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La labellisation des villages en région Centre-Val de Loire : tout pour le tourisme ?
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Digestibility of five sorghum varieties selected for crude protein content in broilers
No full textInternational audienceThe European poultry feed industry faces challenges linked to climate change or shifting economic situation. Sorghum, a drought-tolerant crop, represents a promising alternative to maize in poultry diets. However, grain quality traits, such as protein content and digestibility, are not yet prioritised in selection programs. This study assessed the digestibility of five sorghum varieties selected for their crude protein (CP) and tannin contents.A total of 102 Ross 308 male broilers were housed in individual cages at D22 and assigned to one the six experimental diets. The first diet was a control one (C). The five others were composed of 75% C and 25% of one of the five tested sorghum varieties with four tannin-free CIRAD01 (12.1% CP), MACIA (11.4% CP), TX623 (10.7% CP), ISN60C (9.5% CP), or SC59 (10.7% CP; tannin-containing). Diets included 2% celite as an indigestible marker. Individual faeces were collected to evaluate the total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N, corrected or not for uric acid excretion). After this period, birds were sacrificed to collect ileal content and evaluate the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA). Data were analysed using a one-way ANOVA.The TTAD of DM and N, differed significantly among varieties (p=0.002 and 0.001, respectively). The ISN60C variety showed the highest digestibility of DM and N (86.5% and 80.2%, respectively), while the SC59 one had the lowest N digestibility (66%). However, this effect of varieties is lost when N is correted (p=0.66). In SC59, the AID of five AA was also found to be significantly lower, including cysteine (77.7%; p=0.002) and arginine (87.1%; p=0.01), most likely in relation with the presence of tannins. ISN60C and MACIA showed the highest digestibility coefficients. This may be attributed to differences in the composition in kafirins , known to affect protein digestibility and other grain storage proteins. Certain sorghum varieties could indeed possess particular protein composition that mitigate this negative effect of kafirins, a hypothesis currently under investigation.Further analyses, including metabolisable energy evaluation, are also underway to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the nutritional characteristics of these sorghum varieties
Development and characterization of a saturated transposon mutant library of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis LA5
No full textInternational audienceWe created and characterized a saturated Tn-seq mutant library in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Enteritidis strain LA5. The set of essential genes after culture in rich medium was determined. This functional genomics tool will aid in identifying the roles of chromosomal and plasmid virulence determinants
XXXVIIIèmes Journées de linguistique d’Asie orientale. Livret des résumés
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Expérience d’une menace de mort à l'université : performer les tracés de la violence, du Soi et de l’Autre
No full textInternational audienceUn unique mail de menace de mort reçu sur ma messagerie professionnelle de l’université, et pourtant tout y est ! Performatif il agit comme un choc, comme un révélateur dont le pouvoir réticulaire cognitif envahit, pénètre, parasite le quotidien et les relations sociales de celle ou celui qui le reçoit. Inattendu, il bouleverse à la fois le temps et l’espace. Par sa fulgurance, il bouleverse et reconfigure l’identité de la personne enseignante-chercheuse non pas dans son identité référentielle que définit la carte nationale d’identité mais dans son identité morale, dans ses relations qui l’attachent à une communauté (professionnelle, politique, familiale, syndicale…). Donner corps à mon expérience en me mettant en état d’énonciation présuppose aussi que l’objet de ce texte est indissociable du temps de l’observation ethnographique et de l’imprégnation lente et progressive des effets de la menace par mail et non de ses causes. Mettre au jour ce qui n’est pas dit et ce qui est caché, analyser les faits et les actions des différents acteurs engagés dans cet événement oblige donc à un décentrement. Comment décrire les faits ? Comment déposer des témoignages qui incitent le Moi cognitif de l’ethnologue à un retour réflexif et critique, constaté ici-même d’expériences, et à une relecture de l’altérité de l’autre, de l’altérité des autres sans cesse relative et de fait analysable ? Cette publication comme la communication au colloque qui l’a précédée présentent pour la première fois l’ethnographie très particulière de cette menace de mort. Ce texte dont les matériaux sont recueillis au fil de l’eau d’une enquête ethnographique et policière toujours en cours depuis octobre 2021 ne saurait être reçu comme un essai littéraire, comme ont pu l’évoquer certains car comme le soulignait Maurice Godelier, il ne peut s’offrir à autant d’interprétations que de lecteurs. L’ethnographie dépliée ici met en circulation les connaissances et les représentations que j’acquiers en état de menace de mort telles celles révélées aux personnes franchissant les étapes d’un rite d’initiation et, par-delà ce texte, elle ouvre à une mise en débat d’une actualité qui concerne chacun de nous au sein de la communauté scientifique de chercheurs et d’enseignants-chercheurs
Rounding contrast activation in Ngbúgù : licensing and subsegmental interactions
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Mathematical Modeling and Artificial Intelligence to Explore Connections Between Glaucoma and the Gut Microbiome
No full textInternational audienceBackground and Objectives: Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness, with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most prevalent form. While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-known risk factor for POAG, emerging evidence suggests that the human gut microbiome may also play a role in the disease. This review synthesizes current findings on the relationship between gut microbiome and glaucoma, with a focus on mathematical modeling and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to uncover key insights. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, covering studies from its inception to 1 August 2024. Selected studies included basic science, observational research, and those incorporating mathematical-related models. Results: Traditional statistical and machine learning approaches, such as random forest regression and Mendelian randomization, have identified associations between specific microbiota and POAG features. These findings highlight the potential of AI to explore complex, nonlinear interactions in the gut–eye axis. However, limitations include variability in study designs and a lack of integrative, mechanistic models. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence supports the existence of a gut–eye axis influencing POAG disease. Combining data-driven and mechanism-driven models with AI could identify therapeutic targets and novel biomarkers. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies in diverse populations and integrate physiological data to improve model accuracy and clinical relevance. Furthermore, physics-based models could deepen our mechanistic understanding of the gut–eye axis in glaucoma, advancing beyond associative findings to actionable insights
Eutectic Solvents as Alternatives for Extracting Biologically Active Compounds from Marine Natural Products
No full textSpecial Issue InformationDear Colleagues,Marine biomasses are a significant source of new molecules for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic applications. However, their extraction, formulation, or stabilization can cause environmental issues. To address this, deep eutectic solvents (DES) and low transition temperature mixtures (LTTM) offer a promising alternative for the valorization of marine molecules of interest. These new multifunctional solvents can offer significant benefits for pre-treating biomass, extracting or purifying molecules of interest, and stabilizing or formulating them.For this Special Issue, we invite academic and industrial scientists to submit original research articles and conceptual reviews that highlight the use of DES or LTTM for the valorization of metabolites of marine origin.Prof. Dr. Leslie Boudesocque-DelayeDr. Ana Rita Xavier De Jesus GameiroGuest Editor
Modeling and Extraction of the Specific Contact Resistance of GaN p-i-n Diodes up to 40 GHz
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we propose a high-frequency model taking into account the series resistance of pseudovertical GaN based PiN diodes. This model relies on the specific contact resistance on p-type GaN and the sheet resistance of the bottom n-type GaN. Those two quantities are obtained while fitting the RF experimental data and are slightly different from the DC values. The interest of this model is that the effective values, at the working frequency instead of "only" the DC values, are extracted using only few devices. The novelty of the work resides in the consideration of the geometrical dimensions of the diode (anode radius and distance between anode and cathode) in the model. Furthermore, the model allows the determination of the most limiting geometrical parameters and can predict the series resistance of other topologies. In the present case, we show the most limiting factor is the radius of the anode due to the difficulties to achieve low specific contact resistance on p-type GaN. The parasitic capacitance is also extracted using the measured devices, allowing the modeling of the effective capacitance as a function of the frequency.</div
Consommateurs en situation de handicap : les défis du marketing inclusif
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/consommateurs-en-situation-de-handicap-les-defis-du-marketing-inclusif-241511Le marketing devrait davantage intégrer les besoins et les envies des personnes en situation de handicap. Trop souvent, elles doivent s’adapter ou renoncer à la consommation. Des solutions existent