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Ethnonutritional and Medicinal Plant Knowledge and Practices for Postpartum Maternal Healthcare in Yoto Prefecture, Togo: An Ethnopharmacological Study
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: The postpartum period is a critical phase for maternal health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Togo, modern healthcare coexists with deeply rooted, yet largely undocumented, endogenous knowledge systems for postpartum care. This ethnopharmacological and ethnonutritional heritage, vital for restoring maternal vitality, faces erosion and lacks integration with biomedicine, posing potential safety risks. This study aimed to systematically document, analyze, and evaluate the traditional knowledge governing postpartum healthcare in the Yoto prefecture of Togo. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed-methods ethnopharmacological study was conducted from July to September 2024. Semi-structured interviews were administered to 305 informants (traditional healers, birth attendants, mothers, and elders) selected via purposive and snowball sampling. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic content analysis to understand local etiologies and quantitative ethnobotanical indices (Use Value, UV; Informant Consensus Factor, ICF) to assess knowledge consensus. A literature review was performed to assess the pharmacological plausibility and toxicological risks of key species. Results: The local postpartum care model is a coherent system based on the perceived vulnerability of the new mother, focusing on healing an internal wound (88.9%), "restoring blood" (83.6%), and "warming the body" (84.6%). We documented over 21 plant taxa, with leaves (76.5%) and decoctions (63.5%) being the most frequent preparations. An exceptionally high ICF (0.99) was found for all three main therapeutic categories (uterine cleansing, anti-anemic, and wound healing), indicating a highly robust, shared knowledge system. Key species identified by high Use Value included Tetrapleura tetraptera (UV=0.87), Moringa oleifera (UV=0.83), and Alstonia boonei (UV=0.76). A state of medical pluralism was confirmed: 89.8% of women use modern health facilities, yet only 14% discuss their traditional remedy use with providers. Conclusion: The traditional postpartum knowledge in Yoto is a sophisticated system with high pharmacological plausibility for many practices. However, this study identifies significant public health risks, notably the use of potentially hepatotoxic plants (A. boonei) and the intensive use of antiplatelet-rich spices (e.g., Zingiber officinale) that may exacerbate postpartum hemorrhage. The profound communication gap between traditional and modern systems creates a dangerous blind spot. Urgent pharmacological validation and culturally competent communication strategies are required to integrate these systems safely and effectively
Singularities and asymptotics of solutions of the Chandrasekhar-Hamilton-Jacobi equation
No full textWe study the local properties of positive solutions of the equation -∆u + m |∇u|^q -e u = 0 in a punctured domain Ω \ {0} of R^N , N ≥ 2, where m is a positive parameter and q> 1. We study particularly the existence of solutions with an isolated singularity and the local behaviour of such singular solutions
Cinématique vs. cinétique : faut-il les dissocier pour optimiser l’apprentissage moteur ?
No full textInternational audienc
The impact of monetary surprises on exchange rates: Results from textual and high-frequency analysis
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate the immediate impact of monetary policy surprises on exchange rates by using a text indicator to detect them. A textual analysis method is applied to 746 business press articles. A database of monetary policy decisions is thus created. This database contains 510 decisions communicated between 2018 and 2023 for 11 countries with floating exchange rates and includes 78 surprises. To identify a causal effect, the impact of surprises on exchange rates is captured the minute the decision is communicated. This is done using high-frequency data. The amplitudes of exchange rate variations for surprises are compared with decisions qualified as “expected”. The results show that, compared to expected decisions, monetary surprises increase the amplitudes of minute-to-minute variations at the communication time by 0.19 percentage point (p.p.) up to 0.39p.p. In order of magnitude, the amplitudes of minute-to-minute variations for monetary surprises are 100 to 1,000 times greater than the median ones calculated over a year for the currencies in the database. Due to demand effects, appreciation and depreciation of currencies are immediate in the currency market following macroeconomic announcements
La mangeoire électronique Bird-e : un outil pour la réduction en expérimentation avicole
No full textNational audienceLes recherches sur l’alimentation des volailles, historiquement basées sur l’usage intensif d’animaux expérimentaux et de protocoles contraignants, ont dû évoluer pour répondre aux exigences éthiques et sociétales actuelles. Dans une logique de réduction et de raffinement de l’expérimentation animale, un dispositif innovant a été développé par INRAE afin de concilier précision expérimentale et limitation du nombre d’animaux requis tout en se rapprochant des conditions d’élevage
Self-esteem in adolescents: Mediator of the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and affective dependence
No full textInternational audienceHigh Sensory Processing Sensitivity (HSPS) (Aron & Aron, 1997) is an innate personality trait that affects approximately 30% of the population (Lionetti et al., 2018). It is characterized by more intense, complex and rapid cognitive processing of stimuli and heightened emotional reactivity than their peers (Gere et al., 2009). Highly sensitive adolescents are more reactive to stressful events (Burgard et al., 2022) and report lower socio-emotional well-being when faced with negative life events (Iimura, 2021). HSPS negatively predicts well-being, which is positively predicted by self-esteem (Orth & Robins, 2014). Self-esteem varies throughout an individual’s life according to their positive or negative life experiences. In addition, individuals who are sensitive to sensory stimuli in general may be dependent in their peer relationships (Jerome & Liss, 2005). This study aims to investigate the influence of HSPS on self-esteem and affective dependence in adolescents, a critical developmental period characterized by significant physical, psychological, emotional and social changes. Our main hypotheses were (1) HSPS will negatively influence self-esteem and positively influence affective dependence; and (2) self-esteem will mediate the relationship between HSPS and affective dependence. The sample (n=100) consisted of 53% females and 47% males aged between 15 and 20 years. The mean age was 16.16 years old (SD=1.22) and 16% are in middle school and 87% in high school. They anonymously completed an online questionnaire assessing high sensory processing sensitivity (HSPS-FR), self-esteem (RSE) and affective dependence (ADS-9). Correlations, linear regressions and a mediation analysis were performed using JASP (version 0.19.3). Results showed that HSPS negatively influenced self-esteem (p<.001) and positively influenced affective dependence (p<.001). Self-esteem negatively influenced affective dependence (p<.001). The mediation analysis revealed the mediating role of self-esteem between HSPS and affective dependence, explaining the negative influence of HSPS. HSPS appears to be a vulnerability factor in the development of both self-esteem (Liss et al., 2005) and affective dependence (Jerome & Liss, 2005). However, self-esteem was a protective factor against affective dependence. Therefore, it would be interesting to investigate how highly sensitive people could increase their self-esteem. Limitations of the study (such as sample size and appropriateness of instruments for adolescents) are discussed. Suggestions and avenues for future research are also suggested
Focalisation sub-longueur d’onde des ondes élastiques de volume dans la gamme du MHz
No full textEffets d'interfaces; GAPSUS - Acoustique Physique, Sous-Marine et Ultra-SonoreNational audienceLa transmission extraordinaire, en lien étroit avec les recherches sur la propagation des ondes dans les méta-matériaux, mérite une attention particulière. Ce phénomène offre la possibilité de concentrer davantage d'énergie que celle attendue par les seules considérations géométriques dans des régions sub-longueur d'onde. L’objectif de cette étude est de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre un système de transmission acoustique extraordinaire (EAT) opérant dans la gamme du MHz, en combinant des approches expérimentales et numériques par la méthode des éléments finis (FEM). L’architecture en aluminium se base sur l’association d’un résonateur de Fabry-Pérot et de rainures concentriques gravées sur la surface d’entrée du signal permettant de convertir les ondes longitudinales en ondes acoustiques de surface focalisées vers le résonateur de Fabry-Pérot. La première partie de l’étude propose, à l’aide de simulations par éléments finis, de dimensionner et d’optimiser la transmission de l’énergie à travers le système pour un transducteur émetteur de fréquence centrale égale à 500 kHz. L’étude paramétrique montre qu’il est possible d’obtenir 200 fois plus d’énergie que celle attendue par les considérations géométriques à travers un résonateur de diamètre &ₗambda;/12, où &ₗambda; est la longueur d’onde de l’onde longitudinale dans l’aluminium. L’ajout de rainures permet d’augmenter la transmission d’énergie par un facteur de 4 (par rapport un système sans rainure). La seconde partie de l’étude propose de caractériser expérimentalement le système en transmission. La comparaison des signaux temporels transmis révèle un accord global, en amplitude et en temps, entre la simulation et l’expérience. Les résultats expérimentaux permettent de confirmer la possibilité de transmettre l’énergie élastique via le résonateur de diamètre &ₗambda;/12. Ce système vise à développer des prototypes pour des applications de microscopie ou d’imagerie ultrasonore sub-longueur d’onde
Epitaxial growth and process developments for SiC-based CMUTs in harsh environments
No full textInternational audienc
Science in the digital era
No full textThis digital garden contains essays, thoughts, random ideas, and references that relate to the practice of scientific research in the digital era, characterized by computers (personal, high-performance, cloud, . . . ), software, the Internet, global collaborations, social networks, and more
A new bleeding risk score specifically developed for direct oral anticoagulants in a geriatric population
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Although the use of direct oral anticoagulants increases in parallel with the increase in atrial fibrillation (AF) with age, none of the bleeding risk scores (HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, ATRIA nor RE-LY) have been developed in a geriatric population. Our study aimed to develop a bleeding risk score adapted to this specific population and this therapeutic class. Multicentre, longitudinal, prospective, observational, pharmacoepidemiologic study conducted in 60 French cardiologic and geriatric centres included consecutive patients aged ≥80 years with AF, treated with rivaroxaban and followed for at least 1 year. All thromboembolic, bleeding and clinical events, including falls, hospitalisations or deaths, were recorded every 3 months for 1 year. A predictive risk score based on the clinical variables most associated with bleeding events was developed from the total sample, randomly divided into a training sample and a validation sample. Among the 839 patients included (mean age = 86 year old, 62% women), there were 78 (9.3%) major haemorrhagic events. Variables associated with bleeding were age, anaemia, low albuminemia, amiodarone use and low creatinine clearance estimated with Cockcroft formula, grouped together as the A4C score. The A4C score better identifies bleeding risk in subjects ≥80 years than the scores already validated in younger populations, as its area under the curve in the training sample and in the validation sample was 0.73 and 0.66, respectively, whereas it was 0.49/0.55 for the HAS-BLED score, 0.53/0.50 for the HEMORR2HAGES score, 0.58/0.61 for the ATRIA score and 0.57/0.54 for the RE-LY score. A threshold of the A4C score ≥ 2 identifies subjects ≥80 years at high risk of bleeding