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Santé psychologique des oncologues : déterminants et conséquences dans les soins
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction. While many publications have been made on burnout of oncologists, few publications have been made on oncologists in France, and none focuses on positive markers of their psychological health. Our study is a national study that studies the role of exercise mode, determinants and consequences of positive markers of psychological health of oncologists in France.Methodology. The survey was disseminated to oncologists (n = 606) by the learned societies or cooperative groups of the different cancer specialties from May to July 2022. The questionnaire assessed relationships between exercise mode, determinants and consequences for work, oncologist health and positive markers of psychological health.Results. French oncologists have high scores for positive markers of psychological health studied with differences according to speciality, status and mode of exercise. The determinants are the same, with inverse relationships, as those already known for burnout: negative impacts of the pro/personal life balance, perceived stress, workaholism, workload, professional isolation, positive impact of job recognition and management support. Important results concern therelationship of the factors studied with the health of oncologists, work behaviours but also in the relationship with patients (significant impact on empathy and compassion in care). Conclusion. Our study highlights the managerial and organisational factors that need to be worked on in order to preserve the psychological health of oncologists.Introduction. Si beaucoup de publications ont été faites sur le burn-out des oncologues, peu de publications ont été faites sur les oncologues en France et aucune ne s'attache aux marqueurs positifs de leur santé psychologique. Notre étude est une étude nationale qui étudie le rôle du mode d'exercice, les déterminants et les conséquences de marqueurs positifs de la santé psychologique des oncologues en France.Méthodologie. L'enquête a été diffusée auprès des oncologues (n = 606) par les sociétés savantes ou groupes coopérateurs des différentes spécialités de cancérologie de mai à juillet 2022. Le questionnaire évaluait les relations entre le mode d'exercice, les déterminants et les conséquences sur le travail, la santé des oncologues et les marqueurs positifs de la santé psychologique.Résultats. Les oncologues français présentent des scores élevés pour les marqueurs positifs de santé psychologique étudiés avec des différences selon la spécialité, le statut et le mode d'exercice. Concernant les déterminants, on retrouve les mêmes, avec des relations inverses, que ceux déjà connus pour le burn-out : impacts négatifs de l'équilibre vie pro/vie perso, du stress perçu, du workaholisme, de la charge de travail, de l'isolement professionnel, impact positif de lareconnaissance au travail et du soutien de la direction. Des résultats importants concernent la relation des facteurs étudiés avec la santé des oncologues, les comportements au travail mais aussi dans la relation avec les patients (impact important sur l'empathie et la compassion dans les soins).Conclusion. Notre étude met en évidence les facteurs managériaux et organisationnels devant être travaillés pour préserver la santé psychologique des oncologues
Les risques associés à l'élevage de volailles : constat et perspectives
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The co-occurrence of gambling and internet Gaming disorder among young adults: exploring the role of emotion regulation and rejection sensitivity
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Aspirin dosing after acute coronary syndrome with suspected aspirin resistance: the ANDAMAN trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground and Aims Despite current antithrombotic treatments, the recurrence of ischaemic events remains high in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) or aspirin resistance after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Whether twice-daily aspirin dosing reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in this population remains unknown. Methods In this prospective multicentre, randomized trial, patients with ACS and DM or high-risk of aspirin resistance (HRAR) defined as: (i) an index event occurring while on aspirin; (ii) body mass index ≥27 kg/m2; or (iii) increased waist circumference were assigned to receive enteric-coated aspirin once daily (100 mg/day) or twice daily (100 mg morning and evening). The primary outcome was MACE, a composite of any death, myocardial infarction, stroke, urgent coronary revascularization, stent thrombosis, or acute arterial thrombotic event assessed using a time-to-first-event analysis. The main secondary outcome was major bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3–5). Results In total, 2484 participants were enrolled (77.2% with DM, 55.5% with ST-elevation segment myocardial infarction). The median follow-up duration was 18 (interquartile range: 17.6–18.3) months. The primary outcome occurred in 95 of 1228 participants (7.7%) in the twice-daily aspirin group, and 110 of 1256 (8.8%) in the once-daily group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–1.19; P = .42). Major bleeding rates were similar between the groups (1.9% vs 2.1%; HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.50–1.55). Conclusions In patients with ACS and DM or HRAR, twice-daily aspirin did not significantly reduce the risk of MACE compared to once-daily dosing. No significant difference was observed in major bleeding between groups. Trial Registration NCT02520921/EUDRACT No: 2015-000947-18
Forgotten IncZ plasmids – classification and occurrence
No full textInternational audienceBackground and objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat and because it is oftenencoded on plasmids, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of plasmid spread. IncZ plasmids arepart of the I-complex together with IncB/O, IncI1, IncI2, IncI1ɣ, IncK1 and IncK2. Currently, IncZplasmids cannot be detected or distinguished from other members of the I-complex, by the mostcommonly used tools like PCR-Based Replicon Typing (PBRT) and PlasmidFinder. Therefore, theiroccurrence and epidemiology are not well-known.Methods: This study analysed 56 IncZ plasmids isolated from E. coli from humans, cattle, poultry andpigs in Europe. The isolates were mapped against reference IncZ plasmids using Blastn to detect thepresence of the IncZ plasmid. The isolates were sequenced using both Illumina and Nanoporetechnology. Additionally, 126 publicly available complete sequences were added to the analysis.Results: A phylogenetic tree based on the RNAI-sequence was constructed, revealing distinctclusters. The largest cluster contained IncZ plasmids isolated mostly from humans (n=67), but alsoanimals, which indicates plasmids in this cluster are spread more widely. These plasmids harboured alarge diversity of resistance genes. The second largest cluster contained IncZ plasmids (n=42), whichwere isolated exclusively from hospitalized patients and were associated with blaCTX-M-14. Otherclusters detected were significantly smaller possibly indicating lower prevalence of plasmids withinthem, compared those in the afore mentioned two large clusters, or a sampling bias. Phylogenetictrees based on alignments of the PBRT amplicon and whole plasmid sequences were alsoconstructed in order to compare plasmid clustering and to assess the possible application of eachsequence as a typing target. Different clusters were observed between the different phylogenetic treesdue to large number of accessory genes.Conclusions: Data presented showed occurrence of IncZ plasmids, highlighting the importance ofplasmid classification in its role for detection of prevalent and/or endemic plasmids. Additionally, theresults obtained demonstrate difficulties with choosing appropriate targets for IncZ plasmidclassification
Synthesis, characterization and magnetic behaviors of La<sub>1-x</sub>Cs<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> (0 ≤x ≤ 0.1) ceramics
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we focus on the Cs-doping effect at the La-site in La1-xCsxMnO3 (x = 0; 0.05 and 0.1) manganite. Synthesized powders via the sol-gel auto-combustion route have been characterized by structural and magnetic measurements. All samples crystallize into a rhombohedral structure with R c space group as confirmed by Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The diffraction analyses as function of temperature reveal a linear evolution of the structural parameters influencing the Jahn-Teller (J-T) distortion. Spherical nanoparticles have been observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses confirmed the expected presence of La, Cs, Mn and O ratio, as well as the phase purity of the synthesized materials. The polycrystalline grain structure was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where crystallite size obtained from TEM ranges from 21 nm to 120 nm as function of the composition and sintered temperature. The lattices fringes resolved in the high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image
Periodicity and longtime diffusion for mean field systems in
No full text43 pagesInternational audienceWe study in this paper the longtime behavior of some large but finite populations of interacting stochastic differential equations whose (infinite population) limit Fokker-Planck PDE admits a stable periodic solution. We show that the empirical measure for the population of size stays close to the periodic solution, but with a random dephasing at the timescale that converges weakly to a Brownian motion with constant drift
High‐throughput microfluidic real‐time PCR as a promising tool in disease ecology
No full textInternational audienceAmong recent advances in molecular biology for studying infectious diseases, the microfluidic high‐throughput real‐time polymerase chain reaction (Htrt PCR) has emerged as an efficient first‐line tool for the detection of a wide range of infectious agents (IA) in a host system. This technology allows large batches of samples to be screened simultaneously for tens of targeted IA by real‐time PCR. It represents a promising tool in disease ecology. As a proof of concept, we present here the development steps and initial application of a microfluidic Htrt PCR system for the detection of DNA from 28 selected IA in a set of wild vertebrates. We applied this approach to 497 samples (mainly mucosal swabs and necropsy tissues) from 274 seabirds and 80 mammals from Southern Ocean islands. This ecosystem is of particular interest for disease ecology and biodiversity conservation due to the high host densities of breeding colonies, within and among which pathogens may spread rapidly. Positive samples were subsequently confirmed for each PCR system using a secondary real‐time or conventional PCR system and/or sequencing. Fourteen targeted IA were detected. The approach allowed an efficient screening of host species for known seabird pathogens, including Pasteurella multocida (avian cholera) (9.9% [6.6–14.0] in seabirds, 18.3% [9.5–30.4] in mammals) and Erysipelothrix amsterdamensis (15% [11–19.8] in seabirds, 2.1% [0.4–6.1] in mammals) in cloacal and rectal swabs. Their detection on islands where they were not known previously raised conservation concerns. IA not previously known to be circulating in the system were detected at high prevalence, notably Chlamydiaceae on all colonies (32.1% [26.6–38] in seabirds and 21.3% [12.9–31.8] in mammals, in cloacal and rectal swabs). Prevalence and diversity of targeted IA could be compared among sites and host species, highlighting the usefulness of the approach to explore drivers of IA community dynamics, but also to identify specific hosts as potential epidemiological sentinels or reservoirs. Htrt PCR is a powerful and versatile tool that can be used in disease ecology for exploring the composition of IA communities within host communities, but also for addressing other important basic and applied questions in multi‐host, multi‐pathogen systems.Parmi les progrès récents de la biologie moléculaire dans l'étude des maladies infectieuses, la PCR en temps réel microfluidique à haut débit (Htrt PCR) apparaît comme un outil de première intention efficace pour la détection d'un large panel d'agents infectieux (IA) dans un système donné. Cette technologie permet de tester simultanément un grand nombre d'échantillons pour des dizaines d'agents infectieux ciblés par PCR en temps réel et représente donc un outil prometteur en écologie des maladies infectieuses. Comme preuve de concept, nous présentons ici la mise en place et l'application d'un système Htrt PCR pour la détection de 28 IA à ADN dans des populations de vertébrés sauvages. Cette approche a été appliquée à 497 échantillons (écouvillons de cloacaux et tissus d'autopsie) provenant de 368 oiseaux marins et mammifères des îles subantarctiques. Cet écosystème présente un intérêt particulier en écologie des maladies infectieuse en raison notamment des fortes densités des colonies au sein desquelles la circulation des IA peut être importante. Tous les échantillons positifs en Htrt PCR ont été confirmés secondairement par des PCR en temps réel ou classiques et/ou par séquençage. Quatorze des IA ciblés ont été détectés. L'approche a permis de rechercher efficacement certains IA connus pour être associés à des mortalités d'oiseaux marins, comme l'agent du choléra aviaire ( Pasteurella multocida ) (9,9% [6,6‐14,0] chez les oiseaux marins et 18,3% [9,5‐30,4] chez les mammifères) ou la bactérie Erysipelothrix amsterdamensis (15% [11–19,8] chez les oiseaux marins et 2,1% [0,4‐6,1] chez les mammifères). Leur détection sur des îles jusqu'à présent considérées comme indemnes soulève avec de fortes implications dans la conservation des espèces. Certains IA, dont la circulation dans ce système n'était pas connue auparavant, ont été détectées avec de fortes prévalences, comme la famille des Chlamydiaceae sur toutes les colonies (32,1% [26,6–38] chez les oiseaux marins et 21,3% [12,9‐31,8] chez les mammifères). La prévalence et la diversité des IA ciblés ont pu être comparées entre les sites et les espèces hôtes, soulignant l'utilité de l'approche dans l'exploration des dynamiques des communautés d'IA, ainsi que dans l'identification de potentielles espèces sentinelles épidémiologiques ou réservoirs. La PCR Htrt semble être un outil intéressant pour l'écologie des maladies infectieuses, permettant d'explorer la composition des communautés d'IA au sein des communautés d'hôtes, tout en abordant des questions fondamentales et/ou appliquées sur les systèmes multi‐hôtes et multi‐pathogènes
Cows visually discriminate and cross-modally recognise familiar and unfamiliar human faces in videos
No full textSocial recognition has been studied and demonstrated in many species. In domesticated species, the long evolutionary history shared with humans has led to investigations into their cognitive abilities towards humans, particularly regarding discrimination and recognition of humans. The present study investigated whether cows are capable of visual discrimination and cross-modal recognition of familiar and unfamiliar humans. Thirty-two cows were exposed to two tests: a visual preference test, during which two silent videos were shown simultaneously - each displaying either a familiar or an unfamiliar human face - and a cross-modal test, during which the videos were accompanied by either a congruent or incongruent voice. During the visual preference test, cows looked significantly longer at the video showing the unfamiliar person (p = 0.025). In the cross-modal test, they looked significantly longer at the video that was congruent with the voice being played (p = 0.021). These two results show that cows are able to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar individuals and form cross-modal representations of these people. Based on these results, future research should explore whether cows can adjust their behaviour depending on the person they are interacting with - a capacity that may reflect their agency in human–animal relationships
