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Comportement préventif des patients atteints de cancer en France et son évolution durant la pandémie de COVID-19
No full textInternational audienceIn the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, adopting preventive behavior could be defined as complying with recommendations issued by public health authorities. The aim of this study was to investigate heterogeneity of preventive behavior changes over time among cancer patients (CPs) during outbreak.Methods: The PAPESCO-19 study is a multicenter prospective cohort including 893 CPs from French comprehensive cancer centers (June 2020- June 2021). During the one-year follow-up, CPs completed questionnaires on socio-demographics, lifestyle and COVID-19-related history. Biological and clinical data were collected from medical records. We used the R package lcmm to determine the different classes of preventive behavior trajectories in CPs.Results: Between June 2020 and April 2022, over two-thirds of CPs reported wearing a mask during all outings. Only one class of preventive behavior was identified. Female CPs, those on sick leave, CPs unable to work due to health reasons and those spending most of the day at home, showed more preventive behavior. CPs with two or more children were less likely to adopt preventive behavior.Conclusions: No patient clinical characteristics were associated with preventive behavior.IntroductionLors de l’épidémie de COVID-19, les Français ont été fortement incités à appliquer des gestes barrières et des mesures de prévention individuelles afin d'endiguer la propagation du virus. Dans ce contexte, l'adoption d'un comportement préventif peut être définie comme le respect de ces mesures, et varie selon le profil socio-démographique et les conditions de vie selon l'enquête nationale CoviPrev. Bien qu'alors considérés comme des personnes à risque de développer des formes graves de COVID-19, on peut s'attendre également à des comportements préventifs variés chez les patients atteints de cancer. L'objectif de cette étude est d’étudier le comportement préventif des patients atteints de cancer, ainsi que son évolution pendant l’épidémie.MéthodesL’étude PAPESCO-19 est une cohorte prospective multicentrique ayant inclus 893 patients atteints de cancer de quatre centres de Lutte contre le cancer français (Angers, Clermont-Ferrand, Nancy et Nantes) entre juin 2020 et juin 2021. Les participants répondaient à des questionnaires tous les trois mois pendant une année. Afin de modéliser l'hétérogénéité des profils de comportement préventif et de tracer les trajectoires de ces profils, nous avons utilisé le package R lcmm.RésultatsUn seul profil de comportement préventif a été identifié chez ces patients. De plus, les femmes et les patients en arrêt maladie ou ne travaillant pas pour des raisons de santé, et les patients restant au domicile la plupart de la journée, avaient tendance à plus respecter les mesures barrière, tandis que les patients ayant deux enfants ou plus étaient moins enclin à adopter un comportement préventif.ConclusionNos résultats montrent que la population de patients atteints de cancer est une population homogène, suggérant qu’être traité pour un cancer pourrait encourager les gens à adopter un comportement préventif en matière de santé. Cependant, aucune caractéristique clinique du patient n'était associée au comportement préventif
Da luta contra a expansão urbana descontrolada à proteção qualitativa dos solos
No full textInternational audienceIn France, the Climate and Resilience Law of 22 August 2021 limits the consumption of agricultural, natural and forest areas through the Zero Net Artificialisation target, which requires urban planning documents to ensure that there is no artificialisation of land by 2050: any artificialisation must be offset by the renaturation of an equivalent area. It also introduces the ecological functions of soil into the legal definition of artificialisation and imposes a coefficient of non-impermeable or eco-friendly areas for construction projects. While these developments are in line with the integration of sustainable development into French urban planning law and the draft European directive of 5 July 2023, which sets the objective of ensuring that all European soils are in good health by 2050, they remain insufficient. A limitation on land artificialisation is prescribed, as provided for in the draft directive, by imposing quantitative soil protection, but the tools provided remain largely insufficient, particularly at the national level in terms of soil health assessment and sustainable soil management.En France, la loi Climat et Résilience du 22 août 2021 limite la consommation des espaces agricoles, naturels et forestiers par l’objectif Zéro Artificialisation Nette qui impose à l’horizon 2050 dans les documents de planification urbaine une absence totale d’artificialisation des sols : toute artificialisation devra être compensée par la renaturation d’une surface équivalente. Elle introduit également en droit les fonctions écologiques des sols dans la définition de l’artificialisation et impose un coefficient de surfaces non imperméabilisées ou écoaménageables pour les projets de constructions. Si ces évolutions s’inscrivent dans la voie ouverte par l’intégration du développement durable dans le droit de l’urbanisme en droit français et par le projet de directive européenne du 5 juillet 2023 qui pose comme objectif que tous les sols européens soient en bonne santé d’ici 2050, elles restent insuffisantes. Une limitation à l’artificialisation des terres est prescrite, comme le prévoit le projet de directive, en imposant une protection quantitative des sols, mais les outils prévus restent très largement insuffisants, particulièrement au niveau national en matière d’évaluation de la santé des sols et de la gestion durable des sols.Em França, a Lei do Clima e Resiliência de 22 de agosto de 2021 limita o consumo de espaços agrícolas, naturais e florestais através do objetivo Zero Artificialização Líquida, que impõe, até 2050, nos documentos de planeamento urbano, uma ausência total de artificialização dos solos: toda a artificialização deverá ser compensada pela renaturalização de uma superfície equivalente. Ela também introduz na lei as funções ecológicas dos solos na definição de artificialização e impõe um coeficiente de áreas não impermeabilizadas ou ecologicamente sustentáveis para projetos de construção. Embora estas evoluções se inscrevam na via aberta pela integração do desenvolvimento sustentável no direito urbanístico francês e pelo projeto de diretiva europeia de 5 de julho de 2023, que estabelece como objetivo que todos os solos europeus estejam em bom estado até 2050, elas continuam a ser insuficientes. É prescrita uma limitação à artificialização dos terrenos, tal como previsto no projeto de diretiva, impondo uma proteção quantitativa dos solos, mas os instrumentos previstos continuam a ser largamente insuficientes, particularmente a nível nacional em matéria de avaliação da saúde dos solos e da gestão sustentável dos solos
Advanced theory of mind predicts adolescents’ evaluation of source benevolence while reading
No full textInternational audienceSourcing skills support online readers' assessment of relevance by establishing the credibility of a message. But many adolescents struggle to efficiently engage in the critical evaluation of the information they read online. This study investigated the relationship between adolescents' Advanced Theory of Mind (AToM), their executive and verbal skills, and their abilities to assess specific dimensions of source reliability (i.e‥, source expertise, benevolence, and level of editorial control). Seventy-six French eighth graders completed tasks assessing their AToM, lexical quality, Working Memory (WM) updating, and sourcing abilities. The data showed a statistically significant relation between AToM and source benevolence assessment, after controlling for WM and lexical quality, suggesting that AToM plays a role in inferring the intentions of sources. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between AToM and other source attributes such as expertise or editorial control. Additionally, no association was observed between WM and AToM or sourcing. These findings highlight the importance of considering AToM in understanding adolescents' sourcing abilities and suggest the need for specific perspective-taking training to support their critical reading
Outil d'accompagnement à la gestion des corpus en sciences du langage : questions éthiques et cadre juridique
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Effects of Aging on Pain Tolerance: A Comparative Study of Heat Pain Thresholds and Tonic Heat and Cold Stimuli
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Aging is known to impact both pain perception and modulation. While sensory thresholds have been extensively studied, age‐related changes in pain tolerance remain less conclusive. Additionally, limited research has explored whether thermal modality differentially affects pain tolerance in older adults. This study aimed to examine modality‐specific effects of aging on pain tolerance using three experimental paradigms: thermal pain tolerance thresholds, and tolerance to tonic heat and cold stimulation.Methods: Forty‐two healthy participants were recruited. Heat pain tolerance thresholds were assessed using a contact thermode. Tonic pain tolerance was measured by exposing the hand to heat or cold air for up to 10 min in a hermetically sealed box. Outcome measures included tolerance duration, pain onset latency, and subjective pain ratings.Results: No significant age‐related differences were observed in heat pain tolerance thresholds. However, older adults exhibited significantly reduced tolerance to prolonged heat stimulation, with shorter tolerance durations and higher pain ratings. In contrast, pain responses in the cold condition did not differ between age groups. Conclusion: Aging appears to selectively reduce tolerance to sustained heat stimulation, whereas tolerance to cold and brief stimuli is relatively preserved. This supports the existence of modality‐specific changes in pain processing across the lifespan. Significance These results underscore the importance of stimulation characteristics in evaluating pain tolerance across the lifespan. The study highlights an underexplored heat‐specific vulnerability in older adults, offering insights for refining experimental pain models, improving age‐sensitive assessments, and encouraging further research into physiological mechanisms underlying altered pain processing in aging
Etiologic Diagnosis of Neuropathies Based on First‐Line Screening of TTR Gene Mutations
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Background Hereditary amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) is caused by TTR gene mutations, which lead to multisystem amyloid deposits. A misdiagnosis is common, which delays treatment. We assessed the prevalence of TTR mutations in patients with neuropathy of unknown cause at the first stage of assessment. Methods This prospective study, conducted in western France, assessed patients with neuropathy aged 18–90 years. We excluded individuals with known causes or prior screening of TTR mutations. Genetic analyses of TTR mutations were done using Sanger sequencing. Clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological data were collected. Statistical analyses estimated the prevalence of TTR amyloidosis in this cohort. Results Among 400 patients, four (1%) were identified as having a heterozygous TTR mutation. The mean age of these patients with a TTR mutation was 75 years, with a mean duration of neuropathy of 2.5 years. The initial symptoms varied, with one patient experiencing mixed sensory impairment, another with motor and sensory issues, one with purely motor symptoms, and one with small‐fiber sensory impairment. Notably, none had cardiological or renal impairments, and all exhibited sensorimotor neuropathy upon electromyography. Three patients had an axonal profile, and one showed demyelinating neuropathy, which highlighted the diagnostic challenges. Interpretation We identified a 1% prevalence of TTR mutations, which is lower than that reported previously, and highlights the influence of selective inclusion criteria on such estimates. Our data emphasize the need for early detection because patients frequently lack red‐flag symptoms. Ultimately, early screening allows for prompt management and minimizes long‐term complications in individuals with unexplained neuropathy. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT03190577
Would you board a plane if the pilot had never trained on a flight simulator?
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Vers une meilleure gestion de la douleur des mammifères et poissons destinés à la consommation humaine – Partie 2 : Prise en charge
No full textInternational audienceAprès un premier article consacré à la douleur chez les animaux de production, cet article propose de dresser un état des lieux des connaissances scientifiques sur la gestion de la douleur chez les animaux de production destinés à la consommation humaine, à la fois chez les mammifères et les poissons. Le soulagement de la douleur repose notamment sur sa prise en charge pharmacologique. Quatre familles de molécules sont ou pourraient être mobilisables pour une analgésie multimodale : les anesthésiques locaux, les α2-agonistes, les anti-inflammatoires et les opioïdes. En complément, la douleur peut être gérée par une approche dite éthologique, qui repose sur les facteurs émotionnels et attentionnels, ou sur l’entraînement des animaux
What is a resource for the people of Western Sahara? A historical synthesis of a socio-territorial issue
No full textInternational audienceThis article reviews the concept of a resource and its application to the case of Western Sahara, exploring the historical understanding of a resource for the nomadic populations of Western Sahara. Furthermore, it examines the diachronic evolution of this concept in light of the colonial presence and proposes a focus on Spanish colonial discourse and propaganda regarding the Sahara’s resources. The article concludes with an analysis of how the political awareness of the Sahrawi people is reflected in the claims for self-determination formulated by the Polisario Front since its foundation
