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Side Distinct Sciatic Nerve Recovery Differences Between Rats and Mice
No full textThe Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) is widely used to evaluate functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury, primarily in the
rat, and more recently shown useful in the mouse. This quantitative, non-invasive method allows tracking of regeneration capability, visible in the gait of the animal. Using a Martin micro needle holder, carrying a force measured to be 49.2 N, the left sciatic nerve was crushed for 60 s. We accumulated data from walking tracks collected preoperatively and 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. SFI values were first calculated in the traditional manner. Then using the preoperative values as the normal value in the postoperative calculations, SFI was again calculated; this isolated the calculations to either injured or contra lateral leg giving a ‘‘split’’ plot. The traditional SFI calculations resulted in typical shaped graphs for both rats and mice. However, the ‘‘split’’ SFI calculations showed how rats and mice differ in their recovery from sciatic nerve injury. The mouse graph shows the intact leg remaining stable and the injured leg having functional impairment, which then recovers. The rat graph showed functional impairment of the injured leg, however, the intact leg had an increase in SFI values as if to compensate until the injured leg showed recovery
Upotreba napredne prividne stvarnosti i 3d-računalom potpomognutih tehnologija u tele-3d-računalom potpomognutoj rinološkoj kirurgiji
No full textThe real-time requirement means that the simulation should be able to follow the actions of the user that may be moving in the virtual environment. The computer system should also store in its memory a three-dimensional (3D) model of the virtual environment. In that case a real-time virtual reality system will update the 3D graphic visualization as the user moves, so that up-to-date visualization is always shown on the computer screen. Upon completion of the tele-operation, the surgeon compares the preoperative and postoperative images and models of the operative field, and studies video records of the procedure itself. Using intraoperative records, animated images of the real tele-procedure performed can be designed. Virtual surgery offers the possibility of preoperative planning in rhinology. The intraoperative use of computer in real time requires development of appropriate hardware and software to connect medical instrumentarium with the computer and to operate the computer by thus connected instrumentarium and sophisticated multimedia interfaces
Fatal Fulminant Sepsis due to a cat bite in an Immunocompromised Patient
No full textPasteurella multocida infections in humans can present as localized infections of soft tissues surrounding the lesions, as respiratory tract infections or as systemic infections with slow or fulminant development. Over 90% of human infections are cases of wound infections or abscesses related to a bite, scratch, or licking of skin lesions by a cat or dog. Severe systemic diseases such as pneumonia, lung abscess, peritonitis, endocarditis, meningitis and sepsis are also well known, especially in patients with underlying medical conditions. In this paper we report on an immunocompromised patient who was bitten by an unknown cat and very quickly developed fulminant sepsis, dying 70 hours after the cat bite, despite all the intensive care, therapy and reanimation he was given. Unfortunately, he asked for medical help too late. We emphasize the need for primary healthcare to provide more information to patients at risk of infections from contact with animals and to warn them about the possible consequences of injuries, even when the animals are pets
Activity Cage as a Method to Analyze Functional Recovery After Sciatic Nerve Injury in Mice
No full textThe aim of this paper is to show the activity cage as a viable method for tracking functional nerve recovery. The activity cage
measures spontaneous coordinate activity, meaning movement in either the horizontal or vertical plane, of experimental animals within a specified amount of time. This uses a minimum of researcher time conducting functional testing to determine functional recovery of the nerve. Using microsurgical forceps, a crush injury was inflicted unilaterally, on the left side, upon the 4-month-old C3H mice creating a very high degree of pressure for 6 s upon the exposed sciatic nerve. The locomotion function of the mice was evaluated using the activity cage preoperatively, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the surgical procedure. We found that using the activity cage functional recovery occurred by 14 days after nerve crush injury. It was also shown that, coinciding with functional recovery, immunohistochemistry changes for GD1a and nNOS appeared at the level of L4, where the sciatic nerve joins the spinal column. GD1a and nNOS have both been linked to regenerative processes in mammalian nervous system
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
No full textSindrom potpune neosjetljivosti na anđrogene otkriva se u djevojčica adolescentne dobi s izostankom menarhe ili djevojčica mlađe dobi s ingvinalnom hernijom. Ginekološki nalaz otkriva izostanak razvoja struktura koje nastaju od Miillerovih kanala (maternice, jajovoda i gornjega dijela vagine). Fenotipski to su djevojčice, ali s muškim spolnim komplementom (46,XY). Klasični se kariogram nadopunjuje probom FISFI SRY. Gen SRY kod tih je djevojčica posve normalne funkcije te one imaju normalno razvijene testise koji su smješteni intraabdominalno ili ingvinalno. Sindrom je posljedica mutacije gena za receptor androgena koja se nasljeđuje X-vezano recesivno i potvrđuje molekulamo-genetičkom analizom. Iako se radi o potpuno zdravim osobama, njihova dijagnoza ima psihosocijalne posljedice koje zahtijevaju multidisciplinami pristup.Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome is found in adolescent girls with the absence of menarche or in younger girls with inguinal hernia. The absence of structures that develop from Müllerian ducts (uterus, oviducts and upper part of vagina) was found during gynecological examination. Phenotypically they are female, but with a male genotype (46, XY). Classical karyogram is supplemented with FISH SRY probe. SRY gene functions normally in these girls, so that they have normal male gonads situated intraabdominally or inguinally. Syndrome is caused by the mutation of androgen receptor that is inherited X-linked recessively and confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. Although they are completely healthy persons, their diagnosis has psychosocial consequences that require a multi-disciplinary approach
Incidencija krvarenja nakon tonzilektomije i adenotonzilektomije u 5125 bolesnika operiranih od 1994. do 2005. godine na odjelu za uho, grlo, nos i kirurgiju glave i vrata Kliničke bolnice Osijek u Osijeku
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence of post-tonsillectomy and post-adenotonsillectomy hemorrhage, and to evaluate risk factors that contribute to this hemorrhage. It was a retrospective study including 5125 patients operated in general anesthesia at our Department between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2005. A total of 169 (3.29 %) patients experienced postoperative bleeding; 69 (40.82%) of them required revision in operating room under general anesthesia. The incidence of bleeding was highest in the 20.01-30 age group. Primary bleeding (<24 h) occurred in 39 (0.76%) and secondary bleeding in 130 (2.53%) patients. The highest incidence of secondary post-tonsillectomy and post-adenotonsillectomy hemorrhage was between day 6 and day 7 of the operation. There was no statistical significance between men and women in the day when bleeding occurred. In the group of patients requiring revision in the operating room under general anesthesia, 59 (85%) patients had no additional diagnoses that may have contributed to postoperative hemorrhage. Two cases of excessive post-tonsillectomy bleeding requiring suture ligation of the external carotid artery are reported. Hemorrhage following tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy is rare and occurs mainly 6 days after surgery. A vast majority of patients do not need revision in the operating room. Male patients aged 20-30 were found to have an increased risk of postoperative hemorrhage.Cilj studije bio je utvrditi incidenciju krvarenja nakon tonzilektomije i adenotonzilektomije te procijeniti čimbenike rizika koji tom krvarenju doprinose. Ovo je bila retrospektivna studija 5125 bolesnika operiranih u općoj anesteziji na našem Odjelu od 1. siječnja 1994. do 31. prosinca 2005. godine. Poslijeoperacijsko krvarenje zabilježeno je u 169 (3,29%) bolesnika; kod 69 (40,82%) od njih bila je potrebna revizija zahvata u općoj anesteziji u operacijskoj sali. Incidencija krvarenja bila je najviša u dobnoj skupini od 20,01 do 30 godina. Primarno krvarenje (<24 h) je nastupilo u 39 (0,76%), a sekundarno krvarenje u 130 (2,53%) bolesnika. Najviša incidencija sekundarnog krvarenja poslije tonzilektomije i adenotonzilektomije zabilježena je između 6. i 7. dana od operacije. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u danu nastupa krvarenja između muških i ženskih bolesnika. U skupini bolesnika kod kojih je bila potrebna revizija zahvata pod općom anestezijom u operacijskoj sali 59 (85%) bolesnika nije imalo nikakve dodatne dijagnoze koje bi mogle doprinijeti poslijeoperacijskom krvarenju. Opisujemo dva slučaja prekomjernog krvarenja nakon tonzilektomije koji su zahtijevali ligaturu vanjske karotidne arterije šavovima. Krvarenje nakon tonzilektomije i adenotonzilektomije je rijetko i nastupa uglavnom 6 dana od operacije. Kod velike većine bolesnika nije potrebna revizija u operacijskoj sali. Utvrdili smo kako muški bolesnici u dobi od 20 do 30 godina imaju povećan rizik od poslijeoperacijskog krvarenja
Aplikacija nove metode kompresije medicinskih snimaka bez gubitaka, korištenjem predikcije i kontekstualnog modeliranja
No full textConduction of tele-3D-computer assisted operations as well as other telemedicine procedures often requires highest possible quality of transmitted medical images and video. Unfortunately, those data types are always associated with high telecommunication and storage costs that sometimes prevent more frequent usage of such procedures. We present a novel algorithm for lossless compression of medical images that is extremely helpful in reducing the telecommunication and storage costs. The algorithm models the image properties around the current, unknown pixel and adjusts itself to the local image region. The main contribution of this work is the enhancement of the well known approach of predictor blends through highly adaptive determination of blending context on a pixel-by-pixel basis using classification technique. We show that this approach is well suited for medical image data compression. Results obtained with the proposed compression method on medical images are very encouraging, beating several well known lossless compression methods. The predictor proposed can also be used in other image processing applications such as segmentation and extraction of image regions.Provođenje tele-3D računalom potpomognutih zahvata kao i druge telemedicinske procedure često zahtjevaju največu moguću kvalitetu medicinskih snimki i videa. Nažalost, takve vrste podataka su uvijek vezane uz visoke telekomunikacijske troškove i troškove pohrane, koji ponekad sprječavaju širu uporabu ovih procedura. Ovdje predstavljamo novi algoritam za kompresiju bez gubitaka medicinskih snimki, koji je od velike pomoći u smanjenju troškova. Glavni doprinos ovog rada je poboljšanje već poznatih modela. Pokazali smo da je ovaj pristup primjeren za kompresiju medicinskih slika. Rezultati dobiveni predloženim načinom kompresije su vrlo ohrabruju}i i pobijaju nekoliko dobro poznatih načina kompresije bez gubitaka. Predloženi prediktor se također može koristiti i u drugim aplikacijama za obradu slika, kao što je segmentiranje i ekstrakcija slikovnih područja
Role of Hormones and Genes in the Development of sex Dimorphism of the Brain
No full textRazlike u funkciji muškoga i ženskoga živčanoga sustava odražavaju se i na njegovoj građi. Strukture živčanog sustava koje se razlikuju među spolovima nazivamo spolno dimorfnim strukturama. Spolno dimorfne jezgre hipotalamusa uključene su u kontrolu osi hipotalamus - hipofiza - gonade, spolno specifičnih ponašanja, izbora spolnoga partnera te spolnoga identiteta, odnosno poistovjećivanja osobe s određenim spolom. Na razgraničenje spolno dimorfičnih područja utječu kako geni tako i spolni hormoni. Androgeni, estrogeni i progesteron, svaki u svom vremenskom okviru, mogu utjecati na spolno dimorfne strukture mozga u smjeru njihove maskulinizacije, feminizacije ili defeminizacije. Pošto kritično razvojno razdoblje prođe, čak ni velike abnormalnosti hormonskoga statusa u odrasloj dobi neće promijeniti spolni identitet osobe ni njezinu spolnu orijentaciju.Functional differences between male and female nervous system reflect on its structure. Specific regions of the nervous system that differ between genders are called sexually dimorphic structures. Sexually dimorphic nuclei of hypothalamus are involved in the control of hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal axis, sexually - related behaviour, the choice of sexual partner and gender identity i.e. the person's own sense of identification as male or female. Both, genes and hormones influence the differentiation of sexually dimorphic structures. Androgens, estrogens and progesterone, each in their own time period, can induce the masculinization, feminization or defeminization of these structures. After the critical developmental period had passed, not even severe abnormalities in hormonal status in adults will change person's gender identity or their sexual orientation
Imprint Cytology in Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Tumours
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of cytology in providing a reliable diagnosis upon which the clinician can base further investigative or treatment strategies in patients with laryngeal and pharyngeal tumours.
Methods: Imprint cytology diagnoses from 174 patients were correlated with the histological result of a corresponding biopsy.
Results: We found that the imprint cytology proved to be a useful, quick and reliable method with complete diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of 97%, 96%, 100%, 100% and 92% respectively.
Conclusion: Imprint cytology allows diagnostic statements in a shorter time than is possible with histological sections and proves a useful adjunct in evaluating laryngeal and pharyngeal lesions. The validity of the method depends on the care with which the specimen is sampled and on the experience of the investigator
Psihosocijalni aspekti mjera usmjerenih ka smanjenju učestalosti kroničnih bolesti u populaciji povratnika osječke regije u Hrvatskoj
No full textRecognizing high prevalence of Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders and low coverage by preventive examinations
in the population of returnees, in Osijek Region, we initiated activities for early detection and better managing of chronic diseases. Measures done, were based on public health working methods, such as: education, solidarity and self-responsibility. A special attention was put on psychosocial aspects of the health-related matters. Exactly, free glucose tests were organized with subsequent healthy lifestyles advice session. It was brought to our attention that such intervention should be as much as possible individually oriented, considering many personal and social characteristics of an individual. Gynecological examinations for all women interested in were also organized. On that occasion, women were interviewed in order to get information about their motivation and obstacles for doing preventive examinations and difficulties in adaptation as well. Finally, outcomes of the Project were summarized and put in a larger social context.Uočivši visoku prevalenciju Diabetes mellitus-a i kardiovaskularnih poremećaja i slabu pokrivenost preventivnim pregledima u populaciji povratnika, u Osječkoj regiji, pokrenuli smo aktivnosti za rano otkrivanje i bolje liječenje kroničnih bolesti. Poduzete mjere su se bazirale na javnozdravstvenim metodama rada, kao što su: edukacija, solidarnost i samo-odgovornost. Posebna pažnja je data psihosocijalnim aspektima zdravstvenih problema. Konkretno, organizirana je besplatna akcija kontrole glukoze u krvi, uz istovremeno savjetovanje o zdravom načinu života. Postalo nam je jasno da bi takve intervencije trebale biti što više individualno usmjerene, uzimajuči u obzir mnoge osobne i socijalne značajke pojedinca. Također su organizirani i ginekološki pregledi za sve zainteresirane žene. Tom prilikom, žene su anketirane, s ciljem da se stekne uvid u njihove motive i prepreke pri odlasku na preventivne preglede, kao i u probleme pri adaptaciji. Konačno, ukratko su analizirani pozitivni ishodi Projekta i stavljeni u širi društveni kontekst