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Hormonal regulation of parental care in insects: a call for exploring vulnerabilities to anthropogenic pollutants
No full textInternational audienceGlobal insect populations are declining at an alarming rate, threatening biodiversity and the ecosystem services on which humans depend. One potential driver of this decline is the alteration of key biological functions, including parental care, by anthropogenic factors such as chemical pollution and exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). This review synthesizes current knowledge on how EDCs may affect insect parental care, highlighting major gaps and opportunities for research. We first discuss the taxonomic bias in EDC research and its implications for understanding insect susceptibility. We then summarize what is known about the hormonal regulation of insect parental care, emphasizing that current knowledge is limited to a few species, a few behaviours, and primarily juvenile hormone. Next, we examine the sparse evidence for direct or indirect effects of chemical pollutants on parental behaviors. Finally, we propose five research priorities to elucidate the interplay between EDC exposure, hormonal regulation, and parental care in insects: clarifying hormonal mechanisms, applying unbiased -omics approaches combined with functional analyses, identifying EDCs most likely to disrupt care, expanding taxonomic and behavioral coverage, and linking individual-level effects to population outcomes. Addressing these priorities is timely to establish causal links between hormones, behaviour, and pollutants, providing essential insights to predict and mitigate the impacts of EDCs on insect populations, ecosystem functioning, and evolutionary dynamics
Physiologie de la poule, biologie de l’oeuf et applications en filières avicoles –Equipe "Biologie de l'Oeuf et Physiologie de la Poule", INRAE Centre Val de Loire
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A Decentralized Visual Interactive Tool to Analyze Entities in Wikidata
No full textInternational audienceWhich painter was the most impactful? Is tapestry more important than mosaic? How influential a genre is portrait? Rankingdom is an analysis tool for Wikidata entities that helps answer such questions. It provides statistical indicators comparing any entity to similar entities. For frugality reasons, indicators are calculated on demand and cached. This requires the execution of many complex SPARQL queries, which are limited in complexity and frequency by Wikidata's fair use policy. Thus, we introduce a decentralized architecture with a client-side parallelization engine (SParaQL) that decomposes and merges queries. Our approach is validated by the deployment of Rankingdom and a user study
ADHD and alcohol: Emotional regulation efforts pay off in quality of life points
No full textInternational audienceThe emotion dysregulation and impulsivity are highly associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study explored the role of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation and the interaction with adult probable ADHD on alcohol-related quality of life (QoL). In this observational trial, we analyzed data from the randomized TRAIN study, which compared efficacy of two cognitive training programs in patients AUD recently detoxified at 5 centers in France from February 2019 to February 2023, and who completed child and adult ADHD screening data (WURS + ARSR, n = 206 of 226). We collected baseline data on AUD severity, age, sex, quality of life (AQoLS), cognitive impairment (MoCA), impulsive behavior (UPPS-P) and emotion dysregulation (ERQ expressive suppression subscore, DERS-impulse). Patients with probable and without ADHD were compared. We performed multiple linear regression explaining the total AQoLS score (dependent variable) by impulsivity (UPPS-P score), emotion regulation (DERS-impulse), and expressive suppression (ERQ expressive suppression subscore), and their interaction with ADHD, adjusted on MoCA, sex, age. Forty (19%) patients were above the screening threshold for ADHD. The impact of alcohol on QoL was greater in them than in those without ADHD (57.3 (21.9) vs. 46.4 (19.6), p = 0.002). High impulsivity and emotion dysregulation dimensions were both significantly associated with poorer QoL. ADHD interacted significantly with expressive suppression to worsen the impact of alcohol on QoL (p = 0.04). The dysfunctional attempts to compensate for the strong dysregulation of emotions in ADHD lowers QoL in AUD
Guido Weiss: a few memories of a friend and an influential mathematician
No full textInternational audienceThis contribution starts with an exchange between us on the way we met Guido and he influenced our mathematical lives. Then it is mainly a survey paper that illustrates this influence by describing different topics and their subsequent evolution after his seminal papers and courses. Our main thread is the notion of a space of homogeneous type. In the second section we describe how it became central in pluricomplex analysis and consider particularly the existence of weak factorization for spaces of holomorphic functions. In the last section, one revisits the construction of a basis of wavelets in a space of homogeneous type and the way it allows a Littlewood-Paley analysis
Upper bounds for the blow-up time of the 2-d parabolic-elliptic Patlak-Keller-Segel model of chemotaxis
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we obtain upper bounds for the critical time T * of the blowup for the parabolic-elliptic Patlak-Keller-Segel system on the 2D-Euclidean space. Such estimates is rarely obtained and discuss in the papers on the subject No moment condition or/and entropy condition are required on the initial data; only the usual assumptions of non-negativity and finiteness of the mass is assumed. The result is expressed not only in terms of the supercritical mass M > 8π, but also in terms of the shape of the initial data
Droit(s) et Territoire(s) – Regards croisés des sciences juridiques et territoriales
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Bivariate P -and Q-polynomial structures of the association schemes based on attenuated spaces
No full textInternational audienceThe bivariate P -and Q-polynomial structures of association schemes based on attenuated spaces are examined using recurrence and difference relations of the bivariate polynomials which form the eigenvalues of the scheme. These bispectral properties are obtained from contiguity relations of univariate dual q-Hahn and affine q-Krawtchouk polynomials. The bispectral algebra associated to the bivariate polynomials is investigated, as well as the subconstituent algebra of the schemes. The properties of the schemes are compared to those of the non-binary Johnson schemes through a limit
The International Work Addiction Scale (IWAS): A screening tool for clinical and organizational applications validated in 85 cultures from six continents
No full textInternational audienceBackground and aims Despite the last decade's significant development in the scientific study of work addiction/workaholism, this area of research is still facing a fundamental challenge, namely the need for a valid and reliable measurement tool that shows cross-cultural invariance and, as such, allows for worldwide studies on this phenomenon. Methods An initial 16-item questionnaire, developed within an addiction framework, was administered alongside job stress, job satisfaction, and self-esteem measures in a total sample of 31,352 employees from six continents and 85 cultures (63.5% females, mean age of 39.24 years). Results Based on theoretical premises and psychometric testing, the International Work Addiction Scale (IWAS) was developed as a short measure representing essential features of work addiction. The seven-item version (IWAS-7), covering all seven components of work addiction, showed partial scalar invariance across 81 cultures, while the five-item version (IWAS-5) showed it across all 85 cultures. Higher levels of work addiction on both versions were associated with higher job stress, lower job satisfaction, and lower self-esteem across cultures. The optimal cut-offs for the IWAS-7 (24 points) and IWAS-5 (18 points) were established with an overall accuracy of 96% for both versions. Discussion and conclusions The IWAS is a valid, reliable, and short screening scale that can be used in different cultures and languages, providing comparative and generalizable results. The scale can be used globally in clinical and organizational settings, with the IWAS-5 being recommended for most practical and clinical situations. This is the first study to provide data supporting the hypothesis that work addiction is a universal phenomenon worldwide
