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Possibilities of applying smart contracts when compensating for damage from animals of strictly protected species
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu primarno je predstavljen vuk – strogo zaštićena životinjska vrsta kao glavni uzročnik neprijateljstva s ljudima, njegov direktni utjecaj na poljoprivrednike (stočare) i na njihove domaće životinje. Također, prikazan je postupak procesa naknade štete od vuka te su istaknuti čimbenici koji su doveli do problema isplata šteta. Osim toga, razjašnjena je definicija
pametnih ugovora kako bi se lakše razumjela njihova funkcija i primjena povezana sa problematikom koja se obrađuje kroz cijeli rad. Samim time, ovaj diplomski rad ima za cilj utvrditi moguća rješenja kojima pametni ugovori mogu pomoći u plaćanju pravednije cijene štete koju prouzroče životinje strogo zaštićenih vrsta, kao i isplati naknade štete u realnom vremenu.In this thesis, the wolf is primarily presented - a strictly protected animal species as the main cause of enmity with humans, its direct impact on farmers (herders) and their domestic animals. Also, the process of the wolf compensation process is presented, and the factors that led to problems with the payment of damages are highlighted. In addition, the definition of smart contracts has been clarified in order to make it easier to understand their function and application related to the issues that are addressed throughout the work. Therefore, this thesis aims to determine possible solutions by which
smart contracts can help pay a fairer price for damage caused by animals of strictly protected species, as well as pay compensation in real time
Integration of stificial intelligence into national security systems: perspectives, challanges and applications in the prevention of terrorism
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje ulogu umjetne inteligencije (UI) u jačanju
nacionalne sigurnosti, s posebnim fokusom na prevenciju terorističkih prijetnji. Kroz analizu različitih tehnologija UI, kao što su strojno učenje, analiza velikih podataka, obrada prirodnog jezika i računalni vid, rad prikazuje kako su navedene tehnologije postale ključne za sigurnosne agencije u prepoznavanju i suzbijanju terorističkih aktivnosti. Rad započinje pregledom suvremenih izazova u globalnoj sigurnosti, ističući kako su se terorističke organizacije prilagodile korištenju interneta i društvenih mreža za širenje svojih ideologija i organizaciju napada. Kao odgovor, nacionalne sigurnosne agencije su se okrenule umjetnoj inteligenciji kako bi poboljšale svoje kapacitete za analizu velikih količina podataka i prepoznavanje obrazaca koji ukazuju na potencijalne prijetnje. Središnji dio rada fokusira se na praktične aplikacije UI u sigurnosnim sustavima, uključujući analizu podataka s društvenih mreža, prediktivnu analitiku, prepoznavanje lica te filtriranje
terorističkog sadržaja s interneta. Prediktivni modeli posebno su korisni za analizu povijesnih podataka o terorističkim aktivnostima i predviđanje budućih prijetnji. Uz prednosti, naglašavaju se i izazovi korištenja UI, poput pitanja privatnosti i etike. Korištenje UI za masovnu analizu podataka može narušiti privatnost građana i otvoriti mogućnosti zloupotrebe prikupljenih informacija, što potvrđuje potrebu za strožim etičkim i pravnim okvirima. Kao praktični primjer, rad analizira TikTok, platformu koja je, unatoč svojoj popularnosti, postala prostor za širenje ekstremizma. Izvještaj „Hatescape“ pokazuje da je značajan postotak sadržaja na TikToku povezan s ekstremizmom, uključujući 24% videozapisa koji veličaju teroriste. Kao odgovor, razvijena je aplikacija koja koristi UI za prepoznavanje i uklanjanje terorističkog sadržaja na TikToku, pokazujući kako UI može biti alat za suzbijanje terorizma na društvenim mrežama, ali i ističući potrebu za regulacijom njezine uporabe. 54
Zaključno Zaključno, rad ističe da, iako je umjetna inteligencija moćan alat u borbi protiv terorizma, njena primjena mora biti regulirana kako bi se osigurala zaštita ljudskih prava i etičkih standarda. Potrebna je međunarodna suradnja i uravnotežen pristup za učinkovito korištenje UI u sigurnosnim sustavima.This thesis explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in strengthening national security, witha particular focus on the prevention of terrorist threats. Through the analysis of various AI technologies, such as machine learning, big data analysis, natural language processing and
computer vision, the paper shows how these technologies have become crucial for security agencies in identifying and suppressing terrorist activities. The paper begins with an overview of contemporary challenges in global security, highlighting how terrorist organizations have adapted to the use of the Internet and social networks to spread
their ideologies and organize attacks. In response, national security agencies have turned to artificial intelligence to improve their capacity to analyze large amounts of data and identify patterns that indicate potential threats. The central part of the work focuses on practical applications of UI in security systems, including analysis of data from social networks, predictive analytics, facial recognition and filtering terrorist content from the Internet. Predictive models are particularly useful for analyzing historical dataon terrorist activity and predicting future threats. Along with the benefits, the challenges of using UI, such as privacy and ethical issues, are also highlighted. The use of AI for mass data analysis can violate the privacy of citizens and open the possibility of misuse of collected information, which confirms the need for stricter ethical and legal frameworks. As a practical example, the paper analyzes TikTok, a platform that, despite its popularity, has become a space for the spread of extremism. The Hatescape report shows that a significant percentage of content on TikTok is related to extremism, including 24% of videos glorifying terrorists. In response, an application that uses UI to identify and remove terrorist content on TikTok was developed, showing how UI can be a tool to counter terrorism on social networks, but also highlighting the need to regulate its use. 56 In conclusion, the paper points out that, although artificial intelligence is a powerful tool in the fight against terrorism, its application must be regulated to ensure the protection of human rights and ethical standards. International cooperation and a balanced approach are needed for the effective use of AI in security systems
Action of fire brigades in cases of urban terrorist attacks
No full textTerorizam ostaje sveprisutna prijetnja u suvremenom svijetu, zahtijevajući sveobuhvatne i učinkovite odgovore radi ublažavanja njegovog utjecaja. Središnja uloga u tim odgovorima pripada vatrogasnoj službi, čije su sposobnosti neprocjenjive u kriznim situacijama. Nadalje, inkorporacija uloge vatrogasne službe u nacionalne okvire ključna je za osiguravanje koordiniranih i učinkovitih strategija upravljanja u hitnim situacijama. Ovaj rad istražuje u kojoj mjeri je uloga vatrogasne službe definirana unutar pravnog okvira Hrvatske i pregledava strategije koje primjenjuju druge zemlje. Identificirajući nedostatke i najbolje prakse, ovim istraživanjem cilja se doprinijeti poboljšanju pripremljenosti i odgovora Hrvatske na terorističke prijetnje, što će konačno potaknuti veću otpornost i sigurnost.Terrorism remains a pervasive threat in the contemporary world, necessitating comprehensive and effective responses to mitigate its impact. Central to these responses is the role of the fire service, whose capabilities are invaluable in times of crisis. However, the incorporation of the fire service's role into national frameworks is essential for ensuring coordinated and efficient emergency management strategies. This thesis examines the extent to which the role of the fire service is articulated within the legal framework of Croatia and reviews strategies employed by other countries. By identifying gaps and best practices, this research aims to contribute to the enhancement of Croatia's preparedness and response to terrorist threats, ultimately fostering greater resilience and security
Criminal offence of medical malpractice
No full textPredmet je diplomskog rada kazneno djelo nesavjesnog liječenja. Cilj je rada zakonski prikazati i analizirati kazneno djelo nesavjesnog liječenja te analizirati dva različita sustava odgovornosti zdravstvenih djelatnika i sudske prakse u Republici Hrvatskoj. U Kaznenom zakonu Republike Hrvatske kaznena odgovornost zdravstvenih djelatnika propisana je posebnim kaznenim djelima protiv zdravlja ljudi, u skladu s modelom kaznene odgovornosti zdravstvenih djelatnika koji je karakterističan za sve zemlje bivše Jugoslavije. Kako bi se dokazala kaznenopravna odgovornost zdravstvenog radnika nužno je dokazati kumulativno postojanje četiri elementa kaznenog djela (radnje, bića, protupravnosti i krivnje) u pojedinom slučaju. Štetna posljedica koja nastane treba biti u uzročnoj vezi s povredom pravila zdravstvene struke te se mora ticati znatnog oštećenja zdravlja i biti rezultat liječničke pogreške. Kazneno djelo nesavjesnog liječenja treba biti počinjeno s namjerom ili iz nehaja.
U diplomskom radu analizirana su četiri slučaja iz sudske prakse u kojima se nastojala utvrditi kaznenopravna odgovornost osumnjičenika u slučajevima kaznenog djela nesavjesnog liječenja sa smrtnom posljedicom. Pokazalo se da je počinjenje kaznenog djela nesavjesnog liječenja teško dokazati te da se sudovi prilikom donošenja rješenja u značajnoj mjeri oslanjaju na mišljenja sudskih vještaka, odnosno medicinskih stručnjaka.The subject of this thesis is the criminal offense of medical malpractice. The aim of the paper is to legally present and analyze the criminal offense of negligent treatment and to analyze two different systems of responsibility of health professionals and court practice in the Republic of Croatia. In the Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia, the criminal liability of health care workers is prescribed by special criminal offenses against human health, in accordance with the model of criminal liability of health care workers that is characteristic of all countries of the former Yugoslavia. In order to prove the criminal liability of a healthcare worker, it is necessary to prove the cumulative existence of four elements of a criminal offense (action, being, illegality and guilt) in a particular case. The harmful consequence that occurs must be causally related to the violation of the rules of the health profession and must concern significant damage to health and be the result of a medical error. The criminal offense of medical malpractice must be committed with intent or negligence.
In the final paper, they analyzed four cases from judicial practice in which they tried to determine the criminal liability of suspects in cases of the criminal offense of negligent treatment with fatal consequences. It has been shown that the commission of the criminal offense of negligent treatment is difficult to prove, and that the courts rely to a significant extent on the opinions of court experts, ie medical experts, when making decisions
Application of Artificial Intelligence in society with and emphasis on ethical guidelines
No full textDiplomski rad „Implikacija i primjena umjetne inteligencije u društvo s naglaskom na etičke smjernice“ temelji se na znanstvenim radovima, člancima i knjigama o primjeni UI u društvo i moguće etičke posljedice. UI temelji se, između ostalog, na strojnom učenju, dubokom učenju i algoritmima koji se koristi za obradu podataka. Moderna tehnologija oblikovala je život i utjecala na društvene promjene. U ovom radu analizira se primjena UI u društvo, zatim utjecaj na tržište rada i obrazovanje kao i primjena u različitim industrijama poput zdravstva, financija, transporta, maloprodaje i dr. Etička pitanja prožeta su kroz pitanja transparentnosti, privatnosti i pravičnosti uz etičke kodekse i smjernice za daljnji razvoj i primjenu. Istodobno, etičke smjernice oblikovane su kroz europsku inicijativu i međunarodne smjernice za buduće izazove. Nadalje, analizom konkretnih primjera prikazano je način upotrebe UI te moguće nepravilnosti. U samom završetku, nalazi se sinteza glavnih točaka i izazova za budućnost. Kroz analizu stručne i znanstvene literature, rad pruža kompletan uvid u primjenu UI u društvenu zajednicu, naglašavajući prednost i dobrobit korištenja tehnologije UI, uz naglasak na nedostatke i mogućnost daljnjeg razvoja.Diploma thesis "Implication and application of artificial intelligence in society with an emphasis on ethical guidelines" is based on scientific works, articles and books on the application of artificial intelligence in society and possible ethical consequences. Artificial intelligence is based on machine learning, deep learning and algorithms used to process data.
Modern technology has shaped life and influenced social changes. This paper analyzes the application of artificial intelligence in society, then the impact on the labor market and education, as well as its application in various industries such as health,finance, transport, retail, etc. Ethical issues are permeated through issues of transparency,
privacy and fairness along with ethical codes and guidelines for further development and application. At the same time, ethical guidelines were shaped through a European initiative and international guidelines for future challenges.
Furthermore, by analyzing specific examples, the way artificial intelligence is used and possible irregularities are shown. At the very end, there is a synthesis of the main points and challenges for the future. Through the analysis of professional and scientific literature, the work provides a complete insight into the application of artificial intelligence in the social community, emphasizing the advantages and benefits of using artificial intelligence technology, with an emphasis on the
shortcomings and the possibility of further development
Criminal offences against sexual freedom
No full textU diplomskom radu analizirana su kaznena djela protiv spolne slobode. Cilj je rada bio zakonski prikazati i analizirati kaznena djela protiv spolne slobode, usporediti zakonodavstvo s drugim državama te analizirati statističke podatke vezane za kaznena djela protiv spolne slobode u Republici Hrvatskoj u proteklih nekoliko godina i pojedine slučajeve kaznenih djela protiv spolne slobode. U šesnaestoj glavi Kaznenog zakona kao kaznena djela protiv spolne slobode navode se silovanje, teška kaznena djela protiv spolne slobode, bludne radnje, spolno uznemiravanje te prostitucija. Analiza kaznenih djela protiv spolne slobode u kaznenopravnom sustavu Republike Srbije, Republike Slovenije i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva pokazala je da između Republike Hrvatske i tih država u tom pogledu postoje određene sličnosti, posebno kada je riječ o Republici Srbiji i Republici Sloveniji s obzirom na zajedničku političku-pravnu prošlost. Međutim, očite su i razlike između hrvatskog i preostala tri zakonodavca, kako u izdvajanju pojedinih kaznenih djela protiv spolne slobode koje hrvatski zakonodavac poznaje, tako i u vrstama i visini kazni za počinjenje pojedinih kaznenih djela protiv spolne slobode. Provedena statistička analiza pokazala je da je od 2020. do 2022. godine porastao broj počinjenih kaznenih djela protiv spolne slobode, posebno počinjenih silovanja i bludnih radnji. Analiza odabranih slučajeva počinjenja kaznenih djela protiv spolne slobode iz medija pokazala je da u medijima prevladava dojam da u kaznenopravnim postupcima vezanima za počinjenje kaznenih djela protiv spolne slobode sudovi rijetko dosuđuju visoke zatvorske kazne, odnosno maksimalne zatvorske kazne propisane zakonom. S obzirom na navedeno nužno je posvetiti dodatnu pozornost kaznenim djelima protiv spolne slobode, kako kada je riječ o pravnoj teoriji i zakonskim propisima, tako i u sudskoj praksi koja bi trebala biti ujednačena i predvidljiva.Criminal offenses against sexual freedom are analyzed in this paper. The aim of the paper was to legally present and analyze criminal offenses against sexual freedom, compare the legislation with other countries and analyze statistical data related to criminal offenses against sexual freedom in the Republic of Croatia in the past few years and individual cases of criminal offenses against sexual freedom. Chapter sixteen of the Criminal Code lists rape, serious crimes against sexual freedom, lewd acts, sexual harassment and prostitution as crimes against sexual freedom. The analysis of criminal offenses against sexual freedom in the criminal justice system of the Republic of Serbia, the Republic of Slovenia and the United Kingdom showed that there are certain similarities between the Republic of Croatia and those countries in this respect, especially when it comes to the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Slovenia in view of the common political and legal past. However, there are also obvious differences between the Croatian and the other three legislators, both in the selection of certain criminal offenses against sexual freedom that the Croatian legislator knows, and in the types and amount of punishments for committing certain criminal offenses against sexual freedom. The statistical analysis carried out showed that in the period from 2020 to 2022, the number of crimes committed against sexual freedom, especially rape and fornication, increased. Analysis of selected cases of crimes against sexual freedom from the media showed that the prevailing impression in the media is that in criminal proceedings related to the commission of crimes against sexual freedom, courts rarely award high prison sentences, that is, the maximum prison sentences prescribed by law. In view of the above, it is necessary to pay additional attention to criminal acts against sexual freedom, both when it comes to legal theory and legal regulations, as well as in judicial practice, which should be more uniform and predictable
Determination of active components in hemp oil
No full textCilj: Proizvodi koji sadrže kanabidiol (CBD) su trenutačno veoma popularni.
Konzumiraju se u različite svrhe, a mogu imati blagotvorni učinak na neka zdravstvena stanja. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati sastav komercijalno dostupnih CBD proizvoda u obliku ulja i pasti, te dva dostupna HHC ulja. Ovaj rad imao je za cilj odrediti koncentraciju i udio sljedećih kanabinoida: CBD, CBDA, CBN, THC te HHC, a usporedbom dobivenog udjela kanabinoida s onima navedenim na deklaraciji proizvoda dobili smo uvid u ispravnost popratnih deklaracija.
Metode: Proizvodi od CBD-a ( 20 ulja i 11 pasti) i dva HHC ulja kupljeni su u lokalnim specijaliziranim CBD trgovinama ili putem online trgovine u Hrvatskoj i Sloveniji. Koncentracije CBD, CBDA, CBN, THC i HHC-a su kvantificirane u CBD uljima i pastama, te HHC uljima pomoću tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti s UV/VIS detektorom (HPLC-UV/VIS). S napomenom da je koncentracija HHC iskazana preko koncentracije THC, jer HHC standard nismo posjedovali.
Rezultati: U više od polovica analiziranih CBD ulja (64%) i 80% CBD pasti zabilježena je prisutnost CBDA, dok je prisutnost CBN zabilježena samo u tragovima u manje od 10% uzoraka ulja i 36% uzoraka pasti. Provedena analiza pokazala je veliko odstupanje u sadržaju CBD-a u CBD uljima od onoga koje je navedeno na popratnoj deklaraciji proizvoda. U gotovo svim ispitanim uzorcima CBD ulja, udio CBD-a bio je niži od polovice naznačenog udjela na deklaraciji. Kod CBD pasti provedena analiza je potvrdila da je u gotovo 30% uzoraka pravilno deklariran udio CBD-a, a s tim da je sadržaj CBD-a u jednom uzorku bio veći za 7% od navedenog na deklaraciji. Ostali uzorci paste sadržavali su oko 50% niže udjele CBD-a. Prisutnost THC-a u većem udjelu od dopuštenoga 0,2% nismo utvrdili u analiziranim CBD uljima i pastama kao i HHC uljima. Analiza HHC ulja pokazala je da i kod ovih proizvoda udio aktivne tvari niži od navedene deklaracijom.
Zaključci: Izneseni podaci ukazuju da većina ulja i paste industrijske konoplje, koji su dostupni na tržištu su neispravno deklarirani i stoga predstavljaju potencijalni rizik za ljudsko zdravlje. Rezultati ovog istraživanja jasno ukazuju na potrebu za učestalijim analizama ovih proizvoda od strane akreditiranih laboratorija kako bi se zaštitilo potrošače i omogućili ispravniji uvid na stanje tržišta ovih sve popularnijih dodataka prehrani.Aim:Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) are currently very popular. They are consumed for various purposes, and can have a beneficial effect on some health conditions. The aim of this work was to investigate the composition of commercially available CBD products in the form of oils and pastes as well as two available HHC oils. The aim of this work was to determine the concentration and proportion of the following cannabinoids: CBD, CBDA, CBN, THC and HHC. By comparing the percentage of cannabinoids determined with the cannabioids listed in the product declaration, we were able to gain an insight into accuracy of the accompanying declarations.
Methods: CBD products (20 oils and 11 pastes) and two HHC oils were purchased in local specialized CBD stores or online stores in Croatia and Slovenia. CBD, CBDA, CBN, THC and HHC concentrations were quantified in CBD oils and pastes, and HHC oils using high performance liquid chromatography with a UV/VIS detector (HPLC-UV/VIS). Note that the concentration of HHC is expressed above the THC concentracion as we did not have an HHC standard available.
Results: CBDA was detected in more than half of the CBD oils (64%) and (80%) of the CBD pastes tested, while CBN was only present in traces in less than 10% of the oil samples and 36% of the paste samples. The analysis revealed a large deviation of the CBD content in CBD oils from the information on the accompanying product declaration. In almost all of the CBD oil samples tested, the CBD content was less than half of that stated on the declaration. In the case of CBD pastes, the analysis carried out confirmed that the CBD content was correctly declared in almost 30% of the samples, whereby the CBD content is one sample was 7% higher than stated on the declaration. Other paste samples contained a CBD content that was around 50% lower. In the CBD oil and pastes tested, as well as in the HHC oils, we were unable to detect THC in higher proportion than the permited 0,2%. The analysis of HHC oil showed that the čproportion of the active ingredient in these products is also lower than stated in the declaration.
Conclusions: The data presented show that the majority of industrial hemp oils and pastes available on the market are mislabeled and therefore pose a potential risk to human health. The results of this investigation clearly show that these products need to be analyzed more frequently by accredited laboratories in order to protect consumers and gain a more accurate insight into the market situation of these increasingly popular dietary supplements
Socio-demographic and victimological characteristics of victims of domestic violence
No full textCilj: Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi neka socio-demografska i viktimološka obilježja te neke viktimološke rizike kod žrtava kaznenih dijela obiteljskog nasilja u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji retrospektivnom analizom podataka koji su dostupni u Informacijskom sustavu Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova Republike Hrvatske, a počinjeni su tijekom 2022. godine.
Metode: Podaci su prikupljani retrospektivno uvidom u Informacijski sustav Ministarstva unutarnjih poslova Republike Hrvatske. Unaprijed pripremljenim strukturiranim upitnikom ispitivana su obilježja žrtava kaznenog djela nasilja u obitelji (članak 179.a). Strukturirani upitnik sastojao se od 45 pitanja koji je obuhvaćao socio-demografska, viktimološka i kriminološka obilježja žrtava nasilja u obitelji, kao i obilježja samog djela.
Rezultati: Većina slučajeva nasilja u obitelji (84,45 %) događa se u privatnom prostoru, najčešće u stanu ili obiteljskoj kući žrtve, za čim slijedi vanjskog prostora/ulica (5,19 %) te stan trećih osoba (4,07 %). Žene čine većinu žrtava (84,29 %), a često su u braku (65,18 %) ili izvanbračnoj zajednici (11,85 %). Većina žrtava (76,67 %) sama prijavljuje nasilje nakon dugotrajnog izlaganja zlostavljanju, nakon čega to čine treće osobe (12,22 %) te nadležne institucije (9,63 %). Žrtva je najčešće izložena kombinaciji psihičkog i fizičkog nasilja (59,63 %), nakon kojeg slijedi pojedinačno psihičko nasilje (30,37 %) te kombinacija psihičkog fizičkog i ekonomskog nasilja (5,56 %). Počinitelji nasilja su najčešće bračni partner (30,37 %), dijete (27,04 %) i izvanbračni partner (11,48 %). Žrtve najčešće imaju završenu srednju školu (63,70 %), dok su visoka stručna sprema i završena osnovna škola podjednako zastupljene (11,48 % vs 13,33 %).
Zaključak: Nasilje u obitelji se uobičajeno događa u privatnom prostoru, a žrtve su obično žene s djecom, srednje životne dobi, koje su u braku i žive s počiniteljima nasilja, izložene kombinaciji fizičkog i psihičkog zlostavljanja kroz duže razdoblje, te obično same prijavljuju nasilje. Ostale oštećene osobe su često maloljetna djeca, a unatoč podizanju optužnice, postupci često završavaju obustavom, pri čemu je ključni faktor blagodat nesvjedočenja. Postoji potreba za sustavnim pristupom ovom složenom društvenom problemu kroz provedbu daljnjih 53 istraživanja iz ovog područja, preventivne aktivnosti usmjerene na podizanje svijesti o nasilju u obitelji, te razvoj i implementaciju specifičnih programa za žrtve nasilja u obitelji.Aim: The aim of the study is to determine certain socio-demographic and victimological characteristics, as well as some victimological risks among victims of criminal acts of domestic violence in the Split-Dalmatia County through a retrospective analysis of data available in the Information System of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia, committed during the year 2022.
Methods: Data were collected retrospectively by examining the Information System of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Croatia. A pre-prepared structured questionnaire was used to examine the characteristics of victims of criminal acts of domestic violence (Article 179.a). The structured questionnaire consisted of 45 questions covering socio-demographic, victimological, and criminological characteristics of victims of domestic violence, as well as characteristics of the acts themselves.
Results: The majority of domestic violence cases (84.45 %) occur in private spaces, most commonly in the victim's apartment or family house, followed by outdoor spaces/streets (5.19 %) and the residences of third parties (4.07 %). Women constitute the majority of victims (84.29 %), often being married (65.18 %) or in a common-law relationship (11.85 %). Most victims (76.67 %) report the violence themselves after prolonged exposure to abuse, followed by third parties (12.22 %) and relevant institutions (9.63 %). Victims are most frequently subjected to a combination of psychological and physical violence (59.63%), followed by solely psychological violence (30.37 %) and a combination of psychological, physical, and economic violence (5.56 %). The perpetrators of violence are most often the marital partner (30.37 %), a child (27.04 %), and a common-law partner (11.48 %). Victims most commonly have completed secondary education (63.70 %), while higher education and completed primary education are equally represented (11.48 % vs. 13.33 %).
Conclusion: Domestic violence commonly occurs within the confines of private spaces, with victims typically being women of middle age who have children, are married, and cohabit with their abusers. They endure a prolonged period of both physical and psychological abuse and 55 often take the brave step of reporting the violence themselves. Other affected individuals are often underage children. Despite charges being filed, proceedings frequently culminate in dismissal, with the pivotal factor being the reluctance to testify. There is a pressing need for a systematic approach to this intricate societal issue, involving further research endeavors, awareness-raising preventive activities concerning domestic violence, and the development and implementation of tailored programs for its victims
White collar crime: offender profiling and corporate crime prevention
No full textOvaj rad analizira kriminalitet „bijelih ovratnika“ kroz povijesni razvoj definicija, profiliranje počinitelja i preventivne mjere, s ciljem razumijevanja ključnih karakteristika i motiva osoba visokog društvenog statusa koji čine ova kaznena djela. Korištene su teorijske i deskriptivne metode, kao i sinteza, kompilacija, analiza, indukcija, dedukcija te komparacija za dublje razumijevanje fenomena. Istraživanje pokazuje da kriminalitet „bijelih ovratnika“ uključuje nezakonite aktivnosti visokoobrazovanih osoba na pozicijama moći, koji imaju posebne karakterne osobine koje su u radu obrađene. Također, kriminalitet se može razumjeti kroz „trokut prijevare“ koji obuhvaća racionalizaciju, priliku i motivaciju. Iako je ovaj oblik kriminala teško iskorijeniti, učinkoviti sustavi nadzora i preventivne mjere mogu značajno smanjiti njegovu pojavnost, s posebnim fokusom na profiliranje i razumijevanje motiva počinitelja.This paper analyzes white-collar crime through the historical development of definitions, offender profiling, and preventive measures, with the aim of understanding the key characteristics and motives of high-status individuals who commit such crimes. The research employs theoretical and descriptive methods, as well as synthesis, compilation, analysis, induction, deduction, and comparison, for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. The study reveals that white-collar crime involves illegal activities carried out by highly educated individuals in positions of power, who possess specific character traits explored in the paper. Additionally, this type of crime can be understood through the "fraud triangle," which includes rationalization, opportunity, and motivation. Although this form of crime is difficult to eradicate, effective monitoring systems and preventive measures can significantly reduce its occurrence, with a particular focus on profiling and understanding the motives of the offenders
Western Europe as a target of terrorism: Analysis of terrorist attacks in Belgium, France, Germany and Spain (2015-2022)
No full textAnaliza terorističkih napada ključna je za razumijevanje, suzbijanje i prevenciju terorizma. Koristi se multidisciplinarnim pristupom kako bi se identificirali uzroci, motivi, karakteristike i posljedice terorističkih incidenata. Analiza omogućuje prevenciju budućih napada, identifikaciju sigurnosnih propusta, evaluaciju reakcija na napade, proučavanje terorističkih taktika te podizanje svijesti javnosti. Doprinosi razvoju adekvatnih političkih, pravnih i sigurnosnih strategija za zaštitu sigurnosti i stabilnosti društava. Analiza terorizma u Belgiji, Francuskoj, Njemačkoj i Španjolskoj ključna je zbog njihove geopolitičke važnosti, raznolikih obrazaca napada i bogatog iskustva u borbi protiv terorizma. Ove zemlje često su bile mete terorističkih napada, čiji su utjecaji prelazili nacionalne granice, ističući potrebu za međunarodnom suradnjom u suzbijanju terorizma. Složene društvene strukture ovih zemalja pružaju okruženje za raznolike etničke i vjerske dinamike koje mogu biti povezane s terorizmom. Vremenski okvir istraživanja od 2015. do 2022. godine obuhvaća razdoblje koje je obilježeno dinamičnim događajima i važnim promjenama u političkom, socijalnom i sigurnosnom kontekstu, što ga čini izuzetno relevantnim za analizu terorističkih aktivnosti i njihovih implikacija na navedenim područjima.
Cilj ovog rada je istraživanje uzroka i motiva terorizma kako bi se identificirali ključni faktori koji potiču terorističke aktivnosti na području Zapadne Europe. Istražuje se procjena socioekonomskih, političkih i sigurnosnih posljedica terorističkih napada na države i njihove institucije, radi pružanja uvida u ukupni utjecaj terorizma na društvo. Istražuje se razvoj preventivnih strategija i politika s ciljem sprječavanja budućih terorističkih incidenata. Koriste se različiti metodološki pristupi, uključujući kvantitativnu analizu statističkih podataka, kvalitativno istraživanje relevantne literature i dokumentacije te studije slučaja terorističkih incidenata.The analysis of terrorist attacks is crucial for understanding, countering and preventing terrorism. A multidisciplinary approach is used to identify the causes, motives, characteristics and consequences of terrorist incidents. The analysis enables the prevention of future attacks, the identification of security flaws, the evaluation of reactions to attacks, the study of terrorist tactics and the raising of public awareness. It contributes to the development of adequate political, legal and security strategies to protect the safety and stability of societies.
The analysis of terrorism in Belgium, France, Germany and Spain is crucial because of their geopolitical importance, diverse attack patterns and rich experience in the fight against terrorism. These countries have often been the targets of terrorist attacks, the impact of which crossed national borders, highlighting the need for international cooperation in combating terrorism. The complex social structures of these countries provide an environment for diverse ethnic and religious dynamics that can be linked to terrorism. The time frame of the research from 2015. to 2022. includes a period marked by dynamic events and important changes in the political, social and security context, which makes it extremely relevant for the analysis of terrorist activities and their implications in the mentioned areas.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the causes and motives of terrorism in order to identify the key factors that encourage terrorist activities in Western Europe. An assessment of the socioeconomic, political and security consequences of terrorist attacks on states and their institutions is investigated in order to provide insight into the overall impact of terrorism on society. The development of preventive strategies and policies aimed at preventing future terrorist incidents is being explored. Various methodological approaches are used, including quantitative analysis of statistical data, qualitative research of relevant literature and documentation, and case studies of terrorist incidents