HAL Université de Tours
Not a member yet
55851 research outputs found
Sort by
L’opéra à la cour, de Mazarin à la Régence (1645-1723) : espaces de représentation, genres et interprètes
No full textInternational audienceAs a form of princely entertainment, opera flourished at court between Mazarin’s ministry and the Regency, and was destined to continue throughout the eighteenth century. Not subject to formal constraints or the logic of profitability, this genre was performed in different places within royal residences, depending on the circumstances and purpose of the production: the Palais-Royal in Paris, the Châteaux de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Versailles and Fontainebleau. In the absence of an actual theatre designed to meet the technical needs of opera, which would not be built in Versailles until 1770 for the wedding of the future Louis XVI, these spaces were arranged and used in different ways, hosting operas given in the sung version only, or semi-scenic with costumes, or with decors and machines. The discussion will also extend to the question of preferred genres and performers in order to gain a better understanding of the specific nature of the repertoire performed at court. Taken together, these elements provide a perspective on the curial practices of opera production and reception.En tant que déclinaison du spectacle princier, l’opéra a connu un essor à la cour entre le ministère de Mazarin et la Régence, destiné à perdurer tout au long du xviiie siècle. Non soumis à des contraintes formelles ni à une logique de rentabilité, ce genre investit une pluralité de lieux dans les résidences royales, selon les circonstances et la finalité des productions : le Palais-Royal à Paris, les châteaux de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Versailles et Fontainebleau. En l’absence d’un véritable théâtre conçu pour les besoins techniques de l’opéra, qui ne verra le jour à Versailles qu’en 1770 pour le mariage du futur Louis XVI, ces espaces sont aménagés et utilisés de façons différentes, accueillant des opéras donnés en version uniquement chantée, ou semi-scénique avec costumes, ou encore avec décors et machines. La réflexion s’étend aussi à la question des genres de prédilection et des interprètes, afin de comprendre davantage la spécificité du répertoire joué à la cour. L’ensemble de ces éléments permet ainsi de dégager une perspective sur les pratiques curiales de production et de réception de l’opéra
Cavitation sous choc et interaction fluide-structure
No full textInternational audienceCavitation sous choc et interaction fluide-structur
: Proposal for guidelines on responsible use of GenAI for students' academic work
No full textInternational audienceThe massive use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) by students raises questions for teachers about the teaching content, the required outputs, and the evaluation and criteria for assessment. This paper presents a best practice guide delivered to students of an IAE this year to support them in their GenAI use, particularly for writing their dissertation. The guide sets out the expectations for academic work, explains how GenAI can be used in a dissertation and the issues that require attention. It also defines rules of transparency to ensure that student use is in line with teachers’ expectations. The primary goal of this guide is not to restrain GenAI use, but to explain their use as part of a pedagogical approach and to restore trust between student and teacher in the assessment of academic work. This proposal is intended to support the sharing of best practices and debate within the Pedagogy and Mediation track of the conference.L’usage massif des intelligences artificielles génératives (IAG) par les étudiants questionnent les enseignants que nous sommes sur le contenu de nos enseignements, les livrables demandés et les méthodes et critères d’évaluation. Cette communication présente un guide de bonnes pratiques diffusé cette année aux étudiants d'un IAE, afin de les accompagner dans leurs usages des IAG, notamment dans la réalisation de leur mémoire. Ce guide a été élaboré selon le processus méthodologique de Design Science proposé par Peffers et al. (2008). Il rappelle les attendus d’un travail académique, explicite les différents usages possibles des IAG dans le cadre d’un mémoire et leurs points de vigilance, définit des règles de transparence pour rendre conforme cet usage aux attendus. La vocation première de ce guide n’est pas de limiter l’usage des IAG, mais d’expliquer ces usages dans une démarche pédagogique et de réinstaurer une confiance entre étudiant et enseignant dans le cadre de l’évaluation des travaux académiques. Cette proposition se veut un support d’échange de bonnes pratiques et de discussion au sein du track “Pédagogie et médiation” de la conférence
Genetic reinstatement of RIG-I in chickens reveals insights into avian immune evolution and influenza interaction
No full textInternational audienceRetinoic acid-inducible gene I ( RIG-I ) activates mitochondrial antiviral signaling proteins, initiating the antiviral response. RIG-I and RNF135 , a ubiquitin ligase regulator, are missing in domestic chickens but conserved in mallard ducks. The chickens’ RIG-I loss was long believed to be linked to increased avian influenza susceptibility. We reinstated both genes in chickens and examined their susceptibility to infection with an H7N1 avian influenza virus. Uninfected RIG-I -expressing chickens exhibited shifts in T and B cells. At the same time, the H7N1 infection led to severe disease, persistent weight loss, and increased viral replication. The simultaneous expression of RIG-I and RNF135 potentiated the RIG- I activity and was associated with exacerbated inflammatory response and increased mortality without influencing virus replication. Additional animal infection experiments with two other avian influenza viruses validated these findings. They confirmed that the harmful effects triggered by RIG-I or RIG-I - RNF135 -expression require a minimum degree of viral virulence. Our data indicate that the loss of RIG-I in chickens has likely evolved to counteract deleterious inflammation caused by viral infection and highlight an outcome of restoring evolutionary lost genes in birds
How important is information about grandparents when selecting a dialect speaker?
No full textInternational audienceThis paper aims at setting a new criterion for selecting a local dialect speaker byinquiring about the origin of their parents, which accommodates to the reality inlarge cities. In Japanese dialectology, it is widely accepted that a dialect speakershould ideally be haenuki (‘native-born’), i.e. a person from a family who has livedin the survey area for three generations. However, this criterion has been usedhitherto without checking the assumptions that it is both justified and useful. After reexamining the data collected from three families by the National LanguageResearch Institute (1965) and conducting one survey, I conclude that the haenukicriterion is impractical, and not fully justified and that the most important criterionwhen selecting a representative speaker of a dialect should be having both parentsnative born
Stop treating code like an afterthought: record, share and value it: Scientists, research institutions, funders, libraries and publishers must all improve software practices
No full textInternational audienceFrom short scripts to vast simulations of Earth's climate, protein structures or even the cosmos, it is hard to imagine scientific research without software. Scientists use software code in myriad ways -to plan experiments; to record, organize, analyse, visualize and archive data; to control scientific instruments, and more. But software evolves. Most open-source software used in research is refined both iteratively and collectively, and has no published 'version of record'. Updates can target various versions and releases, meaning that each aspect of the software -the project as a whole, a specific version or a single file -can require a different way to refer to it. This creates confusion. And so software comes with a double bind: like data, it supports the findings of a study and should be preserved and published. Yet it should also remain available and supported, and possibly be improved, over time. Scholars, librarians, research institutions and funding agencies are wrestling with how to reconcile these two requirements
Bio-inspired eutectic solvents: composition, properties and cosmetic use
No full textInternational audienceInnovative bioinspired solvents named MINAC, LTTM or NADES, appeared in the scientific literature now 20 years ago. These natural solvents are formed by combining two or more natural compounds, such as organic acids, sugars, or amino acids, interacting through weak bonds (like hydrogen bonding) to create stable, biodegradable, and often biocompatible solvents. In the cosmetic field, this new class of solvents is gaining attention as a sustainable alternative to certain controversial organic solvents, offering a more environmentally friendly and potentially more skin-compatible option. They enable the extraction and solubilization of delicate natural actives (such as antioxidants, vitamins, and polyphenols) while preserving their integrity and biological activity. Additionally, their ability to penetrate the skin’s superficial layers makes them promising vectors for delivering active ingredients more effectively. Overall, these solvents contribute to developing more sustainable and potentially more efficient cosmetic products, aligning with consumer demand for more natural and eco-friendly products. This workshop will present these new solvents, their potential as cosmetic ingredients, but also the currents limitations and PI aspects
"Formalisme de l'acte de procédure : rejet de l'article L. 212-1 du Code des relations entre le public et l'administration"
No full textInternational audienc
Le sens ou la preuve ? D’une conception de la pratique à une épistémologie des pédagogies alternatives
No full textInternational audienceThe contributors to this issue of REE magazine were invited to give an account of their research on alternative pedagogies. This synthesis attempts to identify the common features of these texts in epistemological and methodological terms, as well as in terms of the type of knowledge produced. This overview leads us to emphasize the following idea: it is a certain conception of pedagogical practice, as a complex, situated activity, and one determined by the commitment of the people involved, that shape research. This is how one can understand the preference given to comprehensive and interpretive approaches, and the attention paid by researchers to the words and experience of teachers and students. These options, which do not exclude explanatory strategies from research that can claim the relevance of mixed methods, give a central value to the category of meaning, thereby refusing to confine educational research to the simple function of producing “evidence” of the effectiveness of practices.Nous avons invité les contributeurs de ce numéro de la revue REE à rendre compte de leurs travaux de recherche sur les pédagogiques « différentes ». Cet article de synthèse tente de dégager les traits communs de ces textes en termes épistémologiques et méthodologiques, mais aussi de type de connaissances produites. Cette lecture nous amène à souligner l'idée suivante : c'est une certaine conception de la pratique pédagogique, comme activité complexe, située, et déterminée par l'investissement des acteurs, qui sous-tend les contours de la recherche. C'est ainsi qu'il faut comprendre le privilège accordé aux approches compréhensives et interprétatives, et l'attention portée par les chercheurs à la parole et à l'expérience des acteurs. Ces options, qui n’excluent pas les approches explicatives de recherches qui peuvent revendiquer la pertinence de méthodes mixtes, accordent ainsi une valeur centrale à la catégorie du sens, refusant de limiter la recherche en éducation à une simple fonction de production de « preuves » d’efficacité des pratiques
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS, SPUTUM VERSUS NASOPHARYNGEAL SAMPLES
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Respiratory viral infections in people with Cystic Fibrosis (pwCF) significantly impact disease progression, and their molecular diagnosis should be part of the recommendations. Sputum, the routinely used specimen for bacterial culture, could also be used for viral molecular diagnosis, avoiding an additional invasive nasopharyngeal swab or aspirate. Our primary objective was to evaluate whether invasive nasopharyngeal samples (NP) and non-invasive sputum specimens are equally accurate for the diagnosis of viral infections in pwCF.Methods: We conducted a prospective and multicentre study in 11 French CF centres. A total of 111 pwCF (children or adults, all able to expectorate) presenting with acute respiratory symptoms were included. Each provided paired NP and sputum, which were analysed using multiplex PCR panels detecting a broad spectrum of respiratory viruses, in addition to standard clinical evaluation and microbiological findings.Results: Among 111 paired samples, 69 NP and 64 sputa tested positive for ≥1 virus, with 94 pairs yielding concordant results (58 both positive, 36 both negative). Overall NP-sputum agreement was substantial (Cohen's κ = 0.68 [0.60; 0.75]), and even higher for the most prevalent viruses (enterovirus/rhinovirus, κ = 0.74 [0.65; 0.80] and influenza viruses, κ = 0.95 [0.87; 0.97]). The detection of a virus in one or both specimens was independent of the presence of a bacterial pathogen in sputum culture.Conclusion: These results confirmed the suitability of sputum sampling as an alternative to NP sampling for the diagnosis of viral respiratory infection in pwCF, ensuring patients' comfort