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Hybrid warfare in information space
No full textŽivimo u informacijskom dobu gdje je obavijest ključni potencijal socijalnog, gospodarskog i tehnološkog razvoja, nema napretka bez primjene informacijskih tehnologija u svim sferama djelatnosti, primjena ICT dovela je do globalizacije, onaj tko ima obavijesti ima moć i može osigurati hegemoniju. Konačni cilj socijalnog i kulturnog razvitka je stvaranje informacijskog društva tj. društva znanja.
Javno znanje oblikuju stratezi kojima je cilj osigurati dominaciju određenih vrsta informacija kako bi se ostvarili politički, gospodarski, kulturni i drugi interesi. Javno znanje oblikovano u cyberspecu je proizvod i informacijskog rata, odnosno sukoba niskog intenziteta.
Hibridni rat je poseban oblik rata koji se često provodi kada država napadač i napadnuta država najčešće nisu službeno u ratu ili ne žele proglasiti rat zbog različitih razloga, najčešće osude međunarodne zajednice, nedovoljnih vojnih resursa ili procjene da se strateški cilj može postići i ovakvim ratovanjem uz manje žrtve i financijske troškove. Cilj ovakvog tipa ratovanja je destabilizacija vlasti, rušenje vlasti napadnute države, provociranje nezadovoljstva stanovništva, stvaranje nemira kako bi napadnuta država bila prisiljena na razne ustupke i donošenje odluka na svoju štetu, a u korist agresora.We live in an information age where notification is the key potential of social, economic and technological development, there is no progress without the application of information technologies in all spheres of activity, the application of ICT has led to globalization, the one who has notifications has the power and can provide hegemony. The ultimate goal of social and cultural development is the creation of an information society, i.e. an knowledge society.
Public knowledge is shaped by strategists who aim to ensure the dominance of certain types of information in order to pursue political, economic, cultural and other interests. Public knowledge shaped in cyberspec is also a product of information warfare, that is, low-intensity conflicts.
Hybrid warfare is a special form of war that is often carried out when the attacking state and the attacked state are most often not officially at war or do not want to declare war for various reasons, most often condemnation of the international community, insufficient military resources or the assessment that a strategic goal can be achieved even through this kind of warfare at less casualties and financial costs. The goal of this type of warfare is to destabilize the authorities, overthrow the power of the attacked state, provoke the dissatisfaction of the population, create unrest so that the attacked state is forced to make various concessions and make decisions at its own expense, and in favor of the aggressors
Importance of open source intelligence in the work of security intelligence services
No full textU ovom se radu istraživalo djelovanje sigurnosno-obavještajnih agencija s posebnim fokusom na korištenje informacija iz javnih izvora. Prikazano je kako je koncipiran obavještajni i protuobavještajni ciklus te od kolike su koristi otvoreni izvori informacija za rad sigurnosno-obavještajnih službi.
Prikazane su tehnologije i alati koji se koriste za eksploataciju otvorenih izvora informacija za prikupljanje i obradu podataka. Prikazali su se i konkretni alati koje koriste neke od najvećih sigurnosno-obavještajnih agencija u svijetu (konkretno američka Središnja obavještajna agencija – CIA).
Analizirano je kako otvoreni izvori informacija pomažu sigurnosno-obavještajnim agencijama u borbi protiv terorizma, ekstremizma i drugih suvremenih sigurnosnih ugroza. Također, prikazano je na konkretnim primjerima kako otvoreni izvori informacija utječu na rat u Ukrajini.
Donošenje odluka temeljenih na informacijama dobivenim iz otvorenih izvora je tema kojoj se, sa sigurnosnog aspekta, posvećuje sve više pozornosti, posebice zbog velike količine podataka u internetskom prostoru i preciznosti obrade u realnom vremenu
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of the bank's portfolio and it's operational risks - the example of OTP BANK
No full textPandemija i mjere socijalne distance proizvele su snažni šok za gospodarstvo i društvo u cjelini početkom 2020. godine što je dovelo do neizbježnog povećanja volumena neprihodujućih i restrukturiranih izloženosti banaka uzrokovanih padom ekonomske aktivnosti. Pandemija Covid-19 je utjecala i na znatno povećanje rizika financijskog sustava te su kreditne institucije ušle u krizu s visokim zalihama kapitala i likvidnosti. Analizom financijskih izvještaja utvrđen je utjecaj Covid-19 pandemije na određene stavke financijskih izvještaja OTP banke d.d. te kao i na njihovo kretanje od 2018. do 2021. godine. Provedenom analizom financijskih pokazatelja u istom promatranom razdoblju vidljiv je utjecaj pandemije na odnose u bilanci OTP banke, odnose u računu dobiti i gubitka, pokazatelje profitabilnosti i pokazatelje investiranja. Udio neprihodujućih kredita u ukupnim kreditima je imao značajan porast dolaskom pandemije, a isto tako smanjen je broj nekvalitetnih kredita koji su pokriveni rezerviranjima. OTP banka je redovito pratila i izvještavala o utjecaju pandemije na operativne rizike, ali je u pojedinim segmentima tijekom pandemije došlo do povećane razine tolerancije na rizik, što je uvjetovano promjenom režima rada. Kao reakcija na pandemiju, banka je integrirala poseban slijed poslovanja i aktivirala krizni stožer banke kako bi učinkovito odgovorila na krizu.The pandemic and social distancing measures produced a strong shock to the economy and society as a whole at the beginning of 2020, which led to an inevitable increase in the volume of non-performing and restructured bank exposures caused by the decline in economic activity. The Covid-19 pandemic also had an impact on a significant increase in the risk of the financial system and credit institutions entered the crisis with high capital and liquidity reserves. The analysis of the financial statements determined the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on certain items of the financial statements of OTP bank d.d. as well as their movement from 2018 to 2021. The analysis of financial indicators in the same observed period shows the impact of the pandemic on OTP bank's balance sheet, profit and loss account, profitability indicators and investment indicators. The share of non-performing loans in total loans had a significant increase with the arrival of the pandemic and the number of non-performing loans covered by provisions also decreased. OTP bank regularly monitored and reported on the impact of the pandemic on operational risk, but in certain segments, during the pandemic, there was an increased level of risk tolerance, which was conditioned by the change in the work regime. In response to the pandemic, the bank implemented a special business continuity plan and activated the bank's crisis headquarters in order to effectively respond to the crisis
Anthropological individualization of relics from sarcophagus stored in Vodnjan monastery, Vodnjan, Croatia
No full textTo develop a methodology for the estimation of the preservation of human skeletal remains – the relics in the Vodnjan assembly; to estimate the minimum number of individuals (MNI), sex, and age; to evaluate the physical state of their remains, and to individualize the remains to verify the list of saints allegedly buried at the monastery.
Standard crime scene investigation and forensic anthropology methods were used, including trace evidence marking, photography, minimum number of individuals (MNI) estimation, sex, age, stature estimation, pathological and traumatic changes examination, individuation, and individualization by the comparison to the biography.
The total sample of the bones in the Vodnjan relic collection was very poorly preserved. The MNI in the sarcophagus was twenty-two. Of those, three were female, twelve were male, and seven were subadults.
The forensic approach to the documentation and analysis of relics was appropriate for this kind of skeletal material. The final identification was not possible because of the poor preservation of skeletal material and the lack of hagiographical (antemortem) data. However, the forensic anthropology approach enabled us to create osteobiographies, and after the comparison with the existing antemortem data, we could not exclude that the remains belonged to the named saints
Ankylosis of knee joint in human skeletal remains from Istria, case report from St. Teodor (15th-18th centuries)
No full textObjective: To present a case of knee joint ankylosis in human skeletal remains found in Istria, Croatia. Materials and methods: A fused knee joint was found at archeological site St Teodor. We analyzed the knee changes using macroscopic observation, using digital radiography and computed tomography. Results: Macroscopic analysis and both digital radiography and computed tomography imaging show knee ankylosis with cortical thickening. Conclusion: Knee ankylosis with cortical thickening suggests that the person still used the leg despite the disability
Information and cyber security in the Homeland Security system
No full textKibernetski prostor jedan je od temeljnih obilježja suvremenog virtualnog načina života s važnom ulogom u gospodarskom razvoju. Tehnologija svakim danom napreduje i nažalost bilježi više od desetak tisuća prijetnji i napada na sigurnosne sustave. Razvijene zemlje svijeta, kao i Hrvatska, nastoje podizati razinu svijesti o provedbi mjera i strategija u očuvanju vlastite sigurnosti. U vodećim zemljama svijeta razvijeni su sustavi informacijske i kibernetičke sigurnosti, dok je u Republici Hrvatskoj situacija drugačija. U RH postoji informacijski sustav koji svojim djelovanjem sustavno razvija kibernetski.Cyberspace is one of the basic features of modern virtual lifestyles with an important role in economic development. Technology is progressing every day and unfortunately there are more than a dozen thousand threats and attacks on security systems. Developed countries of the world, as well as Croatia, are trying to raise awareness of the implementation of measures and strategies in preserving their own security. Information and cyber security systems have been developed in the leading countries of the world, while the situation in the Republic of Croatia is different. There is an information system in the Republic of Croatia that develops cybernetically systematically through its activities
Genetic sub-structuring of Croatian island populations in the Southeastern European context: a meta-analysis
No full textAim To use the method of meta-analysis to assess the influence of island population isolation on the sub-structuring of the Croatian population, as well as the influence of regional population groups on the sub-structuring of the Southeastern European population with regard to basic population genetic statistical parameters calculated by using STR locus analysis.
Methods Bio-statistical analyses were performed for 2877 unrelated participants of both sexes from Southeastern Europe. Nine autosomal STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S82) were analyzed by using standard F-statistics and population structure analysis (Structure software).
Results Genetic differentiation of Croatian subpopulations assessed with the FST method was higher at the level of
the Croatian population (0.005) than at the level of Southeastern Europe (0.002). The island of Vis showed the most
pronounced separation in the Croatian population, and Albanians from Kosovo in the population of Southeast Europe, followed by Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Hungary.
Conclusion The higher structure of Croatian subpopulations in relation to Southeastern Europe suggest a certain
degree of genetic isolation, most likely due to the influence of endogamy within rural island populations
ABO and Rh blood groups, demographics, and comorbidities in COVID-19 related deaths: A retrospective study in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia
No full textBackground Blood group phenotypes have been associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. This study aimed to examine ABO/Rh blood group distribution in COVID-19-related deaths considering demographics and pathological conditions. Methods We conducted a retrospective study at the University Hospital Center Split, Croatia, that included 245 COVID-19 positive individuals that died from April 8, 2020, to January 25, 2021. We extracted data on their blood groups, demographics, and pre-existing comorbidities and compared findings with general population data from blood group donations (n = 101,357) and non-COVID-19 deaths from 2019 (n = 4968). Results The proportion of dead males was significantly higher than in non-COVID-19 cases (63.7% vs. 48.9%, P < 0.001), while the proportion of older individuals did not differ. The prevailing pre-existing diseases were hypertension (59.6%), diabetes (37.1%), heart failure (28.8%), digestive disorder (26.5%), and solid tumor (21.6%). The ABO distribution in the deceased and donors' group showed significant differences, with the higher prevalence of A/AB group and lower prevalence of 0, but with individual differences significant only for AB and non-AB groups. There was a reduced proportion of females within the deceased with group 0 (P = 0.014) and a higher proportion of AB individuals with coronary heart disease (P = 0.024). Conclusion The study confirmed a higher risk of death in males. The lower proportion of type 0 in deceased individuals was greater in females, implying that group 0 is not necessarily an independent protective factor. Coronary heart disease was identified as a potential risk factor for AB individuals
THE IMPACT OF THE DECISIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ON THE REGULATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF SPECIAL EVIDENTIARY ACTIONS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATIONS
No full textU Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu, regulatorni mehanizam za presretanje komunikacija doživio je značajne promjene u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća. Sve do presude Europskog suda za ljudska prava (ECtHR) u predmetu Malone (1984.), u kojoj je utvrđena povreda prava na zaštitu privatnog i obiteljskog života iz čl. 8. Europske konvencije za zaštitu temeljnih prava i sloboda (ECHR), Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo nije imalo koncizan zakonodavni okvir koji regulira presretanje komunikacija. Zakonodavni okviri koji reguliraju predmetnu materiju također su izmijenjeni standardima koje postavlja praksa ESLJP-a. Implementacija ECHR-a u britanski pravni sustav nametnula je više standarde zaštite privatnosti zajamčene čl. 8 ECHR,
Posebnost zakonskog uređenja posebnih dokaznih radnji u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu očituje se, za pojedine posebne dokazne radnje, u nepostojanju sudske kontrole, barem u fazi izdavanja i izdavanja naloga za njihovu provedbu. Danas je predmetno područje uređeno posebnim Zakonom o istražnim ovlastima iz 2000. (RIPA), Zakonom o istražnim ovlastima iz 2016. (IPA) i srodnim Kodeksima postupanja, no ne Zakonom o kaznenom postupku, kao što je slučaj u zemljama s kontinentalnom pravnom tradicijom.
U ovom radu autor analizira zakonske promjene koje su prethodile donošenju Uredbe o istražnim ovlastima iz 2000., kao i novog Zakona o istražnim ovlastima iz 2016. koji se može opisati kao najveća reforma britanske regulative o prisluškivanju, kakva je bila za prvi put u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu uključio je pravosudni element za ovlast presretanja. U tom kontekstu, postavlja se pitanje zadovoljavaju li nedavne zakonske promjene standarde koje je utvrdio ESLJP. Slijedom toga, iznose se zaključci vezani uz revidirani koncept predmeta.In the United Kingdom, the regulatory mechanism for intercepting communications has undergone substantial changes in the last few decades. Until the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) judgment in the Malone case (1984), in which it found a violation of the right to protection of private and family life pursuant to Art. 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (ECHR), the United Kingdom did not have a concise legislative framework governing the interception of communications. Legislative frameworks governing the subject matter have also been changed by the standards set by the practice of the ECtHR. The implementation of the ECHR into the British legal system has imposed higher privacy protection standards as guaranteed by Art. 8 ECHR, in an environment where the common law approach that “the police can do whatever they want as long as it is not prohibited by law” was no longer sustainable.
The specific feature of the legislative regulation of special evidentiary actions in the United Kingdom is manifested, for some special evidentiary actions, through the absence of judicial control, at least in the phase of issuing and extending orders for their implementation. Today, the area in question is governed by a special Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA), Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (IPA), and related Codes of Practice, however not by the Criminal Procedure Code, as is the case in the countries with a continental legal tradition.
In this paper, the author analyses the legislative changes that preceded the enactment of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, as well as the new Investigatory Powers Act 2016 that be described as the biggest reform of British interception regulation, as it has, for the first time in the UK, incorporated a judicial element for the power to interception. In this context, the question arises as to whether recent legislative changes meet the standards as established by the ECtHR. Consequently, conclusions are presented concerning the revised concept of the subject matter
The Influence of Faith on the Concept of Quality of Life in Persons with Nervous System Disorders
No full textCILJ: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi utjecaj vjere (i drugih dimenzija religioznosti) na subjektivnu procjenu opće kvalitete života i ukupnog zadovoljstva kvalitetom života kod neuroloških pacijenata koji su po svojoj vjeroispovijesti kršćani.
METODE: Šezdeset neuroloških pacijenata tijekom rehabilitacije u specijalnoj bolnici za medicinsku rehabilitaciju sudjelovalo je u istraživanju metodom anketnog upitnika. Korištena su tri upitnika: upitnik religioznosti, koji ima tri dimenzije, upitnik zadovoljstva kvalitetom života na sedam domena za odrasle (PWI) te upitnik koji sadrži jedno pitanje o zadovoljstvu kvalitetom života u cjelini.
REZULTATI: Duhovna dimenzija religioznosti ispitana je upotrebom osam čestica. Najveća razina utvrđena je kod čestice „Osjećam se vjernikom“, a najmanja kod „Zbog svoje vjere spreman sam na odricanja i žrtvu“. Najveća razina religioznosti utvrđena je kod obredne dimenzije, zatim kod duhovne, a najmanja kod dimenzije utjecaja vjere na ponašanje. Na temelju tri promatrane dimenzije religioznosti, zaključak je da kod ispitanih neuroloških pacijenata prevladava vrlo visoka razina religioznosti. Što se tiče zadovoljstva kvalitetom života na sedam domena, najzadovoljniji su odnosima s bližnjima, a najmanje su zadovoljni zdravljem. Zadovoljstvo kvalitetom života pokazalo se vrlo visokim kod oba mjerena upitnika. Testiranjem povezanosti religioznosti I (duhovne dimenzije) i zadovoljstva kvalitetom života na sedam domena te testiranjem povezanosti religioznosti I sa zadovoljstvom kvalitete života u cjelini, nije utvrđena povezanost. Testiranjem povezanosti između zadovoljstva životom na sedam domena i zadovoljstva kvalitetom života u cjelini utvrđena je pozitivna, umjerena i statistički značajna povezanost.
ZAKLJUČAK: Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja zaključujemo da vjera može imati jedinstvenu ulogu u percepciji kvalitete života oboljelih te bi trebala postati dio standardne skrbi u liječenju pojedinca.OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to determine the influence of faith (and other dimensions of religiosity) on the subjective assessment of quality of life and general satisfaction with quality of life in neurological patients, who are Christians by religion.
METHODS: Sixty neurological patients during rehabilitation in a special hospital for medical rehabilitation participated in this research using a questionnaire method. 3 questionnaires were used: a questionnaire on religiosity that has 3 dimensions, a questionnaire on quality of life satisfaction in 7 adult domains (PWI) and a questionnaire containing one question on satisfaction with the quality of life as a whole.
RESULTS: The spiritual dimension of religiosity was examined using 8 particles. The highest level was found in the particle "I feel like a believer", and the lowest in "Because of my faith I am ready to give up and sacrifice." The highest level of religiosity was found in the ritual dimension, followed by the spiritual dimension and the lowest in the dimension of the influence of faith on behaviour. Based on the 3 observed dimensions of religiosity, the conclusion is that a very high level of religiosity prevails in the examined neurological patients. In terms of satisfaction with the quality of life in 7 domains, they are the most satisfied with their relationships with the people that are close to them and the least satisfied with their health. Satisfaction with the quality of life was very high in both measured questionnaires. By testing the connection between religiosity I (spiritual dimensions) and satisfaction with the quality of life in 7 domains, and by testing the connection between religiosity and satisfaction with the quality of life as a whole, no connection was established. By testing the relationship between life satisfaction in 7 domains and satisfaction with quality of life as a whole, a positive, moderate and statistically significant association was found.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the research, we conclude that faith can play a unique role in perception of the quality of life of patients and should become a standard part of care in the treatment of the individual