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Les dépôts tardo-antiques de l’établissement rural du Gurtelbach à Dehlingen (67)
No full textInternational audienceL’habitat rural du Gurtelbach à Dehlingen (Bas-Rhin) a été découvert en 1993. Depuis, il a fait l’objet de plusieurs campagnes de sondages et de fouilles. Le site est occupé du IIe siècle av. J.-C. au Ve siècle ap. J.-C. À l’origine le site est une ferme qui acquière le statut de villa entre la fin du Ier siècle ap. J.-C. et la fin du IIIe siècle comme en témoigne la présence d’équipements de confort (hypocauste), des éléments ostentatoires (galerie de façade, marbre) et une dissociation des parties agricole et résidentielle. À partir de la fin du IIIe siècle, les espaces sont progressivement modifiés, transformant le site en un habitat plus modeste jusqu’à son abandon dans le courant du Ve siècle ap. J.-C.Au cours du IIIe siècle, deux fosses ont été creusées, refermant des dépôts de nature différente. La première se situe dans le bâtiment résidentiel de l’établissement tandis que la seconde se trouve à 75 m au sud dans un bâtiment de type grange.La première fosse (2 m² d’envergure) est creusée au milieu de la cour centrale de la pars urbana. Fouillée en 1994, elle comporte en majorité du mobilier métallique en fer : un ensemble de pièces de charronnerie (chevilles, axe d’essieu, éléments de renfort et support, éléments de décor et ferrures diverses), de l’outillage (herminette, dent de fourche), des ustensiles domestiques (des forces) et des déchets de métallurgie (scories, culot de forge). S’ajoutent à cela plusieurs éléments en alliage cuivreux et des céramiques datant la structure à la fin du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C. Les objets ont été relativement bien conservés, comme le prouve la présence d’éléments en bois (lattes calcinées, non conservées suite à la fouille) encore associés aux pièces de char. L’abondance de pièces de char ne résulterait pas d’une récupération des métaux, mais à un geste volontaire de sélection.Dans un autre bâtiment, interprété comme une grange, lors des fouilles de 2016, une seconde fosse à dépôt a été découverte à proximité d’un mur interne de l’édifice. Cette fosse est bien moins importante que la première puisque sa longueur maximale n’excède pas les 0,8 m. Profonde d’une trentaine de centimètres, elle contient une faucille (de tradition germanique ou celtique), une fibule (type « Soldatenfibel »), une monnaie (antoninien de Gordien), une fusaïole (avec des décors en ocelles) et des fragments d’appliques. Cette suite d’objet singulière est bien différente du premier dépôt, car sa nature ne semble pas répondre à des besoins de récupération ou de thésaurisation. La présentation comportera une description détaillée des deux dépôts (contexte, nombre d’individus, dimensions, masse et identification), tout en confrontant des données de fouilles anciennes (fosse du bâtiment résidentiel) et des données de fouilles récentes (fosse de la grange)
Micrograd
No full textA pedagogical implementation of neural networks using a reverse-mode automatic differentiation engine, with explanations and tools for exploration
On the singularities of the spectral shift function for some tight-binding models
No full textWe consider perturbed discrete tight-binding models in ℓ_2(ℤ,G) describing union of quantum particles with localized interactions, where ℤ_h is the 1D lattice hℤ, h>0, and G is a separable Hilbert space. The perturbations play the role of self-adjoint relatively compact (matrix-valued) electric potentials with B(G)-valued coefficients decaying polynomially at infinity. We analyze the Spectral Shift Function (SSF) associated to the pair of the perturbed and the unperturbed operators. On the one hand, we show that the SSF is bounded near the spectral thresholds of the essential spectrum if dim(G)<+∞. On the other hand, if dim(G)=+∞, we show that it may have singularities at some thresholds points μ of the essential spectrum. In particular, new mechanisms allowing the SSF to have singularities at the thresholds are exhibited, based on the degeneracy of the spectrum of the unperturbed operator. Moreover, we give the main terms of the asymptotic behaviors of the SSF near μ described in terms of some explicit effective Berezin-Toeplitz type operators. These results are completed by Levinson type formulas and examples of eigenvalues asymptotics for power-like and exponential decay potentials
Spiritual Support for People Affected by Dementia: A Scoping Review
No full textInternational audienceAs a life-limiting illness, dementia requires a holistic approach to care, where spiritual support plays a crucial role in helping individuals and their caregivers find meaning and solace. Our aim was to systematically map the research conducted on psychosocial interventions developed to provide spiritual support for people living with dementia and their caregivers from diagnosis and across the disease trajectory. A scoping review was conducted to explore the breadth of research on ‘spiritual support’ in dementia care, encompassing interventions, service delivery models, programs, toolkits, approaches, and activities. Electronic databases (MEDLINE (Pubmed), CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library) from inception until February 2025. References of included papers were hand searched. The quality of studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The findings were interpreted jointly with seven people with dementia and six family caregivers. Twelve papers met the eligibility criteria, reporting on interventions for people with dementia, caregivers, staff skills, care environments, and inclusive worship. Most studies were exploratory, with only one RCT. Studies originated from the USA (n = 4), Europe (n = 4), Australia (n = 2), Taiwan (n = 1), and Canada (n = 1). Eight focused on community settings, three on residential care, and one included both. Six studies involved people with dementia: four with mild to moderate, one with moderate to advanced, and one with mixed severity. Outcomes were inconsistent and there was a lack of longitudinal observational studies to track changes over time. Spiritual support should be personalised and multifaceted, incorporating creative activities and tailored interventions that reflect individual preferences and diverse backgrounds. Future research should employ longitudinal observational and intervention designs
Hand Dominance Increases During Concurrent Bimanual Tracking: The Role of Gaze Contingencies and Visual Display
No full textInternational audienceObjective: To examine the effect of dual tasking on hand dominance during a bimanual visuomotor task. Background: Many operators need to perform separate tasks with each hand. Yet, there is no comprehensive study examining whether the right-hand visuomotor advantage found in right handers remains stable, increases or attenuates when another task is performed concurrently with the other hand.Methods: Twenty-eight right-handed participants (mean age = 22) performed 2D visuomotor tracking under either unimanual (one target, one hand) or bimanual conditions (two targets, one for each hand). Various gaze contingencies and visual displays were tested. Tracking performance of each hand was evaluated through the mean cursor-target distance.Results: A clear right-hand advantage was found under all unimanual conditions. Under bimanual conditions, tracking accuracy decreased for both hands albeit more extensively for the left hand than the right when gaze was free, thus amplifying the above right-hand advantage. Prioritization of the right hand was associated with a gaze preference toward this hand. However, this increase in manual asymmetry was greatly alleviated when participants were instructed to fixate straight ahead, a benefit obtained at no cost in terms of overall tracking performance.Conclusions: During bimanual/dual tracking, there is a natural tendency for right handers to prioritize their right hand. However, this effect is strongly reduced by fixating straight ahead. Application: Performing separate tasks with the right and left hands is common when piloting an aircraft. Fixating straight ahead may be useful for pilots that seek to divide more equally the negative impact of dual/ bimanual tasking
Evaluating the evidence for GM-CSF as a host-directed therapy in respiratory infections
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Dérivé de phage couplé à un éditeur de base : un outil de modification génétique du microbiote
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"Une écologie décoloniale" de Malcom Ferdinand : décentrements épistémiques et esthétiques
No full textInternational audienceThis critical essay (in French) proposes to discuss certain points of Malcom Ferdinand’s "Une écologie décoloniale: Penser l’écologie depuis le monde caribéen" (2019), translated by Anthony Paul Smith as "Decolonial Ecology: Thinking from the Caribbean World" (2022). It emphasizes three elements in particular: the fundamental importance of "Une écologie décoloniale" in decentering the French metropolitan gaze; the more global project of deconstructing dichotomous thinking that is carried out in the book; and the aesthetic dimension that runs through "Une écologie décoloniale" and plays a full part in its power and impact. The essay examines these various points, paying particular attention to the forms taken by Ferdinand’s discourse (rhetoric, symbolic system, networks of implicit meanings), demonstrating the close interweaving of theory and aesthetics
Conclusion by the editors - Castellotti : Plurilingual competence, translanguaging, third-language didactics: sharing, contrasting, overcoming
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La compétence plurilingue : entre communication hybride et expérience altéritaire
No full textInternational audienceCe texte propose un historique de la genèse de la notion de compétence plurilingue et de certains de ses usages, avant de plaider pour une évolution épistémologique et terminologique