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Intergenerational Outdoor Play: What are the Motivations and Challenges of Canadian Grandparents?
No full textInternational audienc
Affective Symptoms and Amyloid Plaques: Antidepressant Response and Clinical Outcome Associated With Brain Amyloid Load in a 2-Year Cohort of Nondemented Older Adults With Depression—The ASAP Study
No full textInternational audienceThe ASAP study investigated whether amyloid load in the brain would be associated with poor antidepressant response in the short term (8 weeks) and worse clinical outcomes (remission status) in the long term (2 years)
Impact of early haemodynamic assessment by echocardiography on organ dysfunction and outcome of patients admitted to the emergency department with sepsis or septic shock: protocol of a multicentre randomised controlled trial (GENESIS)
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Acute circulatory failure plays a major role in the development of sepsis-related organ dysfunction. Current 'bundles' of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) include the administration of a fluid loading of 30 mL/kg in the presence of hypotension within the first hour of sepsis identification. The impact of haemodynamic assessment using echocardiography at the early phase of management of septic patients in the Emergency Department (ED) on patient-centred outcomes is unknown.Methods and analysis: This is a two-parallel arm randomised trial with blinded assessment comparing early haemodynamic assessment using transthoracic echocardiography aimed at guiding therapeutic management to standard of care according to current SSC recommendations in septic patients during initial management in 13 French EDs. Patients with suspected or documented infection and a qualifying quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score (haemodynamic criterion required: systolic blood pressure≤100 mm Hg) will be 1:1 randomised after 500 mL of fluid loading initiation. In the intervention group, echocardiography will allow identifying the haemodynamic profile at the origin of sepsis-induced circulatory failure and monitoring the efficacy and tolerance of fluid resuscitation, or of any other therapeutic intervention according to a predefined therapeutic algorithm. The control group will receive conventional 30 mL/kg fluid resuscitation (unless pulmonary venous congestion) according to SSC recommendations. Primary outcome will be the course of organ dysfunction assessed by the crude change in the modified SOFA score between baseline and 24 hours after randomisation. Secondary outcomes will be the nature of therapeutic interventions resulting from echocardiography (fluid loading, early initiation of vasopressor support or inotrope), the prevalence of the different haemodynamic profiles, the evolution of lactatemia, the safety of the initial therapeutic, the proportion of patients who develop secondarily septic shock, the orientation of patients after ED discharge and both day 7 and in-hospital mortality. We plan to randomise 312 patients.Ethics and dissemination: Approved by the Ethics Committee CPP Ouest V on 18 January 2021 (ref: 20/075-2-20.10.16.57638). The dissemination plan includes presentations at scientific conferences and publication of results in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number: NCT04580888
Deferring Arterial Catheterization in Critically Ill Patients with Shock
No full textInternational audienceBackground: In patients with shock, whether noninvasive blood-pressure monitoring is an effective alternative to the recommended use of an arterial catheter is uncertain.Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned patients who had shock and had been admitted to an intensive care unit within the past 24 hours to receive early insertion (<4 hours after randomization) of an arterial catheter (invasive strategy) or to be monitored with an automated brachial cuff (noninvasive strategy). Insertion of an arterial catheter was allowed later in patients assigned to the noninvasive-strategy group who met prespecified safety criteria. The primary outcome was death from any cause at day 28 (noninferiority margin, 5 percentage points). Adverse events of special interest related to the blood-pressure–monitoring device that was used were recorded, as was patient-reported pain or discomfort related to the ongoing presence of the device.Results: A total of 1010 patients underwent randomization; 504 patients assigned to the noninvasive-strategy group and 502 assigned to the invasive-strategy group were included in the analyses. A total of 74 patients (14.7%) in the noninvasive-strategy group and 493 (98.2%) in the invasive-strategy group underwent insertion of an arterial catheter. Death within 28 days occurred in 173 patients (34.3%) in the noninvasive-strategy group and 185 (36.9%) in the invasive-strategy group (adjusted risk difference, −3.2 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, −8.9 to 2.5; P=0.006 for noninferiority). Results of per-protocol analyses were similar in the two groups. A total of 66 patients (13.1%) in the noninvasive-strategy group and 45 (9.0%) in the invasive-strategy group had at least 1 day of pain or discomfort related to the ongoing presence of the blood-pressure–monitoring device. Hematoma or hemorrhage related to the arterial catheter occurred in 5 patients (1.0%) in the noninvasive-strategy group and 41 patients (8.2%) in the invasive-strategy group.Conclusions: Among patients with shock, results for death from any cause at day 28 indicated that management without early arterial catheter insertion was noninferior to early catheter insertion.(Funded by the French Ministry of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03680963.
Naming, selecting, and using plants: Botanical knowledge in 16th century perfumery
No full textInternational audienceIn the 16th century, the art of scent-making was transmitted through recipe books and other “how-to” manuals, both printed and manuscript. Written by perfumers, apothecaries, and various practitioners, these texts reveal a deep expertise in fragrance composition, encompassing both theoretical knowledge and technical skills. Selecting aromatic ingredients was the first crucial step, and here, a philological concern similar to that of botanists emerged: the need to correctly name plants. These books provided tested recipes using identifiable substances. In the Secreti (1555), widely circulated across Europe, Alessio Piemontese described ben oil for perfuming gloves. While perfumers called the nuts ben, he clarified for other readers that they were nux unguentaria in Latin, myrobalanos in Greek, and ben in Arabic.Beyond ingredient selection, its form also mattered, shaped by accumulated practical knowledge. A plant’s scent varied depending on the part used—flower, leaf, or rhizome— and its state, whether fresh or dried. Such expertise reflected a keen awareness of seasonality. Practitioners recommended fresh lavender or rosemary flowers when possible, dried otherwise. This knowledge circulated widely: in July 1553, the Sire de Gouberville obtained aromatic calamus and Florentine iris from an apothecary for his Damaske water (eau de Damas) but gathered fresh carnations (œillets) himself. This paper examines botanical knowledge in practical literature, reassessing the intersections between different bodies of knowledge and the varied perceptions of fragrant plants and their scents
A solinvivirus induces cellular antiviral response and reduces the lifespan of adult Hermetia illucens (black soldier flies)
No full textAbstract Viral pathogens pose an emerging threat to the sustainability of insect mass-rearing systems, yet remain understudied in key species like the black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens ). Although multiple viral sequences have been reported in BSF, their role in disease has not been established until now. Here, we provide the first in vivo characterisation of Hermetia illucens solinvivirus (HiSvV), confirming its role as a viral entomopathogen of BSF. Metatranscriptomic analysis of a diseased colony revealed a high viral load attributable to HiSvV. We successfully isolated the virus and developed injection- and oral-based infection assays to investigate replication, tissue tropism, transmission and risk of mortality. HiSvV replicated in inoculated adults, induced premature mortality in flies, and was transmitted both horizontally and vertically. Infected flies also mounted a broad antiviral response, supporting active pathogenesis. These findings establish HiSvV as the first confirmed viral pathogen of BSF and underscore the urgent need for viral surveillance and experimental tools to safeguard industrial insect rearing
Molecular docking, dynamic molecular simulation and in silico ADMET screening study of novel bidentate tetrazolyl-adipate anti-HIV drugs candidate
No full textInternational audienceIn order to develop specific inhibitors of CYP3A4, we chose new derivatives of adipic acid the 2,5-(5-aryl tetrazol-2yl) dimethyl adipate L 1 -L 5 . During this study, the Ritonavir molecule known as inhibitor of the cytochrome CYP3A4 are chosen as a reference. A molecular docking simulation on the enzyme 7UAZ is conducted for the ligands L 1 -L 5 , in order to study the predictive binding affinity and the interaction mechanism of the 5-aryltetrazolyl substituents introduced at positions 2 and 5 of adipic acid. A molecular docking study revealed that the relative activation energy level ranged from -10.1 to -7.6 kcal/mol, falling within the range of Ritonavir at -9.0 kcal/mol, which confirms the stability of the ligands within the studied enzyme. The results show that the binding mode of the ligands on the enzyme 7UAZ varies significantly depending on the substituent at the -C5 position of the tetrazole, with the best results obtained for the ligands L 2 and L 5 . Then a comparative study based on silico ADMET properties selected only L 2 as a potential inhibitor of CYP3A4. A 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation on the ligand-protein complex highlights the stability of ligand L 2 within the 7UAZ protein
Chanter sur l’air de…: Usages et pratiques des timbres du Moyen Âge à nos jours
No full textInternational audienceActes publiés par Marlène Belly, Judith le Blanc, Bertrand Porot, Alice Tacaille et Jean Vignes, avec la collaboration de Claire Sicard "Sur tous les continents, à toutes les époques, d’innombrables poètes, experts ou amateurs, ont composé ou composent encore leurs vers en les chantant sur un air préexistant. Le mot timbre désigne ordinairement cet air connu ou supposé tel à partir duquel on écrit et l’on chante de nouvelles paroles, sur l’air de… Cette pratique, qui semble universelle, a engendré un foisonnement considérable de textes et de recueils, qui relèvent à la fois du corpus poétique (ce sont des vers) et du corpus musical (ils sont destinés au chant).Attesté dès l’Antiquité tardive et utilisé au Moyen Âge dans le cadre de la centonisation, le principe est largement repris dans les siècles suivants où l’on parle de parodie, de contrafactum ou de vaudeville, ce dernier se constituant même en genre musical. La pratique est commune à toutes sortes de répertoires : des chants et cantiques populaires, des chansons spirituelles, des noëls, des messes. On la retrouve sur la scène des théâtres, dans les sociétés de caveaux, les goguettes, les cabarets de chansonniers. Elle inspire encore volontiers les chansons de soldats, les chants de manifestations, de résistances, les spots publicitaires, les banquets et autres cérémonies festives. Les motivations sont diverses : reprise d’un air à une époque où la question des droits d’auteur ne se posait pas, démarche didactique ou prosélyte sollicitant la mémoire collective, subversion parodique à visée politique, exploitation d’une chanson à succès dans une autre langue (l’exercice peut alors relever de la traduction, de la paraphrase poétique), etc. L’examen des diverses pratiques engage donc à réévaluer la pertinence d’oppositions courantes mais souvent discutables comme savant et populaire, écrit et oral, citadin et rural.C’est un questionnement interdisciplinaire sur cet immense corpus qui inspire le présent ouvrage. Il apporte de nouveaux éclairages à la fois littéraires, historiques, musicologiques et anthropologiques sur ce procédé infiniment fécond, en remettant en question, le cas échéant, le caractère « mineur » des genres auxquels cette pratique a donné naissance, et sans jamais perdre de vue la dimension essentielle de performance. Sont envisagés notamment l’étude et la comparaison des sources (chansonniers édités ou manuscrits, recueils de la Bibliothèque bleue ou de colporteurs), la question des supports contemporains, les aspects sociaux (acteurs, lieux, interprètes, destinataires) et artistiques (écriture musicale, poétique), les relations avec les musiques de danse, les mécanismes intertextuels et intermusicaux, la place de ce type de productions poético-musicales dans la réflexion théorique littéraire, le sens qui se dégage de l’usage de timbres militants, prosélytes, confessionnels ou éducatifs, les réappropriations de timbres « anciens » dans leurs différents contextes, sacré ou profane, public ou privé, de rue ou spectaculaire.Cet ouvrage, d’une envergure largement inédite, est le fruit de quatre journées de colloque tenues en 2021 et 2022 avec le concours des universités de Paris (Sorbonne Université, Paris Cité), Poitiers, Rouen, Reims et Tours. Il éclaire la diversité de ces corpus de manière interdisciplinaire, depuis les origines du phénomène à nos jours.
Comparing Text Augmentation by GPT-3.5 and Llama3 for Evaluating Student Responses
No full textInternational audienceWriting is a critical educational task because it encompasses so many skills necessary for the modern world, including vocabulary and grammar acquisition, critical thinking, adapting to different audiences, and determining how best to communicate one's ideas. However, written assignments are notoriously time-consuming for teachers to grade, and timely feedback is critical for students' learning. Automated evaluation can provide quick student feedback while easing the manual evaluation burden for teachers. Current machine learning-based methods of evaluating student textual responses have met with varying degrees of success. One main challenge in training these models is the scarcity of student-generated data. Large volumes of training data are needed to create accurate models, and few educational tasks are large enough. To overcome this data scarcity issue, text augmentation techniques have been used to balance and expand the data set so that classification models can be trained with higher accuracy, providing more useful feedback for teachers and students. This paper examines the performance of text augmentation using two Large Language Models (LLMs) to provide supplemental texts for training models for classifying student answers in English and French educational tasks. Our results show that text generation can dramatically improve model performance on small data sets over simple self-augmentation, especially when the LLM is set to generate more varied responses
Comparaison des approches RMN 1D et 2D pour l’identification de biomarqueurs hépatiques de l’exposition à faible dose de PolyChloroBiphényles (PCBs) chez le poulet
No full textInternational audienceLes polluants organiques persistants suscitent des préoccupations majeures en raison de leur toxicité, leur bioaccumulation et leur présence dans les aliments d’origine animale. Dans le cadre du projet ANR Sentinel (ANR-19-CE21-0011-02) visant à renforcer la surveillance de la sécurité alimentaire, les travaux portent sur une étude de cas dans l’objectif d’identifier des marqueurs endogènes suite à une exposition aux PCB chez le poulet par une approche non ciblée par RMN. Pour surmonter les limites de la RMN 1D, l’intérêt de la RMN 2D a été évalué à l’aide de séquences 2D rapides. Des extraits aqueux et lipidiques de foie de poulets exposés à de faibles doses de PCB (Aroclor 1260 : 4 ; 20 ; 200 µg/kg/jour) dans l’alimentation pendant 45 jours ont été analysés par RMN 1D et 2D (i.e. COSY ultrarapide, COSY rapide, TOCSY à échantillonnage non uniforme (NUS) et HSQC NUS) sur un spectromètre RMN 600 MHz. Des analyses statistiques multivariées ont été réalisées afin de différencier les animaux témoins des animaux exposés. Les premiers résultats sur les extraits lipidiques montrent que la RMN 2D HSQC NUS permet de séparer les groupes témoins et contaminés, alors qu’aucune séparation n’est observée en RMN 1D, révélant des biomarqueurs. Ces résultats mettent en avant la valeur ajoutée de la RMN 2D pour améliorer l’identification des marqueurs. Des analyses multi-tableaux intégrant toutes les séquences 2D sont en cours. Notre méthodologie innovante ouvre la voie au développement de nouvelles solutions pour un suivi efficace, applicables à d'autres études nutritionnelles