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High Psychological Impact of Covid‐19 on French Healthcare Workers: An Observational Cohort Study of PTSD, Depression and Burn‐Out
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction:The Covid-19 outbreak hit the world forcing public institutions to rethink their core functioning. Healthcare workers (HCWs) were particularly at risk for negative mental health outcomes, given their direct exposure to many pandemicrelated stressors. Our study aimed to assess the psychological outcomes of French HCWs during the Covid-19 pandemic, including PTSD, depression and burn-out. Methods: This study presents the baseline data of a large cohort study conducted during the pandemic. Participants were 849 French HCWs (mostly single women, working as nurses) assessed for PTSD with the PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5), for depression with the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire), and for burn-out and compassion satisfaction with the ProQOL (Professional Quality of Life). Other pandemic-related variables were also collected, including characteristics related to participants' Covid-19 experience, as well as psychological and clinical measures.</div
Impact of Corticosteroid-Free Regimen on Interstitial Fibrosis Following Kidney Transplantation
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: In kidney transplantation, concerns remain about whether corticosteroids (CS) avoidance could favor interstitial fibrosis (IF) and its progression. We conducted a multicenter randomized noninferiority clinical trial to evaluate the histopathological progression of IF using an innovative automated method in patients receiving CS or not.Methods: Low immunological risk recipients of a kidney allograft for whom an analyzable biopsy was available at implantation were randomly assigned to receive a CS-free regimen (CS-) or a standard CS tapering regimen (CS+). All patients received induction therapy with basiliximab, and conventional maintenance therapy. The primary outcome was the difference in the percentage change of IF between the baseline and the 1-year protocol biopsy with a prespecified 10% noninferiority margin.Results: A total of 108 patients were analyzed in the full analysis set (FAS) population as follows: 52 patients in the CS+ group and 56 patients in the CS- group. Complete avoidance of CS was reached in 36 (64%) CS- patients (per-protocol [PP] population). In the FAS population, the mean percentage of IF at implantation was 19.5% ± 7.9% in the CS- group (n = 51) and 17.9% ± 7.8% in the CS+ group (n = 49; P = 0.3), and 25.9% ± 11% (n = 43) and 21.5% ± 11.2% (n = 39; P = 0.03) at 1 year. Considering the difference in IF change, the CS- group was noninferior to the CS+ group neither in the FAS and PP population: 4.45% 95% confidence interval [CI]: [-0.4% to 9.3%] and 3.0% 95% CI: [-2.7% to 8.6%], respectively.Conclusion: Progression of IF during the first year following kidney transplantation was not inferior among patients without CS compared with patients with CS
Local limits of conditioned marked Galton Watson trees
No full textWe consider a Galton-Watson tree where each node is marked independently of each others with a probability depending on its outdegree. We give a complete picture of the local convergence of critical or sub-critical marked Galton-Watson trees conditioned on having a large number of marks. In the critical and sub-critical generic case, the limit is a random marked tree with an infinite spine, named marked Kesten's tree. We focus also on the non-generic case, where the local limit is a random marked tree with a node with infinite out-degree. This case corresponds to the so-called marked condensation phenomenon.Nous considérons un arbre de Galton-Watson dans lequel chaque nœud est marqué indépendamment des autres, avec une probabilité dépendant de son degré sortant. Nous donnons une description complète de la convergence locale des arbres de Galton-Watson marqués, critiques ou sous-critiques, conditionnés à avoir un grand nombre de marques.Dans les cas critique et sous-critique générique, la limite est un arbre marqué aléatoire avec une branche infinie, appelé arbre de Kesten marqué. Nous nous intéressons également au cas non générique, où la limite locale est un arbre marqué aléatoire comportant un nœud avec un degré sortant infini. Ce cas correspond au phénomène dit de condensation marquée
Refined genotype–phenotype correlations in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients with NF1 point variants
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most frequent genetic disorders. NF1 is caused by dominant loss-of-function pathogenic variants (PVs) of the tumour-suppressor gene NF1, which encodes neurofibromin, a negative regulator of rat sarcoma proteins. NF1 is an autosomal dominant disorder with complete penetrance, but a highly variable expression. Identification of genotype-phenotype correlations is challenging because of the wide clinical variability, the progressive nature of the disorder and the extreme diversity of the mutation spectrum. Only a few NF1 point variants have been associated with a specific phenotype in NF1 patients.Methods: We investigated a large, well-phenotyped NF1 cohort.Results: We report analyses of genotype-phenotype correlations in 112 NF1 patients with specific NF1 point variants: p.Arg1809 missense variants were associated with a mild form of NF1 (n=24), while a more severe phenotype was associated with codons 844-848 (n=27), p.Arg1276 (n=25) and p.Lys1423 (n=35) missense variants. We describe a new correlation for p.Arg1204 missense variants (n=11), with no neurofibroma observed in patients. Functional studies will be critical for drawing conclusions on the potential hypomorphic or dominant-negative effects of these variants.Conclusion: The current data confirms several genotype-phenotype correlations in NF1, which may be relevant to the management and surveillance of NF1 patients with specific NF1 PVs
Animal Welfare: Key Factors and Their Assessment in Light of Current Research
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Neurocognitive Patterns for Episodic Metamemory Judgments In Young and Older Adults: First Insights
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Insegnare la literacy digitale agli adolescenti: definizioni, competenze e strategie pedagogiche
No full textInternational audienceObwohl digitale Literalität für Bildungssysteme eine zentrale Herausforderung darstellt, bleibt ihre Vermittlung in Lehrplänen und Unterrichtspraktiken ein blinder Fleck. Wir schlagen eine Definition und einen konzeptionellen Rahmen vor, der Lesestrategien in den Mittelpunkt der digitalen Kompetenz stellt. Eine wichtige Quelle für Schwierigkeiten bei Jugendlichen ist die Auswahl und Bewertung von Informationen, insbesondere wenn diese aus vielfältigen und heterogenen Quellen stammen, wie dies in sozialen Netzwerken der Fall ist. Wir fassen aktuelle und laufende Forschungsarbeiten zusammen, die die Auswirkungen pädagogischer Massnahmen auf verschiedenen Bildungsstufen bei Schülern im Alter von 10 bis 19 Jahren untersucht haben.Although digital literacy is an area of pressing concern for education systems, its teaching remains a blind spot in curricula and classroom practice. We propose a definition and a conceptual framework which places reading strategies at the core of digital competence. One major source of difficulty for adolescents is se- lecting and evaluating information, especially when it comes from multiple, diverse sources, as is the case in social networks. We summarise current and ongoing research that has explored the impact of educational measures at various educational levels among school pupils aged 10-19.Alors que la littéracie numérique est un enjeu de premier plan pour les systèmes éducatifs, son enseignement reste une zone d'ombre dans les programmes des systèmes d'enseignement secondaire. Nous proposons une définition et un cadre notionnel qui place la maîtrise fonctionnelle de la lecture au centre de la littéracie numérique. Une source importante de difficultés pour les élèves adolescents se situent dans la sélection et l'évaluation des informations, surtout lorsque celles-ci proviennent de sources multiples et hétérogènes, comme c'est le cas dans les réseaux dits sociaux. Nous résumons des recherches récentes ou en cours qui ont évalué l'impact d'interventions pédagogiques à différents niveaux du cursus, auprès d'élèves de 10 à 19 ans.Sebbene la literacy digitale rappresenti una sfida centrale per i sistemi educativi, il suo insegnamento rimane ancora un’area poco esplorata nei programmi e nelle pratiche didattici. In questo contributo pro- poniamo una definizione e un quadro concettuale che pongono le strategie di lettura al centro della literacy digitale. Una delle principali fonti di difficoltà per gli adolescenti risiede nella selezione e nella valutazione delle informazioni, soprattutto quando queste provengono da fonti multiple ed eterogenee, come avviene nel caso dei social media. Riassumiamo ricerche recenti o in corso che hanno valutato l’impatto di interventi pedagogici a diversi livelli del percorso scolastico, rivolti a studenti tra i 10 e i 19 anni
Structuring and enriching the rearing environment in conventional broiler chicken production: effects on behavioral indicators, emotional states, and cecal microbiota composition
No full textInternational audienceProviding a variety of elements in the rearing environment may offer a promising way to transition conventional broiler production towards more animal-friendly production systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a complex and structured rearing environment on broiler welfare by comparing three complex enriched rooms (E) with visual cues and multiple elements for resting or exploration, to three control rooms (C) with minimal enrichments. Each room housed 2450 Redbro chickens and received natural light. We evaluated how the rearing environment influenced chicken behavior, emotional state, and the cecal microbiota composition at the end of the rearing period. E chickens stood, foraged and moved more often than C chickens (e.g. 38% vs. 19% walking; 4% vs. 1% foraging, P < 0.001), while dustbathing frequency did not differ. In group-based tests, E chickens were more likely to approach and peck at a novel object or human (P < 0.05), suggesting reduced fearfulness and increased curiosity. In the detour test, E chickens exited the U-shaped area more frequently (P < 0.001) and vocalized less (P = 0.004), indicating greater exploratory motivation and possibly better spatial cognition. Microbiota analysis revealed no differences in alpha diversity, but beta diversity differed significantly between treatments (P < 0.001). E chickens had higher relative abundances of Bacteroidota, while C chickens had more Bacillota. Overall, the complex environment promoted natural behaviors, reduced emotional reactivity, and altered gut microbiota composition, supporting its potential to improve broiler welfare under semi-commercial conditions
Investigation of the structural properties of BiCuTaVOx compounds with improved oxygen ion conductivity and photocatalytic degradation of SMX
No full textInternational audienceThis study aimed to enhance the performance of Bi4V2O11 by synthesizing compounds with double substitution using (Cu2+) and (Ta5+) ions and investigating their photocatalytic activity. Bi4V2-xCux/2Tax/2O11-3x/4 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples were prepared using a solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed stabilization of the tetragonal γ-Bi4V2O11 phase for x = 0.2–0.4. These findings were corroborated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate microstructure and grain size. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy revealed structural changes in α-BiCuTaVOx (x = 0.1) due to thermal effects. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate electrical conductivity. Bandgap energies were measured using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was studied by comparing simple and double substitutions of Cu2+ and Ta5+. A synergistic effect was observed in the photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The sample with x = 0.3 showed the best photocatalytic activity and conductivity (σ600 °C = 4 × 10−3 S cm−1)
The pUL47 tegument protein of Marek’s Disease Virus interacts with p32/C1QBP to promote horizontal transmission: Role of the pUL47 /p32 interaction in MDV transmission
No full textInternational audienceInter-individual transmission is an essential part of viruses’ life cycle, yet the molecular basis of transmission remains elusive. Using Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV), a deadly and contagious herpesvirus of chickens that is transmitted by inhalation of contaminated dander, we previously demonstrated that tegument protein pUL47 was necessary for horizontal transmission in the natural host while being dispensable for pathogenesis and replication. We showed that pUL47 was also necessary for the correct splicing and expression of UL44 transcripts, which encode glycoprotein gC, another viral protein known as essential for MDV’s transmission. Here, with the aim of characterizing the molecular basis for the role of pUL47 in transmission, we identify the cellular protein p32/C1QBP / gC1qR, a regulator of mRNA splicing, as a binding partner. We demonstrate that this interaction is necessary for transmission while being dispensable for the correct splicing and expression of UL44 transcripts, thus uncoupling the role of pUL47 in transmission from gC. These results provide a deeper molecular understanding of the natural transmission of a Herpesvirus