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Status i zaštita životinja u kaznenom pravu Republike Hrvatske
No full textAutorice u radu obrađuju status i stupanj zaštite koje životinje imaju u kaznenom pravu Republike Hrvatske, uz procjenu usklađenosti s međunarodnom i europskom zaštitom. Rad analizira dvojakost položaja životinja u kaznenom pravu kao stvari i, ipak i bića te autori kritički prikazuju i određena rješenja koja smanjuju stupanj kaznenopravne zaštite. Zaključuju da se prihvaćanjem dualnosti statusa subjekta i objekta sui generis kažnjavanjem za kazneni delikt, ali i obeštećenjem zbog građanskopravnog delikta, životinjama osigurava jači stupanj zaštite. Posebno je detaljno obrađeno temeljno kazneno djelo ubijanja ili mučenja životinja te je provedeno istraživanje stavova hrvatske opće populacije o nasilju i okrutnosti nad životinjama te potrebi i mjeri kažnjavanja. Autori su utvrdili da ne postoje veće razlike stavova opće javnosti u Hrvatskoj od stavova javnosti izraženih u već provedenim stranim istraživanjima
How Important Is the Business Environment for The Performance of Enterprises? Case Study of Selected European Countries
No full textThe business environment, its quality, and its development are important indicators of the global competitiveness of individual economies. The situation is enhanced in the European area, where the open community brings specific opportunities to expand and grow in new markets. However, it is not that easy to find the proper place to start a business, considering the financial performance and cost-effectiveness. Thus, the paper focuses on the comparative analysis of selected European countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Germany, and France) in the context of their macroeconomic and inner-markets factors in the 8-year horizon (2013-2020). The quality of the business environment is evaluated using a multi-criteria decision-making method TOPSIS and global multi-level indices such as the Global Competitiveness Index, Corruption Perception Index, and Doing Business Index. Their mutual dependence is tested by correlation coefficients. To find the statistically significant differences among the countries, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffé´s post hoc tests were used. The results reveal the subsets of countries with similar business environments, which may be beneficial in increasing the global competitiveness of enterprises. Implications for Central European audience: The comparative analysis is focused on the selected (mostly) Central European countries. This selection enables comparing the business environments with similar features and grouping them into subsets based on their economic, political, and social peculiarities. The analysis of variance proved that the business environments in Slovakia, Hungary, and Croatia are very similar, which may simplify the way of doing business in these countries. Thus, the implications of this study are crucial for better evaluation of the factors influencing the business environment, grouping attractiveness from the perspective of national enterprises, and understanding the indicators that increase the international competitiveness of enterprises
Influence of genetic substructuring of statistical forensic parameters on genetic short tandem repeat markers in the populations of Southeastern Europe
No full textAim To investigate the influence of specific intrapopula tion genetic structures on interpopulation relationships.
Special focus was the influence of island population isolation on the substructuring of the Croatian population, and
the influence of regional population groups on the substructuring of Southeast European populations.
Methods Autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci were analyzed by using four forensic parameters: matching probability (PM), power of discrimination (PD), power of exclusion (PE), and polymorphic information content (PIC) on a sample of 2877 unrelated participants of both sexes. A sample set comprising 590 participants was analyzed for the first time, and 2287 participants were included from previous studies. The analysis was performed with Power Stats v. 1.2.
Results The analysis of forensic parameters for all nine loci in the Croatian subpopulations showed the largest deviations in the populations of the islands of Korčula and Hvar. The smallest deviations were found in the mainland population. As for Southeast European populations, the largest deviations were found in the population of North Macedonia, followed by Romania, Albanians from Kosovo, and Montenegro, while the smallest deviations were found in the population of Hungary.
Conclusion The comparison of forensic parameters between different subpopulations of Croatia and Southeast Europe indicates that the isolation of individual Croatian subpopulations and rare alleles in their gene pool affect the values of forensic parameters. Specific features of (sub) populations should be taken into account for appropriate sampling of the total population when creating a DNA database of STR markers
Bipartite parietal bone: a case from Croatian population
No full textThis study reports the first case of the bipartite parietal bone in the Croatian modern and archaeological population. We have examined 458 skulls from Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) images and found only one case of this trait (0.22%; 95%CI 0.01%-1.21%). The bone exhibiting an additional suture was the left parietal; the type of the trait was complete, horizontal, and asymmetrical. Some additional sutural bones were observed, including asterion and lambda ossicle and two lambdoid ossicles. Among the other epigenetic variants, parietal, zygofacial, oval, and mastoid foramina, frontal grooves, supratrochlear notch, and condylar canal were visible. The principal components analysis (PCA) of features extracted from the frontal, lateral, and posterior view of 110 female crania using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image analysis demonstrated that the skull deviated from the average female skull in the population. The visual and metric examination of the skull showed ultrabrachycephaly, mild lateral deformational plagiocephaly, and depression on the posterior part of the skull. The rarity of this case in the Croatian population indicated that this variant could be interesting for both clinicians and forensic anthropologists, as it can be used as means of comparative identification. Further studies will show its importance in assessing population affinities and relations inside the graveyards
Population affinity estimation: the frequency of the metopic sature on Salona population
No full textCilj: Cilj ovoga rada jest utvrditi učestalost perzistentnog metopičnog šava u odrasloj populaciji Salone.
Metode: Pregledani su koštani ostatci s arheološkog nalazišta Solin-Smiljanovac. Od koštanih ostataka 629 osoba, njih je 142 (68 žene, 66 muškarci, 8 nepoznatog spola) pripadalo je odraslim osoba (starijima od 18) te je imalo očuvanu frontalnu kost na kojoj se mogla odrediti prisutnost perzistentnog metopičnog šava te radi li se o potpunom ili nepotpunom. Nepotpuni metopični šav je potom dodatno definiran prema tipu (donji, srednji ili gornji). Donji tipovi su podijeljeni dalje prema obliku (U, V, H, Y, obrnuti Y, side-to-side, zrakasti, linearni i dvostruki). U istraživanju nije napravljena distinkcija između donjeg metopičnog šava i supranazalnog šava. Podatci o spolu, dobi, očuvanosti frontalne kosti te tipu i obliku metopičnog šava su bilježeni u tablice a metopični šavovi su fotografirani.
Rezultati: Perzistentni metopični šav zabilježen je na 78 od 142 lubanje (54,93%), na 45 muških lubanja i 35 ženskih. Nepotpuni metopični šav/supranazalni šav zabilježen je na 67 lubanja, 36 muških i 29 ženskih lubanja (47,18%). Na 10 lubanja zabilježen je metopizam (5 muških, 5 ženskih).
Zaključak: Prisutnost perzistentnog metopičnog šava u Saloni slična je onoj zabilježenoj u istraživanjima provedenima na geografski i vremenski bliskim populacijama. Buduća istraživanja na području današnje RH bi dala uvid u prisutnost perzistentnog metopičnog šava kroz povijest Hrvatske te ukazala na važnost proučavanja epigenetskih karakteristika.Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine the frequency of the presence of persistent metopic suture in the adult population of Salona and to contribute to the research of persistent metopic suture and epigenetic characteristics in anthropology and forensics.
Methods: Skeletal remains from the Solin-Smiljanovac archaeological site were examined. Of the skeletal remains of 629 persons, 142 of them (68 women, 66 men, 8 of unknown sex) belonged to adults (older than 18) and had a preserved frontal bone on which the presence of a persistent metopic suture could be determined and whether it was a complete or incomplete. The incomplete metopic suture was then further defined by type (lower, middle or upper). The types below are further divided by shape (U, V, H, Y, inverted Y, side-to-side, radial, linear and double). In the research, no distinction was made between the lower metopic suture and the supranasal suture. Data on sex, age, preservation of the frontal bone, and the type and shape of the metopic suture were recorded in tables, and the metopic sutures were photographed.
Results: Persistent metopic suture was recorded in 78 skulls (54.93%), in 45 male and 35 female skulls. Incomplete metopic suture/supranasal suture was recorded in 67 skulls, 36 male and 29 female skulls (47.18%). Metopism was recorded on 10 skulls (5 male, 5 female).
Conclusion: The presence of a persistent metopic suture in Salona is similar to that recorded in studies conducted on geographically and temporally close populations. Further research on the territory of today's Republic of Croatia would provide insight into the presence of a persistent metopic suture throughout the history of Croatia and would point to the importance of studying epigenetic characteristics
Legal aspects and activities of the Croatian Mountain Rescue Service
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu iznijet je pregled funkcioniranja Hrvatske gorske službe spašavanja kroz prikaz povijesti, ustroja, financiranja i aktivnosti ove organizacije. Kako bi se pristupilo odgovaranju na pitanje o potrebi naplaćivanja spašavanja i traganja za stranim i domaćim osobama, prikazan je način djelovanja gorskih službi spašavanja u drugim državama Europe. Ponuđen je i pregled zakonske regulative i propisa kako bi se utvrdila mogućnost njihove nadopune u svrhu boljeg funkcioniranja ove organizacije. U zaključnom dijelu rada sumirani su prikazani podaci i izveden zaključak o pitanju naplate traganja i spašavanja domaćim i stranim osobama, potrebi izmjene postojećih zakona i propisa i zadržavanja HGSS-a kao samostalne i neprofitne organizacije izvan državnog sustava.This master's thesis presents an overview of the functioning of the Croatian Mountain Rescue Service through the presentation of the history, structure, financing and activities of this organization. In order to answer the question about the need to charge for rescue and search services for foreign and domestic persons, author presents the way mountain rescue services operate in other European countries. An overview of legislation and regulations was also offered in order to determine the possibility of changing them with the intention of better functioning of this organization. The final part of the paper summarizes the presented data and draws a conclusion on the issue of charging search and rescue services to domestic and foreign persons, the need to change existing laws and regulations and to keep HGSS as an independent and non-profit organization outside the state system
Anti-corruption and the economy in Zadar County
No full textKorupcija ima svoje važno ekonomsko naličje. Suzbijanje korupcije u Hrvatskoj kao i
na području Zadarske županije važan je čimbenik koji utječe na zdravo gospodarsko okruženje
u kojem će gospodarski subjekti imati ravnopravan status u tržišnoj utakmici. Nažalost,
nedovoljno suzbijanje koruptivnih aktivnosti utječe na lošu percepciju građana o visini
korupcije u Republici Hrvatskoj, ali ima i negativnu povezanost s određenim
makroekonomskim pokazateljima.
Provedeno istraživanje razvidno je pokazalo povezanost korupcije s padom
zaposlenosti, rastom nezaposlenosti i padom BDP-a p/c u Zadarskoj županiji. Stoga državna
tijela nadležna za kazneni progon počinitelja koruptivnih kaznenih djela imaju dodatnu važnu
ulogu na stvaranju zdravog gospodarskog okruženja. Nedvojbeno je da je potrebno još
značajnije pristupiti suzbijanju koruptivnih aktivnosti jer se na takav način može poduprijeti
zdravi dio gospodarstva radi ekonomskog prosperiteta Zadarske županije, a naravno i cijele
Republike Hrvatske.Corruption has her own economic backgroud. Suppression of corruption in Croatia
and in area of Zadar County, is an important factor which affects on a healthy economic
environment in which economic entities will have equal status at the market match.
Unfortunately, insufficient suppression of corruption activities affects on poor discernment of
citizens about corruption levels in Republic of Croatia, but also has a negative connection
with specific macroeconomic indicators.
Conducted research has clearly shown corruption connection with decrease in
imployment, unimployment growth and gdp fall in Zadar County.
Therefore, the state authorities which are responsible for criminal prosecution of the ones who
commit corruption crimes have additional major role in creating healthy economic
environment. Undoubtedly, it is needed to more significantly approach to suppression of
corruption activities because in that way it is possible to support active part of economy in
towards of prosperity of Zadar County and certainly in the entire Republic of Croatia
Anti-counterfeiting banknote system
No full textNovac je temelj nacionalne i svjetske ekonomije i služi kao sredstvo razmjene roba i usluga. Cilj
ovog rada je pojašnjavanje zašto je novac poseban sociološki, ekonomski i forenzičarski fenomen
te kako građani mogu doprinijeti smanjenju broja krivotvorina u platnom prometu. Pojašnjeno je
što je novac, koja je njegova važnost za društvo i kulturu, što su krivotvorine i koji zakoni
definiraju krivotvorenje kao kriminalnu aktivnost te zbog čega dolazi do krivotvorenja novca i od
strane koga. Također, pojašnjeno je kakva je to zajednica Europska unija i koja je povijest eura
kao nadnacionalnog platežnog sredstva zbog skorog uvođenja eura kao službenog platežnog
sredstva u Republiku Hrvatsku.
U empirijskom dijelu istraživanja pojašnjeno je koje se institucije bave analizom krivotvorina i
na koje načine obavljaju vještačenja sumnjivih novčanica i kovanog novca, te su prikazani
statistički podaci o krivotvorinama u RH i Europi, kao i koji su to glavni elementi i načini zaštite
na samim novčanicama i kovanicama.
U raspravi su se, na osnovu stečenog znanja iz relevantne literature i statističkih pokazatelja o
dosadašnjim načinima krivotvorenja, predložili određeni novi načini zaštite novčanica kako bi se
u budućnosti smanjila razina krivotvorenja i time osigurala stabilna nadnacionalna valuta.Money is the foundation of the national and world economy and serves as a means of exchange
of goods and services. The aim of this paper is to clarify why money is a special sociological,
economic and forensic phenomenon and how citizens can contribute to reducing the number of
counterfeits in payment transactions. It is explained what money is, what is its importance for
society and culture, what counterfeits are and which laws define counterfeiting as a criminal
activity, and why money counterfeiting occurs and by whom. Also, it was clarified what kind of
community the European Union is and what is the history of the euro as a supranational means of
payment due to the imminent introduction of the euro as an official means of payment in the
Republic of Croatia.
In the empirical part of the research, it is explained which institutions deal with the analysis of
counterfeits and in what ways they carry out expert examinations of suspicious banknotes and
coins, and statistical data on counterfeits in the Republic of Croatia and EU are presented, as well
as what are the main elements and methods of protection on the banknotes and coins.
In the discussion, based on the knowledge gained from the relevant literature and statistical
indicators on the current methods of counterfeiting, certain new ways of protecting banknotes
were proposed in order to reduce the level of counterfeiting in the future and thereby ensure a
stable supranational currency
Traffic accidents in Bosnia and Herzegovina - West Herzegovina Country for the period 2010 - 2015
No full textPrometne nesreće, posebice one nastale u cestovnom prometu stvaraju relativno velike štete i posljedice na društvo, sudionike i ostale osobe. Različiti su uzroci nastanka prometnih nesreća. Tako npr. tehnički razvoj određenog područja može donijeti napredak u istom području, ali u kombiniranom radu sa starijim tehničkim rješenjima mogu nastati i dodatni problemi. Glavnim ciljem ovog rada smatra se provedba analize s pojedinačnim ciljevima traženja različitih uzroka nastanka prometnih nesreća. U radu će se koristiti raspoloživi podatci o prometnim nesrećama nastalim u Bosni i Hercegovini na području Županije Zapadnohercegovačke u vremenskom razdoblju od 2010. do 2015. Opravdano se smatra da će rezultati istraživanja u ovom radu pomoći određivanju smjernica čiji bi razvoj i eventualna primjena smanjila ukupan broj nesreća polazeći s aspekta forenzičkih znanosti.Traffic accidents, especially those caused by road traffic, cause relatively great damage and consequences to society, participants and other persons. The causes of traffic accidents are different. Thus e.g. technical development of a certain area can bring progress in the same area, but in combined work with older technical solutions, additional problems can arise. The main goal of this paper is to perform an analysis with individual goals of searching for different causes of traffic accidents. The paper will use available data on traffic accidents in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the West Herzegovina County in the period from 2010 to 2015. It is reasonable to believe that the results of research in this paper will help determine guidelines whose development and eventual application would reduce the total number. accident starting from the aspect of forensic sciences
Corruption and Economy – Perceptions of Student Population
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the trust in institutions, perceptions, and attitudes related to corruption, as well as the connection between the levels of trust in institutions and perceived levels of corruptness in institutions, and the connection between participants’ characteristics and corruption perceptions. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey from 14 January to 6 April 2021 on a sample of 111 University Department of Forensic sciences students. The questionnaire included general demographic data, trust in institutions, and the perception and attitudes related to corruption in Croatia. On average participants showed moderate trust in institutions and moderate levels of corruption in institutions. A negative correlation was found between the negative impact of corruption and trust in institutions, with a statistically significant relationship. Participants demonstrated relatively moderate levels of trust in institutions, as well as moderate levels of perceived corruption in various institutions. On average, the lowest levels of trust and highest levels of corruption were attributed to government and political parties. These findings can be attributed to transitional characteristics of Croatia’s economy and democracy, as well as various corruption-related scandals in which Croatian politicians played a prominent role