HAL Université de Tours
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Ternarization of Vision Language Models for use on edge devices
No full textWe propose a process to compress a pre-trained Vision Language Model into a ternary version of itself instead of training a ternary model from scratch. A new initialization scheme from pre-trained weights based on the k-means algorithm is proposed to reduce the ternarization time. We implement different custom operators for executing the ternary model on the TensorFlow Lite Engine. We compare the original model with its ternary and binary versions in terms of memory consumption, inference speed and perplexity. We find that the ternary model using our custom ternary matrix multiplication operator provides a good compromise in term of memory usage and perplexity, while having the fastest token generation speed
Transgenic mouse models to study follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) function in reproduction
No full textInternational audienceFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) binds to G protein-coupled FSH receptors (FSHR) expressed on ovarian granulosa cells in low abundance. Activation of FSHR leads to granulosa cell proliferation, differentiation and estrogen production. These events are essential for female fertility. FSHR signaling pathway is highly conserved between mice and humans. Inactivating mutations in FSHR-encoding gene in mice (Fshr -/-) or women result in ovarian folliculogenesis arrest and female infertility. High affinity and highly potent human FSHR-specific single-domain antibody fragments (SDAb) will be tested in a humanized mouse model with ovary-targeted expression of human FSHR transgene on a Fshr null genetic background. This model permits evaluation of several reproducitve outcomes and may prove as an essential in vivo genetic tool to study FSHR-mediated signaling in ovarian granulosa cells
Public‐health implications of market drug withdrawals: A focus on antifungals for tinea capitis
No full textInternational audienc
Production des cadres normatifs des politiques de santé en contexte de crise: Analyse critique lexicométrique et trans du cadrage des parcours de transition en France
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Respecting trans people’s right to the highest attainable standard of health, and producing public policy in a context of crisis, are key contemporary global issues. This article examines the production of public policy through a specific analysis of the framing of transition pathways by the Haute Autorité de Santé (French National Authority for Health).Purpose of the study: Drawing on the research frameworks of critical discourse studies and survivor research, the study applies lexicometric methods to the analysis of normative reference frameworks. Specifically, it focuses on the naming and argumentative strategies of both mitigation and intensification.Results: Hierarchical top-down clustering using the ALCESTE method revealed a structure made up of three lexically distinct pairs. A similarity analysis revealed 31.6% of trigrams shared with the report by the Inspection Générale des Affaires Sociales (French General Inspectorate for Social Affairs). The differences and similarities observed appear to be neither random nor based on scientific evidence, and emphasize the psychopathologization of trans people to the detriment of their health needs.Conclusions: Our findings ask questions about health care system governance and, specifically, the production of public policy and norms. The document’s structure suggests it is a product of political arbitration, freed from scientific constraints and designed to impose a psychopathological vision justifying control by the health care system. Critical analysis appears to be an effective approach for analyzing how public institutions operate in the context of crisis.Introduction : Respecter le droit des personnes trans au meilleur état de santé possible et produire des politiques publiques en contexte de crise est un enjeu contemporain mondial. Cet article interroge la production des politiques publiques à travers l’analyse spécifique du cadrage des parcours de transition par la Haute Autorité de Santé en France. But de l’étude : S’appuyant sur les cadres de recherche des Critical Discourse Studies et Survivor Research, l’étude applique des méthodes de lexicométrie outillée pour l’analyse des cadres normatifs de référence. Spécifiquement, elle porte sur les stratégies de nomination et argumentatives de mitigation ou intensification. Résultats : La classification hiérarchique descendante par méthode A.L.C.E.S.T.E. a mis en évidence une structure en trois paires lexicalement distinctes. Une analyse de similitudes a révélé 31,6 % de trigrammes communs avec le rapport de l’Inspection Générale des Affaires Sociales. Les différences et similitudes observées ne semblent ni aléatoires ni reposer sur des éléments scientifiques et majorent la psychopathologisation des personnes trans au détriment des besoins de santé. Conclusions : Nos résultats interrogent la gouvernance des systèmes de santé et notamment la fabrique des normes et politiques publiques. La structure du document évoque le résultat d’un arbitrage politique affranchi des contraintes scientifiques et visant à imposer une vision psychopathologique justifiant un contrôle par le système de santé. L’analyse critique outillée apparaît comme une approche à même d’analyser le fonctionnement des institutions publiques en contexte de crise
L'accès aux origines de l'enfant adopté : réflexions sur le critère de l'équilibre entre les intérêts en présence.
No full textInternational audienc
On the stationary distribution of reflected Brownian motion in a wedge: differential properties
No full textInternational audienceWe consider the classical problem of determining the stationary distribution of the semimartingale reflected Brownian motion (SRBM) in a two-dimensional wedge. Under standard assumptions on the parameters of the model (opening of the wedge, angles of the reflections, drift), we study the algebraic and differential nature of the Laplace transform of this stationary distribution.We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for this Laplace transform to be rational, algebraic, differentially finite or more generally differentially algebraic. These conditions are explicit linear dependencies between the angles of the model. A complicated integral expression for this Laplace transform has recently been obtained by two authors of this paper. In the differentially algebraic case, we provide a simple, explicit integral-free expression in terms of a hypergeometric function. It specializes to earlier expressions in several classical cases: the skew-symmetric case, the orthogonal reflections case and the sum-of-exponential densities case (corresponding to the so-called Dieker-Moriarty conditions on the parameters). This paper thus closes, in a sense, the quest of all ``simple'' cases. To prove these results, we start from a functional equation that the Laplace transform satisfies, to which we apply tools from diverse horizons. To establish differential algebraicity, a key ingredient is Tutte's invariant approach, which originates in enumerative combinatorics. It allows us to express the Laplace transform (or its square) as a rational function of a certain canonical invariant, a hypergeometric function in our context. To establish differential transcendence, we turn the functional equation into a difference equation and apply Galoisian results on the nature of the solutions to such equations
Favoriser l’autonomisation par l’évaluation : s’autonomiser de l’évaluation ?
No full textInternational audienc
Identités de Macdonald, formule de dénominateur de Weyl-Kac et grassmannienes affines
No full textContribution to the Special Issue on Basic Hypergeometric Series Associated with Root Systems and Applications in honor of Stephen C. MilneInternational audienceWe expand the affine Weyl denominator formulas as signed -series of ordinary Weyl characters running over the affine Grassmannian. Here the grading in coincides with the (dual) atomic length of the root system considered as introduced by Chapelier-Laget and Gerber. Next, we give simple expressions of the atomic lengths in terms of self-conjugate core partitions. This permits in particular to rederive, from the general theory of affine root systems, some results of the second author obtained by case-by-case computations on determinants and the use of particular families of strict partitions. These families are proved to be in simple one-to-one correspondences with the previous core partition model and, through this correspondence, the atomic length on cores equates the rank of the strict partitions considered. Finally, we make explicit some interactions between the affine Grassmannian elements and the Nekrasov-Okounkov type formulas
Sur l'origine et la distribution des signatures d'érosion interne dans la plaine inondable protégée par des digues fluviales
No full textInternational audienceThe subsoils of river dikes are often composed of highly permeable and low-density river sediments. Thus, erosion signatures (leaks, sand boils, sinkholes) can appear in the protected floodplain during floods, highlighting the development of hydromorphodynamic phenomena below the surface, which may harm the safety of the dike system. A multiscale methodology is deployed to understand and analyze the influence of floodplain architecture in terms of geological formations on the appearance of local erosion signatures. Particular attention is paid to the morphology of paleovalleys and paleochannels in order to image the subsurface in terms of substrate types and interfaces using geophysical methods. This information makes it possible to propose internal erosion scenarios. Application to a study area in the South of France (the Agly dike system) leads to new results. The classical backward erosion piping scheme is not relevant to explain the observed sand boils, as they are mainly caused by the suffusion-type internal erosion process. Suffusion and contact erosion appear to be the origin of sinkholes. The distribution of these signatures appears to be directly related to the shape and dimensions of the paleovalley and paleochannels, as well as to the presence of a low-permeability topsoil.Le sous-sol des digues fluviales est souvent composé de sédiments fluviaux très perméables et de faible densité. Ainsi, des signatures d'érosion (fuites, sand boils, fontis) peuvent apparaître dans la zone protégée lors des crues, mettant en évidence le développement de phénomènes hydromorphodynamiques en profondeur, susceptibles de nuire à la sûreté du système d'endiguement. Une méthodologie multi-échelle est déployée pour comprendre et analyser l'influence de l'architecture de la plaine inondable en termes de formations géologiques sur l'apparition de signatures d'érosion locales. Une attention particulière est portée à la morphologie des paléovallées et des paléochenaux afin d'imager le sous-sol en termes de types de substrats et d'interfaces par des méthodes géophysiques. Ces informations permettent de proposer des scénarios d'érosion interne. L'application à une zone d'étude du sud de la France (le système digue de l'Agly) conduit à de nouveaux résultats. Le schéma classique d'érosion régressive de conduit n'est pas pertinent pour expliquer les sand boils observés, car ils sont principalement causés par un processus d'érosion interne de type suffusion. L'érosion de suffusion et de contact semble être à l'origine des fontis. La distribution de ces signatures semble être directement liée à la forme et aux dimensions de la paléovallée et des paléochenaux, ainsi qu'à la présence d'une couche de surface de faible perméabilité
