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Reducing the use of plant protection products and greenhouse gas emissions in arable farming systems in northern France (System-Eco+)
No full textThis issue follows on from the “Carrefour de l'innovation agronomique” dedicated to the results of DEPHY EXPE 2 projects - Systems using pesticides as a last resort: results and lessons from 6 years of experimentation.International audienceCrop protection and nitrogen fertilizers uses are the mainstays of large-scale cereal and industrial cropping systems in northern France. Biological and climatic effects call to design and evaluate cropping systems that cut the use of plant protection products by implementing counterbalancing agronomic levers aiming to maintain yields. An experimental set-up composed of 7 cropping systems located at the Estrées-Mons agronomic station (France) was monitored from 2018 to 2024. The experiment combined decrease in the use of plant protection products while improving the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance by reducing synthetic fertilization. The introduction of cropping systems designed to reduce the use of pesticides made it possible to achieve treatment frequency index (TFI) reductions of 70 to 100% without significantly affecting yields and while ensuring weed control. This also resulted in a significant reduction in fungicide and herbicide residues in the soil. The levers used to reduce the use of plant protection products have a neutral effect on greenhouse gas emissions, or even a favourable effect when leguminous crops are introduced into the succession to provide soil cover and balance the nitrogen balance
Non-oriented electrical steel under bending and annealing effects
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the impact of bending stress and annealing on the mag- netic performance of 3% silicon-iron non-oriented electrical steel (NOES). Samples were bent into diameters of 120 mm, 160 mm, and 200 mm representing the internal, average and external diameters of an axial flux machine and their magnetic properties, including permeability and iron losses, were measured. The results show that bending stress signifi- cantly degrades these properties, with smaller diameters causing greater deterioration. An- nealing treatments were applied to restore performance, with partial or full recovery de- pending on the annealing temperature. A finite element (FE) model is proposed to account for the effects of bending on magnetic performance, incorporating three regions with dis- tinct magnetic properties corresponding to different bending radii, using the commercial software JMAG-Designer. The study's findings provide valuable insights into the effects of bending and annealing on NOES, offering potential applications in toroidal transformers and axial flux machines
Characterization of a novel natural protein-polysaccharide complex from cashew apple bagasse and its functional implications
No full textInternational audienceCashew apple bagasse (CAB) constituting about 20 % of the cashew apple’s (CA) weight, is often overlooked andconsidered a waste product. This study aims to valorize CAB by extracting and studying a nutritional andfunctional compounds from CAB, particularly proteins. Response surface methodology (RSM) design andultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) are employed to optimize a protein-enriched fraction extraction process.Analysis of CAB-Protein-Pellet composition reveals that its main constituents are sugars (42.49 %) and proteins(22.10 %). HPSEC analysis confirmed the existence of a new natural protein-polysaccharide complex (PPC), anhigh level of Ara (11.85 g/100 g) and Gal (17.45 g/100 g) indicating the presence of polysaccharides rich inarabinose and galactose (PRAG) with the main class of polymers in the CAB-PPC being AGPs. MIR-FTIR and 1HNMR spectra allowed new insights into the structural features of the PPC derived from CA. The effects of proteinpolysaccharideinteractions within CAB-PPC on structure and functionality were investigated, revealing interestingfunctional properties and their correlation relationship. The findings highlight some similarities betweenCAB-PPC and gum Arabic with minor differences. The interfacial tension of CAB-PPC (21.32 mN/m) was lowerthan that of gum Arabic (23.71 mN/m). Therefore, CAB-PPC could be suitable for a range of food applicationsincluding thickening, stabilization, gelling, water retention, emulsification, and foaming
Open frameworks in the Na xMn y(P 2O 7) mF n fluoro-pyrophosphates system
No full textInternational audienceThree new sodium manganese fluoro-pyrophosphate compounds, namely, Na5.5Mn1.5(P2O7)2F0.5 (I), Na7Mn0.75(P2O7)2F2 (II), and Na9Mn3(P2O7)4F (III), have been synthesized by heating a mixture of NaPF6, Na2PO3F or NaH2PO4 with different Mn sources in NaNO3 and KNO3 fluxes. The structures of the title compounds were characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). II is characteristic of a shell of Na+ ions that encloses one [Mn0.75(P2O7)2F2]7− unit, whereas I and III reveal three-dimensional (3D) frameworks that consist of MnO6, Mn/NaO5F0.5 octahedra or MnO6 octahedra and distorted MnO5 square pyramids with P2O7 units, where Na+ cations reside in different-membered ring one-dimensional (1D) tunnels. The estimated total Na+ ion conductivity for a pellet of III in open air is 10−5 S cm−1 at 400 °C, which is lower than that of many NASICON-type compounds at room temperature, with a higher activation energy of 0.89 eV for III compared to the value of ∼0.4 eV for high-performance sodium ion conductors. The analysis of Na+ diffusion pathways revealed that percolation occurs through a zig-zag chain along the b axis via the bond valence energy landscape approach. Detailed characterization, such as spectroscopic and magnetic properties and specific heat for III, is also reported
The Eye and the Flesh: Céline, Bataille, and the Fascination with Death
No full textInternational audienceThis paper argues that Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Georges Bataille use voyeurism as a transgressive mechanism to confront death through the female body, a paradoxical site of life and decay. Though Céline’s clinical, disenchanted gaze contrasts with Bataille’s erotic, metaphysical quest, both employ the act of seeing to reveal death’s presence within vitality. In Céline’s works, voyeurism shifts from erotic curiosity to cold observation, framing the female body as a sterile emblem of mortality. In Bataille’s, it becomes participatory, merging ecstasy with dissolution in a sacred yet destructive form. Drawing on Freud and Sodom motifs, this study shows how their gazes transform the female body into a lens for existential finitude, challenging life–death boundaries in 20th-century French literature
Selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid: a critical review
No full textInternational audienceThe direct oxidation of propane to acrylic acid (AA) has emerged as a promising route for AA production, leveraging the abundant availability of propane as a feedstock. Among various catalysts, mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalysts, particularly those containing vanadium (V), tellurium (Te), and niobium (Nb), have garnered extensive attention due to their exceptional capabilities for C–H bond activation and high selectivity toward AA. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in understanding the structural and phase composition of MMO catalysts, and elucidates the roles of V, Te, and Nb as active sites in propane activation, intermediate stabilization, and selective oxidation. Furthermore, strategic approaches to enhance catalytic performance are critically discussed. These include elemental doping or substitution (e.g., with alkali/alkaline earth metals, rare earth elements, Mn, Bi, W, Cu, Co, Zr, Cr, and P) and the assembly of metal oxides (such as TiO2 and SiO2). In parallel, the optimization of reaction parameters – such as feed composition, temperature, and contact time – is analyzed to establish correlations between process conditions and catalytic efficiency. Beyond catalyst design and reaction engineering, innovative reactor configurations are explored as a means to improve overall process performance. These configurations include modifications of conventional fixed-bed reactors, as well as the exploitation of cyclic/pulse and fluidized-bed reactors
Salesperson social loneliness, ethical behaviors, and performance: a two-wave study
No full textInternational audiencePrevious research indicates that social loneliness adversely impacts a salesperson’s mental health and well-being. However, little is known about its effects outside the salesperson (i.e., on their customer-directed behaviors and performance). This study explores the connections between salesperson social loneliness, ethical behaviors, and objective sales performance, along with testing the moderating roles of agreeableness and extraversion. Our findings reveal that social loneliness negatively affects ethical behaviors, and this decline in ethical conduct ultimately undermines sales performance. Importantly, agreeableness lessens, while extraversion intensifies, the adverse impact of loneliness on ethical behaviors. This highlights a reversal of effects for extroverts, suggesting that managers should consider these personality traits when addressing social loneliness and its influence on performance
Une interface XAI pour des modèles d'apprentissage automatique à base d'arbres
No full textNational audienceDans le cadre d'une tâche de prédiction en IA explicable, nous proposons un protocole pour régir les interactions entre un modèle d'apprentissage automatique à base d'arbres (le système d'IA) et son utilisateur U. Nous nous plaçons dans le cas où les connaissances de U sur la tâche de prédiction peuvent être représentées par un ensemble cohérent mais incomplet de règles de classement qui sont supposées fiables. Le protocole proposé a pour objectif d'aider U à décider quoi faire de chaque prédiction effectuée par l'IA : l'accepter ou la rejeter. Il vise également à améliorer la qualité des futures prédictions faites par l'IA en l'améliorant grâce à l'expertise de U, et, réciproquement, à compléter les connaissances de U en s'appuyant sur les prédictions faites par l'IA
Inside the black box of population growth : tracing the roots of unified growth theory
No full textInternational audienceThis article traces the roots of Unified Growth Theory, a strand of growth theory that aims atexplaining the patterns of economic development over the very long-run, in various attempts toopen the black box into which population growth was initially put. Doing so tells a story of longstanding efforts to unify theories of stagnation and sustained growth, the distinct object of studyof two fields that parted ways in the mid 20th century, development economics and growth theory,by building a theory of the entire process of development in which population dynamics plays acentral role. Unified growth models have become an integral part of growth theory alongsideendogenous growth models, and their respective trajectories share similarities, as the treatment ofpopulation growth as a black box mirrors that of technological progress in the development ofpost-war growth economics
Proceedings of the 2025 XCSP3 Competition
No full textThis document represents the proceedings of the 2025 XCSP3 Competition. The results of this competition of constraint solvers were presented at CP'25 (31st International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming)