcomes (WOMAC, Harris Hip Score (HHS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Postel Merle Aubigné Score (PMA) and SF-36) at short- and mid-term, (3) procedure-related variables (operative time, pain at day one and length of stay).MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using multiple electronic databases (Medline, Central and Embase) to identify comparative studies evaluating at least two of the three surgical interventions. Studies were included if they reported one of our outcomes. Data synthesis was performed using a Bayesian NMA. A total of 72 studies including, 793 593 patients (mean age 54.7 years), met the inclusion criteria. The most common comparison was standard-stem THA/ HRA (94,4% of the studies).ResultsThe NMA did not identify differences for the rate of global complications between short stem THA/standard-stem THA (risk ratio (RR) 1.52 [95% CI 0.41–5.96]), HRA/standard-stem THA (RR 1.17 [95% CI 0.85–1.66]) and HRA/short-stem THA (RR 0.77 [95% CI 0.20–2.95]). Regarding infection and dislocation, standard THA had a higher rate of infection (risk ratio 2.14 [95% CI 1.33–5.44]) and of dislocation (risk ratio 13.45 [95% CI 3.37–98.21]) compared to HRA. For functional outcomes at short term, no differences were observed between HRA and standard-stem THA for WOMAC (Mean Difference (MD) −0.01 [95% CI −0.51 to 0.40]), HHS (MD 0.05 [95% CI −3.26 to 3.45]), PMA (MD −0.13 [95% CI −0.94 to 0.71]) and FJS (MD −1.64 [95% CI −9.04–5.45]). For functional outcomes at mid-term, no differences were observed between HRA and standard-stem THA for WOMAC (MD −0.07 [95% CI −1.13 to 1.05]), HHS (MD −0.02 [95% CI −1.55 to 1.36]), PMA (MD −0.03 [95% CI −0.60 to 0.49]) and SF-36 (MD 0.11 [95% CI −3.37 to 3.61]). No difference was observed for comparison of short-stem THA/standard-stem THA and HRA/short-stem THA for clinical outcomes.The surgical time was shorter for HRA compared to short-stem THA (MD-34.05 [95% CI −53.25 to −13.28]) and standard-stem THA (MD −16.25 [95% CI −24.84 to −7.53]). No difference was observed between HRA and standard-stem THA for VAS at day one (MD 0.22 [95% CI −1.90 to 2.13]) and for the length of stay (MD 0.48 [95% CI −0.27 to 1.34]).ConclusionHRA demonstrated had lower infection and dislocation rate compared to standard THA. HRA also offers a shorter operative time. However, no difference was observed for functional outcome between the three technics. These findings support the notion that the choice of technique should be tailored to patient-specific characteristics, highlighting the potential shift towards personalized hip arthroplasty
Limited impact of the PEP1 structured physical activity program on perceived barriers to physical activity in people living with type 1 diabetes.
No full textInternational audienc
Relation between intersection homology and homotopy groups
No full textInternational audienceAs Goresky and MacPherson intersection homology is not the homology of a space, there is no preferred candidate for intersection homotopy groups. Here, they are defined as the homotopy groups of a simplicial set which Gajer associates to a couple (X,\overline{p}) of a filtered space and a perversity. We first establish some basic properties of the intersection fundamental groups, such as a Van Kampen theorem. For general intersection homotopy groups on Siebenmann CS sets, we prove a Hurewicz theorem between them and the Goresky and MacPherson intersection homology. If the CS set and its intrinsic stratification have the same regular part, we establish the topological invariance of the \overline{p} -intersection homotopy groups. Several examples justify the hypotheses made in the statements. Finally, intersection homotopy groups also coincide with the homotopy groups of the topological space itself, for the top perversity on a connected normal Thom–Mather space