Repository of Doctoral School, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek
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Characterisation of the phenotype, transcriptional markers and T cell receptor repertoire of circulating MAIT and γδ T lymphocytes in psoriasis vulgaris
No full textPsoriasis vulgaris is a chronic T-cell driven autoinflammatory dermatosis in which unconventional mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and γδ T cells play poorly understood roles. Through a comprehensive characterisation of circulating MAIT and γδ T cells, this study revealed alterations in their frequencies, transcriptional profiles, TCR repertoires, and phenotypic and functional properties, influenced by disease duration, severity, age and sex, elucidating their contribution to disease pathogenesis.psoriasis vulgaris, γδ T cells, MAIT cell
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPREAD OF DISINFORMATION AND FAKE NEWS THROUGH INTERNET SOCIAL NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATION PLATFORMS
No full textProdukcija dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti (engl. fake news), ponajprije u svrhe propagande i manipulacije, te njihovo širenje usmenim putem, postojali su još u antičko doba, no prvi su put u pisanom obliku masovnije zabilježeni pojavom, širenjem i dostupnošću tiska. Razvojem medija, osobito masovnih poput radija i televizije, vijesti su se sve brže i lakše širile, ali je paralelno rasla i opasnost od diseminacije dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. Pojavom i razvojem interneta i, uskoro, društvenih mreža i komunikacijskih platformi, odnosno društvenomrežnih aplikacija, kao globalnih komunikacijskih fenomena, ova je problematika zadnjih godina poprimila zabrinjavajuće razmjere. Imajući u vidu niz činjenica proizišlih iz prethodno provedenih istraživanja – da građani sve više kao izvor vijesti koriste društvene mreže, da se povećava broj onih koji čitaju isključivo digitalizirane vijesti te da je Facebook za gotovo polovicu ispitanih građana najvažniji medij za traženje, čitanje, gledanje i širenje/prosljeđivanje vijesti, kao i da ljudi sve više preferiraju da im izvori vijesti i istine budu prijatelji i kontakti na internetu – nužno je iz više aspekata sagledati sve prisutniji fenomen tzv. viralnoga širenja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. Uz teorijski okvir problematike te pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja na ovu temu, u ovoj se doktorskoj disertaciji istražuju obilježja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti, ali i osoba koje mogu utjecati na njihovo širenje posredstvom društvenih mreža i komunikacijskih platformi. Ispituje se i povezanost i međusobni odnos sklonosti širenju dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti s političkim (politička orijentacija, razina povjerenja u društvene institucije), političko-psihološkim (sklonost teorijama zavjere) i sociodemografskim (dob, spol, stupanj obrazovanja,socioekonomski status) obilježjima ispitanika te sa specifičnim obilježjima sadržaja i forme vijesti (naslov, fotografija, duljina vijesti) kao prediktora predmetne sklonosti. Kako bi se došlo do odgovora na postavljena istraživačka pitanja, u istraživanju su primijenjena tri istraživačka postupka: anketno istraživanje, polustrukturirani dubinski intervjui i deskstraživačka metoda. Dubinski intervjui, u kojima su sudjelovali stručnjaci iz različitih područja koji se bave ovom temom, poslužili su kako bi se razriješile terminološke nedoumice te testirala jedna opća hipoteza vezana uz obilježja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. Utvrđeno je da se stručnjaci i praktičari slažu u tome kako fenomen dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti nipošto nije nov, nego da ima svoje korijene u samim začetcima ljudske komunikacije. Također, utvrđeno je da je vjerojatnost širenja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti veća kod vijesti s istaknutijim
2 naslovima i s istaknutijim fotografijama, ali da duljina vijesti nije povezana s vjerojatnošću širenja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. Anketno istraživanje provedeno na prigodnom uzorku poslužilo je za provjeru tri opće hipoteze povezane s obilježjima osoba kao prediktorima širenja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. Utvrđeno je da ekstremnija politička orijentacija povećava vjerojatnost širenja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti, dok je odbačena hipoteza po kojoj su osobe koje imaju manje povjerenja u društvene institucije sklonije širenju dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. Potvrđena je hipoteza po kojoj su određene političko-psihološke dispozicije, posebice vjerovanje u teorije zavjere, pozitivno korelirane sa sklonošću prema širenju dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti. S druge strane, odbačena je hipoteza da su određena sociodemografska obilježja prediktori širenja dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti, s obzirom da se dob, spol, stupanj obrazovanja i dohodak po članu kućanstva nisu pokazali kao statistički značajni prediktori.
Na kraju doktorske disertacije navodi se kratak pregled već postojećih načina i mjera, ali i neki prijedlozi potencijalnih načina, preporuka i predloženih smjernica za efikasniju borbu protiv produkcije i diseminacije dezinformacija i lažnih vijesti.The production of disinformation and fake news, primarily for the purposes of propaganda and
manipulation, and their spread by word of mouth, existed in ancient times, but for the first time
they were recorded in written form on a larger scale with the appearance, spread and availability
of printed media. With the development of media, especially mass ones such as radio and
television, news spread faster and easier, but the danger of dissemination of disinformation and
fake news also grew in parallel. With the emergence and development of the Internet and, soon,
social networks and communication platforms, that is, social network applications, as global
communication phenomena, this issue has taken on worrying proportions in recent years.
Bearing in mind a number of facts derived from previously conducted research - that citizens
are increasingly using social networks as a source of news, that the number of those who only
read digitized news is increasing, and that for almost half of the surveyed citizens, Facebook is
the most important medium for searching, reading, watching and dissemination/forwarding of
news, as well as the fact that people increasingly prefer their sources of news and truth to be
their friends and contacts on the Internet - it is necessary to look at the increasingly present
phenomenon of the so-called viral spread of disinformation and fake news. In addition to the
theoretical framework of the issue and an overview of previous research on this topic, this
doctoral dissertation examines the characteristics of disinformation and fake news, as well as
the people who can influence their spread through social networks and communication
platforms. The connection and interrelationship of the tendency to spread disinformation and
fake news with the political (political orientation, level of trust in social institutions), politicalpsychological
(propensity for conspiracy theories) and sociodemographic (age, gender, level of
education, socioeconomic status) characteristics of the respondents are also examined, and with
specific characteristics of the content and form of the news (headline, photo, length of the news)
as predictors of subject preference.
In order to find answers to the research questions, three research procedures were applied in the
research: survey research, semi-structured in-depth interviews and the desk research method.
An in-depth interviews, in which experts from different fields dealing with this topic
participated, served to resolve terminological doubts and to test a general hypothesis related to
the characteristics of disinformation and fake news. It was foud that experts and practitioners
agree that the phenomenon of disinformation and fake news is by no means new, but has its
roots in the very beginnings of human communication. Also, it was determined that the
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probability of spreading disinformation and fake news is higher for news with more noticeable
headlines and with more noticeable photos, but that the length of the news is not related to the
probability of spreading disinformation and fake news. Survey research conducted on a
convenient sample served to verify three general hypotheses related to the characteristics of
people as predictors of the spread of disinformation and fake news. It was found that a more
extreme political orientation increases the probability of spreading disinformation and fake
news, while the hypothesis that people who have less trust in social institutions are more
inclined to spread disinformation and fake news was rejected. The hypothesis was confirmed,
according to which certain political-psychological dispositions, especially belief in conspiracy
theories, are positively correlated with the tendency to spread disinformation and fake news.
On the other hand, the hypothesis that certain sociodemographic characteristics are predictors
of the spread of disinformation and fake news was rejected, given that age, gender, level of
education and income per household member did not prove to be statistically significant
predictors.
At the end of the doctoral dissertation, there is a brief overview of already existing solutions
and measures, but also some suggestions of potential measures, recommendations and proposed
guidelines for a more efficient fight against the production and dissemination of disinformation
and fake news
STRATEGIC DECISION-MAKING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OPERA AND BALLET IN NATIONAL THEATERS
No full textU kontekstu sve izraženijih izazova upravljanja javnim kazališnim ustanovama, ovo istraživanje usmjereno je na analizu modela strateškog odlučivanja s posebnim naglaskom na nacionalna glazbena kazališta – Operu i Balet – unutar kompleksno strukturiranih institucija koje integriraju tri autonomne umjetničke djelatnosti: Dramu, Operu i Balet. Polazište istraživanja čini analiza upravljačkih modela u okviru suvremenih kulturnih politika, institucionalnih reformi i zahtjeva javne službe definirane Zakonom o kazališnoj djelatnosti. Istraživanje se temelji na metodologiji koja objedinjuje kvalitativne intervjue i kvantitativnu analizu institucionalnih podataka. Posebna je pozornost posvećena izazovima integracije različitih umjetničkih djelatnosti u jedinstvenoj organizacijskoj strukturi. Rezultati ukazuju na potrebu profesionalizacije upravljačkih struktura, jačanja participativnosti i transparentnosti te usklađivanja s načelima kulturne održivosti. Zaključno, rad donosi preporuke za unaprjeđenje strateškog odlučivanja u cilju postizanja institucionalne izvrsnosti, umjetničke autonomije i društvene relevantnosti javnih kazališta u Republici Hrvatskoj.In the context of increasingly complex challenges in the governance of public theatres, this research examines models of strategic decision-making, with a particular focus on national music theatres – Opera and Ballet – operating within tripartite institutional frameworks that encompass Drama, Opera, and Ballet. The starting point of the research is the analysis of governance models within the scope of contemporary cultural policies, institutional reforms, and the requirements of public service as defined by the Theatre Act. A mixed methodological approach was applied, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative institutional data analysis. Special attention is given to the challenges arising from the integration of diverse artistic disciplines within a unified organisational structure. The study includes a case analysis of the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb, the central national theatre institution. The findings indicate the need for the professionalisation of management structures, enhancement of participatory and transparent practices, and alignment with the principles of cultural sustainability. In conclusion, the dissertation offers recommendations for improving strategic decision-making aimed at achieving institutional excellence, artistic autonomy, and the societal relevance of public theatres in the Republic of Croatia
Impact of environmental factors on genomic structural variation
No full textStrukturne varijante (SV) su oblik genetičke varijacije koja utječe na fenotip, pridonoseći biološkoj raznolikosti i bolestima. Ova disertacija istražuje utjecaj okoliša na strukturne varijante unutar jedne generacije na mišjem modelu u pokusu prehrane bogate mastima i na mikroevolucijskoj razini kod prirodnih populacija meksičke tetre (Astyanax mexicanus) uslijed prilagodbe na život u podzemlju. Genomske analize podataka optičkog mapiranja genoma i sekvenciranja sljedeće generacije otkrile su da okolišni čimbenici pojačavaju postojeću strukturnu varijaciju u genomu, dok selekcija oblikuje funkcionalne prilagodbe, pretežito kroz povećanje broja kopija.Structural variants (SVs) are a form of genetic variation that affects phenotype, contributing to biological diversity and disease. This dissertation explores environmental impacts on SVs within a single generation in mice fed high-fat diet and, on a microevolutionary scale, in natural populations of the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) upon adaptation to subterranean environment. Genomic analyses of genome optical mapping and next generation sequencing data revealed that environmental factors amplify variation at sites of existing SVs, and that selection shapes functional adaptations, mainly through copy-number increase
Impact of anthracycline-based chemotherapy on oxidative stress, inflammation and methylation status of RB1 gene in peripheral blood in patients with sarcoma
No full textOvo istraživanje provedeno na kohorti bolesnika sa sarkomom pokazalo je da bolesnici sa sarkomom mogu imati promjenu metilacije gena RB1 u leukocitima periferne krvi te da se viša razina upale i niža razina antioksidansa u perifernoj krvi može povezati s većim tumorskim opterećenjem. Niža razina oksidacijskog stresa i upale te snižena metilacija CpG85 gena RB1 nakon kemoterapije antraciklinima odražava njen pozitivan učinak.This study conducted on a cohort of patients with sarcoma showed that patients with sarcoma may have changes in the methylation of the RB1 gene in peripheral blood leucocytes, and that higher levels of inflammation and lower levels of antioxidants in peripheral blood can be associated with greater tumor burden. The lower levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, along with the reduced methylation of the CpG85 region of the RB1 gene after anthracycline chemotherapy, reflect its positive effect
THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL LIBRARY IN E-EDUCATION
No full textTema doktorske disertacije je e-obrazovanje i uloga školske knjižnice u procesu integracije eobrazovanja
u rad školske knjižnice kako bi se adekvatno odgovorilo potrebama suvremenog
odgojno-obrazovnog procesa. Disertacija donosi spoznaje na temelju pregleda i analize
objavljene literature s područja informacijskih znanosti i školskog knjižničarstva te pedagogije,
uporabe informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije i web 2.0 alata u obrazovanju. Cilj
disertacije je na temelju teorijskih postavki i novih teorija obrazovanja, primjera dobre prakse
i taksativno navedenih web 2.0 alata te mrežnih mjesta i istraživanja percepcije uloge školske
knjižnice u e-obrazovanju od strane njezinih korisnika ispitati mogućnosti razvoja eobrazovanja
u školskim knjižnicama osnovnih i srednjih škola. Ova disertacija kroz dva
istraživanja provedena među odgojno-obrazovnim djelatnicima i učenicima odabranih
osnovnih i srednjih škola Brodsko-posavske županije donosi analizu rezultata istraživanja koji
pokazuju kako današnju školsku knjižnicu percipiraju njezini korisnici, učenici, učitelji,
nastavnici, profesori i stručni suradnici, ali i kako se vodstvo škole odnosi prema školskoj
knjižnici. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na to da je svim korisnicima školskih knjižnica jasno
da bez digitalizacije i implementacije informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije, ali i dobrih i
kvalitetnih temelja odgoja i obrazovanja, te razvoja kritičkog mišljenja, suvremenu školsku
knjižnicu nije moguće zamisliti. Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su glavnu hipotezu rada da
školske knjižnice trebaju integrirati e-obrazovanje u svoj rad kako bi odgovorile potrebama
svojih korisnika kojima su danas potrebne visoko razvijene digitalne kompetencije i koji trebaju
razviti pismenosti 21. stoljeća s posebnim naglaskom na digitalnu, informacijsku i medijsku
pismenost. Uočene spoznaje na kraju disertacije sintetiziraju se kroz model knjižničnog
kurikuluma koji školskim knjižnicama omogućuje konstruktivnu integraciju IKT-a u odnosu na
uočene teorijske postavke te potrebe korisnika knjižnica za povećanjem digitalnih
kompetencija. Praktična razina znanstvenog doprinosa vidljiva je u izrađenom Knjižničnom
kurikulumu međupredmetne teme Uporaba IKT-a kroz pet odgojno-obrazovnih ciklusa, kao i
u mogućnosti korištenja rezultata istraživanja kao polazne točke za nova istraživanja, osobito
vezanih uz uporabu umjetne inteligencije u odgojno-obrazovnom sustavu danas i u budućnostiThe theme of this doctoral dissertation is e-education and the role of the school library in the
process of integrating e-education into the operations of the school library to adequately meet
the needs of the modern educational process. The dissertation presents insights based on a
review and analysis of published literature in the fields of information science and school
librarianship, pedagogy, the use of information and communication technology, and Web 2.0
tools in education. The aim of the dissertation is, based on theoretical foundations and new
theories of education, examples of good practice, a detailed list of Web 2.0 tools and online
resources, and research on the perception of the school library's role in e-education by its users,
to explore the possibilities for the development of e-education in school libraries of primary
and secondary schools. This dissertation, through two studies conducted among educational
staff and students of selected primary and secondary schools in the Brod-Posavina County,
provides an analysis of the research results that show how today's school library is perceived
by its users: students, teachers, professors, and professional associates, as well as how the
school leadership views the school library. The research results indicate that all users of school
libraries understand that without digitization and the implementation of information and
communication technology, along with good and quality foundations in education and the
development of critical thinking, the modern school library cannot be imagined. The research
results confirmed the main hypothesis of the study that school libraries need to integrate eeducation
into their work to meet the needs of their users, who today require highly developed
digital competencies and need to develop 21st-century literacies, with a special emphasis on
digital, information, and media literacy. The findings observed at the end of the dissertation are
synthesized through a Library Curriculum Model that allows school libraries to constructively
integrate ICT in relation to the observed theoretical foundations and the needs of library users
for increasing digital competencies. The practical level of scientific contribution is visible in
the developed Library Curriculum for the cross-curricular theme of ICT Use through five
educational cycles, as well as in the potential use of the research results as a starting point for
new research, especially related to the use of artificial intelligence in the educational system
today and in the futur
GENERATIONAL VALUE DIFFERENCES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
No full textDisertacija se bavi temom vrijednosnih razlika između generacijskih kohorti te pitanjem kako te vrijednosti utječu na motivaciju korištenja novih informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija. Osnovni je cilj disertacije analizirati vrijednosne razlike između različitih generacijskih kohorti te utvrditi kako navedene razlike utječu na zadovoljavanje potreba na internetskim društvenim mrežama, tj. razlikuju li se potrebe u generacijskom smislu. Kako iz vrijednosti slijede potrebe, a time i pretpostavljene razlike u upotrebi internetskih društvenih mreža, u glavnoj hipotezi rada tvrdi se kako će mlađe generacije („Y“ i „Z“) biti otvorenije prema novim tehnologijama, a da će starije generacije („X“ i „Baby Boom“) imati konzervativniji i oprezniji pristup kada su u pitanju promjene pa tako i prihvaćanje novih medija. Empirijsko istraživanje obuhvaća analizu generacijskih kohorti i njihove vrijednosti prema Schwartzovoj teoriji vrijednosti, kao i analizu generacijskih razlika u korištenju internetskih društvenih mreža te vrsta potreba koje se na njima zadovoljavaju.The dissertation discusses value differences between generational cohorts, and the question how these values affect their use of new information and communication technologies. Its main objective is to analyse value differences between different generational cohorts, determine their effects on the satisfaction of needs on online social media, and determine whether there are any differences between the needs of different generations. Considering that needs, and by extension also the assumed differences in the use of social media, are derived from values, the main hypothesis of the dissertation is that younger generations (“Y” and “Z”) are more open to new technologies, whereas older generations (“X” and “Baby Boomers”) take a more conservative and cautious approach to changes, including the acceptance of new media. The empirical research comprises an analysis of generational cohorts and their values based on Schwartz's theory of values, along with an analysis of the differences in how different generations use social media, and which types of needs they satisfy.
Generation Z, or the New Millennials, are the true digital natives, who were born and raised with high-speed internet, smartphones and social media. Global, fluid identity, rulebreakers, and niche-oriented are some of the words commonly associated with them. They are the generation that consults Alexa or Siri to learn about global events1 (Yamamoto, 2018). The question is, however, how the digital immigrants, such as Generation X and the Baby Boomers, are faring in this digital company? The analogue generations that searched libraries and books instead of searching Google, that wear wristwatches and set alarm clocks to wake them up in the morning, that consider e-mail an advanced information and communication skill?
This clash of generations intrigued us and drove us to explore and identify the differences between generations, and their manifestations in online habits.
The dissertation is divided into several sections. The first section comprises the theoretical framework, explaining and defining generational cohorts and values, and defining their correlation. This section is important because it will later serve as a part of the methodological framework, the research section, and finally the interpretation of research results. Shalom H. Schwartz developed the most prominent theory and study of values in recent years, which the
1 A virtual assistant (artificial intelligence), or intelligent personal assistant, is a software mediator that carries out commands or performs services in accordance with individually based commands or questions. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Alexa-Voice-Services-AVS https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Siri 11.10.2020.
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authors will use as the model to identify the values associated with each generational cohort. Next, the authors define media generations and their respective media, and explain the uses and gratifications theory, which will be used in the research section to try and determine the gratifications provided by the consumption of new social media. The theoretical section of the paper further defines in detail the new media and communication technologies, mainly elaborating on Web 2.0, which facilitated a complete shift of the communicational paradigm by making the development of interactive social media possible. The social form of the new social media will create the digital divide, splitting people into those who were born in the digital age, and those who were born before it. This phenomenon is one of the key motivations for this research: the authors seek to determine how generational cohorts navigate the new online environment and how they behave in it, how they use the new information and communication technologies, how they consume the new media, and which uses and gratifications they gain. Finally, this shift of media paradigm, introducing a two-way, interactive communication, and allowing consumers to participate in the creation of online content, gave rise to a new type of media content consumers – the prosumers2 (derived from the words “producer” and “consumer”), who produce and consume content at the same time.
The second section summarizes recent studies that were used as a basis and foundation to provide a broader view of the different areas and fields related to this topic.
Methodological considerations and research framework are discussed in the third section, whose primary purpose is to identify the objective of scientific research.
This dissertation makes its primary scientific contribution by studying the mediation effect of value differences on the differences between generations in their use of online social media. Using descriptive indicators and two theories (Schwartz's theory of values, and the uses and gratifications theory), the dissertation investigates how many of the differences in the use of social media can be ascribed to differences in values, and how many to other factors (generational trends, the media's marketing orientation, and so on). Considering the subject of our research – four generational cohorts, the differences in their values, and the effect of these differences on their motivation to use online social media – and considering the findings of similar past studies in this field, the expected scientific contribution of this dissertation also includes the analysis of the correlations between generational cohorts and values, value
2 The English word prosumer is a combination of “producer” and “consumer”, referring to a person who produces and consumes content at the same time. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/prosumer 27.10.2020
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differences, and their impact on the motivation for the use of social media – variables that have not been linked by past studies. Its scientific contribution is also reflected in the detailed elaboration of personal and social factors impacting the use of social media and the gratifications obtained from them. The dissertation also determines the fundamental value differences and their impact on online behaviour on social media. It identifies the motives for use and the ways to reliably predict the consumption and production of social media content based on individual preferences of each generational cohort included in the research.
The dissertation's important scientific contribution is also reflected in the interpretation of the obtained results, especially where they can be used in business models related to advertising and promotion on social media, as well as the production of content that could be offered to generational cohorts in accordance with their preferences and profitability
BIOGAS PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM FOOD INDUSTRY WASTE STREAMS
No full textIndustrija proizvodnje čipsa, flipsa i drugih snack proizvoda proizvodi značajnu količinu otpada tijekom svog proizvodnog procesa, koji uključuje otpad nastao pripremom sirovina i tijekom tehnoloških faza proizvodnje. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti otpadne tokove bogate organskim tvarima u industriji proizvodnje čipsa, flipsa i drugih snack proizvoda, te analizirati njihov potencijal za anaerobnu obradu i proizvodnju bioplina. Također, rad se fokusira na procjenu prinosa bioplina, izraženog kroz bioplinski i biometanski potencijal, temeljen na biorazgradivim količinama otpada koji nastaju u promatranoj industriji.
Nakon provedenih laboratorijskih ispitivanja suhe tvari, vlage, hlapljive tvari i pepela kod ispitivanih otpadnih tokova, najveći udio suhe tvari zabilježen je u uzorku otpadnog čipsa, (98,45%). Neznatno manji udio suhe tvari zabilježen je u uzorku mješavine flipsa/kokičara/kokičara neispucanog/rice snacka. Najveći udio hlapljive tvari opažen je u uzorcima otpadnog ulja suncokret/palma, 99,99%, a najmanji udio hlapljive tvari opažen je u uzorku iz škrobne taložnice gdje je ista iznosila 75,64%. Najmanji udio pepela imao je uzorak ulja suncokret/palma dok je uzorak iz škrobne taložnice imao najveći udio pepela. Sve vrijednosti KPK također ukazuju, da su supstrati povoljni za proizvodnju bioplina. Kod ispitivanja bioplinskog i biometanskog potencijala, udjela metana te biorazgradljivosti, uočen je najniži bioplinski potencijal kod uzorka iz škrobne taložnice, 359 NL/kg s.tv. Uzorak iz škrobne taložnice ima i najniži biometanski potencijal od 228 NL/kg s.tv. te biorazgradljivost od 42,0%. Dobiveni rezultati u skladu su s očekivanim s obzirom na to da od svih ispitivanih uzoraka, uzorak iz škrobne taložnice ima najmanji udio hlapljive (organske) tvari zbog čega je i biorazgradljivost posljedično najmanja u odnosu na ostale promatrane uzorke. Najveća biorazgradljivost uočena je za škrob i iznosila je 93,1%. Rezultati ukazuju na važnost odabira odgovarajućih otpadnih tokova za anaerobnu digestiju, kako bi se optimizirao prinos bioplina i iskorištavanje organskog otpada kao izvora energije.The potato chip, flip, and other snack food production industry generates a considerable amount of waste during the manufacturing process, encompassing waste from raw material preparation as well as various technological stages of production. This study aimed to investigate waste streams rich in organic matter from the production of chips, flips, and other snack products, analyzing their potential for anaerobic digestion and biogas production. Additionally, the study focused on assessing biogas yield, expressed in terms of biogas and biomethane potential, based on the biodegradable fractions of waste generated within the industry. Laboratory analyses of dry matter, moisture, volatile matter, and ash content in the investigated waste streams revealed that chip samples exhibited the highest dry matter content (98.45%). A slightly lower dry matter content was recorded in a mixture comprising flips, popcorn, unpopped popcorn, and rice snacks. The highest volatile matter content was measured in sunflower/palm oil waste (99.99%), whereas the lowest was in starch sludge samples (75.64%). The sunflower/palm oil sample had the lowest ash content, while the starch sludge sample exhibited the highest ash content. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values for all samples indicate that the substrates are suitable for biogas production. Regarding biogas and biomethane potential, methane content, and biodegradability, the starch sludge sample displayed the lowest biogas potential (359 NL/kg of dry matter) and the lowest biomethane potential (228 NL/kg of dry matter), with a biodegradability rate of 42.0%. These results align with expectations, as the starch sludge sample contained the lowest proportion of volatile (organic) matter, leading to reduced biodegradability compared to other samples. Conversely, the highest biodegradability, measured at 93.1%, was observed in the starch sample. The findings underscore the significance of selecting suitable waste streams for anaerobic digestion to maximize biogas production and enhance the utilization of organic waste as a renewable energy source
SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS AND INFORMATION CHANNELS IN THE ACCEPTANCE OF CHIROPRACTIC
No full textBroj ljudi koji se služe komplementarnim i alternativnim metodama liječenja (engl. complementary and alternative medicine, CAM) u stalnom je porastu. Takav porast sukladan je strukturi (sklopu) postmaterijalističkih vrijednosti koji naglašava važnost kvalitete života, osobnog razvoja, samoekspresije, promicanja brige o sebi te ulaganja u vlastito zdravlje, a dodatno se ističe u svijetlu modernizma kao konzumeristički čin. Osobna odgovornost bitna je u kontekstu CAM-a te kiropraktičarskih tretmana, jer pacijenti aktivno sudjeluju u vlastitom liječenju. Važnost informiranosti o kiropraktici ključna je pri njezinom izboru, jer u Republici Hrvatskoj kiropraktika nije regulirana kao zdravstvena medicinska usluga te korisnici nisu jednoznačno upoznati s razinom edukacije dostupnog kiropraktičara. Iz tog razloga važno je razumjeti kako pojedinci dolaze do informacija o kiropraktici te kako njihovi stavovi, sociokulturna i sociodemografska obilježja utječu na poznavanje i korištenje kiropraktike. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitivanje povezanosti vrijednosnih sustava i stavova ispitanika prema kiropraktici te njihove informiranosti o njoj. U radu se polazi od četiriju hipoteza, operacionalizacijom kojih se provjerava pozitivna prediktivnost postmaterijalističkih vrijednosti u korištenju CAM-a općenito te kiropraktike, razmjerno veća sklonost postmaterijalista informiranju o kiropraktici korištenjem novih medija, utjecaj sociodemografskih, sociopsiholoških i sociokulturnih obilježja pojedinca na korištenje kiropraktike te korelacija razmjerno manjeg stupnja prihvaćanja postmaterijalističkih vrijednosti s prihvaćanjem kiropraktike više kao kurativne nego kao preventivne metode liječenja. Istraživanje provedeno s pomoću anketnoga upitnika na reprezentativnom uzorku i studije slučaja kroz dubinski intervju potvrdilo je sve postavljene hipoteze. Postmaterijalisti, koji vrednuju otvorenost prema novim pristupima i holističkom zdravlju, skloniji su CAM-u te imaju povjerenja u navedene metode, dok materijalisti preferiraju tradicionalne vrijednosti. Digitalne izvore informiranja o kiropraktici, kao i znanstvene članke češće koriste postmaterijalisti, a materijalisti tradicionalne medije. Sociodemografski, sociopsihološki i sociokulturni činitelji bitno utječu na sklonost korištenju i nastavku korištenja kiropraktike. Konačno, materijalisti koriste kiropraktiku isključivo u svrhu rješavanja postojećih zdravstvenih problema, a postmaterijalisti pokazuju sklonost prema preventivnoj upotrebi. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pridonijet će zdravstvenoj edukaciji, istraživanju tržišta te podizanju svijesti korisnika kiropraktike i CAM-a općenito te zdravstvenih djelatnika o kanalima i sredstvima informiranja pri odabiru neke od navedenih metoda.The number of people using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is steadily increasing. This rise is consistent with the structure of post-materialist values, which emphasize the importance of quality of life, personal development, self-expression, promoting self-care, investing in one’s health, and is further highlighted in the context of modernism as a consumerist act. Personal responsibility is crucial in CAM and chiropractic treatments, as patients actively participate in their own healing. Awareness of chiropractic care is key since chiropractic is not regulated as a medical health service in Croatia, and users are not necessarily informed about the level of education of the available chiropractors. Therefore, it is important to understand how individuals obtain information about chiropractic and how their attitudes, sociocultural, and sociodemographic characteristics influence their knowledge and use of chiropractic. The research aims to examine the connection between value systems and respondent's attitudes toward chiropractic and their awareness of it. The study is based on four hypotheses, the operationalization of which tests the positive predictive value of post-materialist values in the use of CAM in general and chiropractic specifically, a greater tendency among post-materialists to inform themselves about chiropractic through new media, the impact of sociodemographic, sociopsychological, and sociocultural characteristics of individuals on the use of chiropractic, and the correlation between a relatively lower degree of acceptance of post-materialist values with accepting chiropractic more as a curative than a preventive treatment method. The research conducted through a survey on a representative sample and a case-study through individual interviews confirmed all the hypotheses. Post-materialists, who value openness to new approaches and holistic health, are more inclined to use CAM and trust these methods, while materialists prefer traditional values. Post-materialists more often use digital sources of information about chiropractic and scientific articles, whereas materialists tend to use traditional media. Sociodemographic, sociopsychological, and sociocultural factors significantly influence the inclination to use and continue using chiropractic. Finally, materialists use chiropractic solely to address existing health issues, while post-materialists use it preventively. The results of this research will contribute to health education, market research, and raising awareness among chiropractic users, CAM users in general, and health professionals about the channels and means of information when choosing any of these methods
THE IDEOLOGY IN CROATIAN MOVIES OF THE 1970s AND 1980s
No full textNaslovom doktorskog rada, predmet istraživanja (ideologija u hrvatskim dugometražnim igranim filmovima) smješten je u konkretni vremenski interval sedamdesetih i osamdesetih (1970. – 1989.) i prostorno je određen (SR Hrvatska, kao integralni dio tadašnje SFRJ). Također upućuje na postojanje nacionalne (hrvatske) kinematografije. Polazeći od glavne hipoteze da je ideologija prisutna i režimski vrednovana u hrvatskim dugometražnim igranim filmovima 1970-ih i 1980-ih, pri čemu su filmovi 1980-ih politički provokativniji, nastojalo se ostvariti sljedeće ciljeve: (1) prepoznati i oblikovati filmske modele na temelju redateljevog prikaza ideologije (uglavnom pozitivan ili uglavnom negativan); (2) istaknuti posljedice njegove političke pravovjernosti ili provokativnosti (kroz princip nagrađivanja, zabranjivanja ili otežavanja prikaza filma pred publikom); (3) komparativno analizirati političku provokativnost u hrvatskom dugometražnom igranom filmu 1970-ih u odnosu na 1980-e. Pritom se istraživački korpus sveo na 18 filmova, na temelju kojih je, različitim metodama, prepoznato, razvrstano i analizirano 8 filmskih modela, ovisno o načinu na koji redatelj iskazuje svoj stav prema ideologiji. Većina ideoloških modela kritizira vladajući socijalizam, podjednako 1970-ih i 1980-ih, no kako je uglavnom riječ o blagoj kritici, redatelji nisu imali većih problema.According to the title of doctoral thesis, the subject of research (ideology in Croatian movies) is located in the precise time of the 1970s and 1980s (1970 – 1989) and is spatially determined (SR Croatia, as an integral part of the SFRY). It also refers to the existence of national (Croatian) cinematography. Starting from the main hypothesis that ideology is represented and valued by the regime in Croatian movies of the 1970s and 1980s, with the movies of the 1980s being more provocative, the following goals were sought to be achieved: (1) to recognize and create movie’s models based on the director’s representation of ideology (mostly positive or mostly negative); (2) to highlight the consequences of his political orthodoxy or provocativeness (through the principle of rewarding, prohibiting or making it difficult to show the movie to the public); (3) to analyze the political provocativeness in the Croatian movies of the 1970s compared to the 1980s. The research corpus was reduced to 18 movies, which were recognized, analyzed and classified into 8 movie’s models, depending on the way the director expresses his attitude towards the ideology. Most ideological models criticize socialism, both in the 1970s and 1980s. The directors did not have major problems because they were mostly slightly critical of socialism