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Picosecond anisotropic phase separation governing photoinduced phase stability in submicron Ti3O5 crystals
No full textInternational audienceRecently developed ceramic material Ti3O5 exhibits fascinating application properties, from ultrafast switching between metallic and insulating phases to light-to-heat conversion and storage. While the states conferring such properties are not spatially homogeneous, the origin of phase separation and the link between the phase coexistence and dynamics, key for stability of such states, is still little known. In this work, we use time-resolved X-ray diffraction and numerical simulations to establish rules by which the dynamics of heat-driven transition in laser excited Ti3O5 crystallites occur in space and time. The studies are conducted on submicron Ti3O5 crystallites and span a broad timescale allowing separation of phase change regimes. Our results reveal the influence of nanoscopic morphology on the mechanism of macroscopic transformation triggered by laser excitation
Exact Algorithm for coupling maintenance-production: a bilevel approach
No full textInternational audienceThe Industry of Future or 4.0 (I4.0) is an emerging industry based on technologies such as interconnected objects, particularly cyber-physical systems (CPS). The manufacturing system is composed of multiple CPS that interact with each other. However, these CPS act individually, making decisions in their own interests. Our work on production planning focuses on the coupling of a centralized system (manufacturing system) and decentralized systems (CPS), enables the integration of maintenance issues in the decision-making process. The interactions between coupled maintenance-production, can be modeled as bilevel scheduling problems. To our knowledge, this recent class of scheduling problems is extremely difficult to solve, and the literature is relatively limited. We established that the scheduling problem is NP-hard. Furthermore, we propose exact algorithms using a moderately exponential time complexity algorithm, mathematical models, and branch-and-bound algorithm, as well as a column generation approach used to establish lower bounds for the problem. Our future work will also consider approximate methods for solving this problem.L’Industrie du Futur ou 4.0 (I4.0) est une nouvelle industrie émergente qui se base sur des technologies telles que des objets interconnectés, notamment des systèmes cyber-physique (CPS). Nous considérons un système de production composé de plusieurs CPS, qui interagissent entre eux. Cependant, ces CPS agissent individuellement en prenant des décisions dans leur propre intérêt. Nos travaux, portant sur la planification de la production, considèrent le couplage d’un système centralisé (système de production) et de systèmes décentralisés (CPS), permettant la prise en compte des enjeux de maintenance dans le processus de décision. Pour appréhender de façon pertinente les interactions du couplage maintenance-production, il est nécessaire de les modéliser comme des problèmes d’ordonnancement biniveau. Il s’agit d’une récente classe de problèmes d’ordonnancement extrêmement difficiles à résoudre qui, à notre connaissance, est très peu étudiée dans la littérature. Nous avons établi que le problème d’ordonnancement que nous étudions est NP dur. Par ailleurs, nous proposons des méthodes de résolution exacte incluant un algorithme modérément exponentiel, un modèle mathématique et un algorithme de Branch and Bound utilisant une génération de colonne comme borne inférieure. Nos futurs travaux considèreront également des méthodes approchées pour résoudre ce problème
Overcoming Bioproduction Locks for Neospora caninum in Immuno-Oncology
No full textInternational audienceThe intracellular protozoan Neospora caninum is emerging as a promising candidate for innovative cancer therapies, thanks to its intrinsic activity and potential as a vector for delivering therapeutic biomolecules (Battistoni et al. 2023 ; Lantier et al. 2020 ; Rivière et al. 2025). However, the development of a robust and scalable bioproduction process for this eukaryotic microorganism presents major technical challenges.While some parallels can be drawn with existing processes used for oncolytic viruses—such as the reliance on permissive host cell lines and controlled infection strategies—the biological complexity of N. caninum introduces additional constraints. Unlike viruses, N. caninum exhibits an active metabolism and engages dynamic host–protozoan interactions which require finely tuned control of cell culture parameters and infection kinetics.This poster outlines the key technological locks encountered in the early development stages of an in vitro production process for N. caninum. We specifically address critical aspects such as host cell selection, synchronization of the infectious cycle, protozoan yield control, and the challenges related to standardization and scale-up.Beyond these technical hurdles, our work highlights the need for hybrid, cross-disciplinary approaches to develop new production platforms involving complex living systems. Such platforms are particularly relevant for next-generation immuno-oncology strategies as well as infectious vaccine, at the crossroads between viral, microbial, and cellular therapeutics.In parallel, we have also explored the regulatory categorization of N. caninum as a biopharmaceutical product (Guerriaud et al. 2024), and the development of an industrial production process will help refine and support this categorization.Références bibliographiques :Battistoni A, et al. Nasal administration of recombinant Neospora caninum secreting IL-15/IL-15Rα inhibits metastatic melanoma development in lung. J Immunother Cancer. 2023Lantier L, et al. Neospora caninum: a new class of biopharmaceuticals in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer. J Immunother Cancer. 2020Guerriaud M, et al Are genetically modified protozoa eligible for ATMP status? Concerning the legal categorization of an oncolytic protozoan drug candidate. Gene Ther. 2024 Rivière C, et al. Neospora Caninum as Delivery Vehicle for Anti-PD-L1 scFv-Fc: A Novel Approach for Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecular Therapy Oncology 33, 202
Does health literacy mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and navigation in the healthcare system? The French national Health Literacy Survey (HLS19)
No full textInternational audienceNavigational health literacy (HL), a specific form of HL, refers specifically to the skills required to navigate effectively healthcare systems, access services and make informed healthcare decisions. While general and navigational HL are related and share common predictive factors, little is known about whether socioeconomic factors have a residual, specific effect on the ability to navigate the healthcare system after accounting for general HL.The aim of this study was to investigate the socioeconomic and chronic conditions variables associated with the ability to navigate the healthcare system in the French population, controlling for the mediating role of general HL
Reporting of concomitant and rescue topical therapies in atopic dermatitis randomised controlled trials evaluating a systemic treatment: a scoping review
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating new systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) have increased dramatically over the last decade. These trials often incorporate topical therapies either as permitted concomitant or rescue treatments. Differential use of these topicals postrandomization introduces potential bias as they may nullify or exaggerate treatment responses. Objectives To determine the proportion of RCTs that clearly report the allowance or prohibition of concomitant and rescue topical treatments; and to examine the reporting of specific key parameters for these topicals. Methods We included RCTs of systemic AD medication included in a recent living systematic review. Inclusion criteria were published RCTs evaluating systemic immunomodulatory treatments in AD. Only anti-inflammatory topical therapies were included treatments in this review; emollients were not considered. Results We screened 83 AD trials and included 67 RCTs published between 1991 and 2023. The majority adequately reported the allowance or prohibition of concomitant topical treatments (n = 64/67; 96%), but this clarity was less prevalent with regard to rescue topicals (n = 49/67; 73%). All trials that permitted concomitant treatments consistently reported the type, although details on potency (n = 31/35; 89%), duration (n = 19/35; 54%), application frequency (n = 12/35; 34%) and quantity (n = 2/35; 6%) were less frequently reported. Similarly, trials that allowed rescue treatments often specified the type (n = 31/34; 91%) but provided limited information on potency (n = 18/34; 53%), duration (n = 3/34; 9%), application frequency (n = 2/34; 6%) and quantity (n = 0/34; 0%). Notably, only 24% (n = 8/34) clearly reported the criteria for using rescue topical treatments, with the phrase ‘at investigator’s discretion’ used in most cases (n = 21/34; 62%). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis including impact factor, the journal’s policy on adhering to CONSORT guidelines, publication year, funding, number of patients randomized and blinding status, only publication year (≥ 2020) was associated with having better reporting for rescue topical treatments (adjusted odds ratio 9.55, 95% confidence interval 1.76–39.80). Conclusions While most clinical trials of systemic treatments in AD report concomitant topical treatments, reporting practices for rescue topicals are less consistent and inadequate. A standardized approach to reporting topical treatment in AD trials is needed to enhance transparency and interpretability
L'empreinte du corps en mémoire épisodique : le rôle du répertoire moteur dans l'observation d'actions chez les adultes jeunes et âgés
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Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Generalized Lotka-Volterra models: towards parameter estimation in microbial communities
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Mitochondrial genes and antioxidant mechanisms in the duodenum relate to feed efficiency in slow-growing chickens
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes, oxidative stress, and antioxidant responses in the duodenum, involved in differential residual feed intake (RFI), an indicator of feed efficiency. The study was conducted on two groups of 15 male slow-growing Korat chickens (KRC), the low RFI (LRFI) group and the high RFI (HRFI) group, with mean values of -197.8 ± 12.1 g and 200.8 ± 15.1 g, respectively. The results indicated that differences in RFI did not negatively affect growth performance (P>0.05). The LRFI group had a significantly lower feed intake than the HRFI group (P<0.05). Expression profiles of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes showed that COX1, COX2, COX3, CYTB, ND2, ND5, ATP6, and ATP8 were upregulated in HRFI chickens (P<0.05), indicating a higher mitochondrial activity related to cellular respiration for energy production. This was consistent with the higher oxidative stress indicated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production observed in HRFI chickens. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activities in HRFI were significantly higher than those in LRFI, suggesting that HRFI birds have the capacity to cope with elevated levels of ROS. Principal component analysis (PCA), which integrated phenotypic characterization, mitochondrial oxidative status, and gene expression levels, revealed a clear separation between LRFI and HRFI chickens, with PC-1 explaining 47% of the variance. Mitochondrial OXPHOS genes and oxidative stress-related traits clustered toward the HRFI group, indicating a positive correlation between reduced feed efficiency, oxidative metabolism to produce energy, and elevated oxidative stress. This study demonstrates that differences in feed efficiency in KRC were associated with differences in mitochondrial function related to cellular respiration and antioxidant enzyme mechanisms, which eliminate ROS produced during cellular respiration. The findings suggested that HRFI chickens had greater energy demands compared to LRFI chickens
