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Klinička važnost značajne asimptomatske bakteriurije kod novorođenčadi i dojenčadi u ranom postnatalnom periodu
No full textThe aim of the study was to detect newborns at risk for developing renal impairment, and to point out the importance of significant asimptomatic bacteriuria in perinatal period and early infancy. Severe urinary tract anomalies are very often accompanied only by asimptomatic bacteriuria in perinatal period. Three urinalysis ware done after delivery. 212 newborns with significant asimptomatic bacteriuria underwent ultrasound examination, and were followed up to three months. Those with normal findings and with passing bacteriuria in the first 2 months were excluded. Group of 52 newborns underwent radioisotope examination. Frequency of urinary tract anomalies in newborns was 34.6%. Increased risk for renal impairment had children with urinary tract anomalies in close family, urinary tract infection or bacteriuria, EPH gestosis and prepartal symptoms of febrile infection in mother, children with IUGR, strangulated umbilical cord, prolonged jaundice and attacks of peripheral cyanosis in perinatal periodCilj je bio odrediti značenje trajne asimptomatske bakteriurije u novorođenačkoj i ranoj dojenačkoj dobi. Ranim otkrivanjem najtežih prirođenih mana mokračnog sustava spriječilo bi se kasnije bubrežno oštećenje. Urinokultura je po porodu uzimana metodom sakupljača. 212 novorođenčadi sa značajnom bakteriurijom pregledano je ultrazvukom i praćeno tijekom tri mjeseca. Iz ispitivanja su isključena djeca u koje se bakteriurija izgubila tijekom prva 2 mjeseca, a koja su imala uredan nalaz UZV-a. Skupini od 52 dojenčadi učinjene su DRC, statička Tc99m DMSAi dinamička Tc99mMAG3 scintigrafija. Učestalost mana mokraćnog sustava je bila 34,6%. Djeca u riziku za oštećenje bubrega su ona s manama mokraćnog sustava u bližoj obitelji, čije su majke u trudnoći imale infekciju mokraćnog sustava ili bakteriuriju, EPH gestozu, simptome febrilne infekcije pred porod, odnosno djeca s intrauterinim zaostatkom u rastu, pupkovinom oko vrata, s produljenom žuticom i napadima periferne cijanoze u perinatalnoj dobi. Dojenčad s trajnom asimptomatskom bakteriurijom tijekom prvih mjeseci života, bez obzira na nepostojanje simptoma infekcije mokraćnog sustava, su u riziku od nastajanja bubrežnog oštećenja i može ih se prepoznati temeljem rizičnih činilaca
Determination of Aucubin and Catalpol in Plantago Species by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
No full textMicellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) was used for the separation and determination of two iridoid glycosides, aucubin and catalpol, in several Plantago species growing in Croatia: P. altissima L., P. argentea Chaix, P. coronopus L., P. holosteum Scop. (subsp. depauperata, subsp. holosteum and subsp. scopulorum), P. lagopus L., P. lanceolata L., and P. maritima L. Hot water extraction (HWE) was applied for the isolation of iridoid substances. Significant differences appeared between the iridoid contents in the examined species. The yield of aucubin and catalpol was up to 0.27% and 1.81% of the dry mass of the leaves, respectively. Besides aucubin and catalpol, two related compounds were determined in the plant samples
An Unusual Tumour of the Breast: Cytological Findings
No full textThe epithelioid variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST), or epithelioid malignant schwannoma is an unusual form of MPNST that closely resembles carcinoma or melanoma as the tumour is composed predominantly of Schwann cells with a polygonal epithelioid appearance. It has been estimated that 5% or fewer MPNST belong to this group. The tumours follow a distribution similar to that of the ordinary MPNST, mostly occurring in patients 20–50 years of age, and may arise in the deep and superficial soft tissues of almost every anatomical site, with rapid growth and aggressive biological behaviour. Most of the tumours reported in the literature originated in major nerves. It is the cases in which the origin from a nerve cannot be documented that pose the most challenging problems in diagnosis. MPNST are some of the most difficult soft tissue tumours to diagnose by fine needle aspiration (FNA) and the results vary greatly depending upon a number of factors including the experience and skill of the aspirator and interpreting cytopathologist. The first description of the cytomorphological features was in 1989 by Molenaar et al. The majority of the cases described in the literature are isolated reports. Difficulties in the FNA diagnosis of schwannoma have been reported by many authors, especially of epithelioid malignant schwannoma. The aim of this paper is to present our case of FNA of epithelioid malignant peripheral sheath tumour of the breast with special reference to the cytological findings
Clinical Expression of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy with Respect to Manifestation in the Area of Xp21.2 - Locus Which Codifies Dystrophin Synthesis
No full textOpisuje se uloga distrofina u ekspresiji kliničke slike mišićnih distrofija. Distrofin je vrlo kompleksan protein, a gen koji kodira njegovu sintezu jedan je od najvećih gena ljudskog organizma, te zauzima oko 1% cijeloga X kromosoma. Delecije, duplikacije ili točkaste mutacije pojedinog segmenta tog velikog gena mogu dati sasvim blagu kliničku sliku u obliku brzog mišićnog zamaranja, dok promjene u nekom drugom segmentu rezultiraju vrlo teškim i letalnim oblicima Duchenneove distrofije.The role of dystrophin in various clinical presentations of muscular dystrophy is described. Dystrophin is a very complex protein, and the gene coding its synthesis is one of the largest ones in the human genome, occupying about 1 percent of the X-chromosome. Deletions, duplications or point mutations of this huge gene may result in various clinical manifestations ranging from mild muscular fatigue to lethal forms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Značaj probira u otkrivanju klinički lokaliziranog karcinoma prostate
No full textThe aim of this study was to confirm the role of screening by determining the percentage of clinically localized prostate cancer (stage A and B) in patients with prostate cancer detected on screening and in those presenting to urologic clinic for the symptoms of urination impairment or ostalgia. During the study, 1,000 men aged 50 from the community of Čepin and village of Josipovac near Osijek were examined. The subjects with elevated concentration of total prostate specific antigen and/or digital rectal examination suspect of carcinoma underwent transperineal biopsy of the prostate. Clinical staging was performed in patients with prostate cancer detected on screening, and data on clinical staging for prostate cancer patients treated during the 1996–1997 period were retrieved from patient files of the Department of Urology, University Hospital »Osijek«. On screening, 28 (80%) patients with localized prostate cancer and seven (20%) patients with metastases were detected. In the group of patients examined on an outpatient basis for the signs and symptoms of prostatism, there were 30 (83.4%) patients with metastases and only six (16.6%) patients with localized prostate cancer. Study results indicated that an early diagnosis of prostate cancer could be made by use of noninvasive and inexpensive methods that cause no major discomfort to the patient. Accordingly, these results appear to strongly support such screening in men, if not in all those aged
over 50, then at least in the otherwise healthy, 50–70 age group.Cilj ovog rada je bio pokazati važnost probira utvrđivanjem postotka tumora ograničenih na organ (stadij A i B) u grupi bolesnika s karcinomom otkrivenim tijekom probira i u grupi onih koji su se javili u urološku ambulantu zbog simptoma vezanih uz poremećaj mokrenja ili bolove u kostima. Tijekom istraživanja pregledano je 1000 muškaraca u dobi od 50 godina i starijih, iz općine Čepin i sela Josipovac kod Osijeka. Ispitanici koji su imali povišenu koncentraciju ukupnog prostatičnog specifičnog anti-gena i/ili suspektan digitorektalni pregled podvrgnuti su transperinealnoj biopsiji. Kod ispitanika s otkrivenim karcinomom prostate, odredili smo klinički stadij tumora, a iz arhiva klinike za urologiju, Kliničke bolnice Osijek izvadili smo podatke o kliničkom stadiju za bolesnike s karcinomom prostate liječene u razdoblju od 1996.–1997. godine. Tijekom skrininga otkriveno je 28 (80%) bolesnika s karcinomom ograničenim na prostatu i 7 (20%) s metastazama. U grupi bolesnika koji su ambulantno pregledani zbog simptoma i znakova prostatizma imali smo 30 (83.4%) bolesnika s metastazama i samo 6 (16.6%) s tumorom ograničenim na prostatu. Iz ranije navedenih rezultata proizlazi da je rana dijagnoza raka prostate mogu}a uporabom metoda koje nisu invazivne, nisu skupe i ne uzrokuju značajnije uznemiravanje bolesnika. Temeljem takvih rezultata može se mnogo reći u prilog probiru muškaraca, ako ne svih preko 50 godina, onda barem onih od 50 do 70 godina koji su inače dobrog zdravlja
Encefalitis ili encefalopatija tijekom epidemije influence-a
No full textSix female patients with encephalitis, mean age 36.5 (17–60) years, were admitted to the hospital during the 2000–2001 influenza A (H1N1) epidemic in the Osijek – Baranja County. In three (50.0%) patients, the manifestation of encephalitis occurred on day 4 or 5, and in two (33.3%) patients within 24–48 hours of the onset of influenza symptoms. The disease manifestations included headache, elevated body temperature, generalized fatigue, and consciousness disturbance through coma. Three (50.0%) patients had grand mal seizures. Pathologic electroencephalography findings were recorded in all six (100%) patients, whereas computed tomography showed cerebral edema in three (50.0%) patients. Elevated levels of hepatic enzymes and peripheral blood leukopenia were found in two (33.3%) patients in whom encephalitis developed early upon the onset of influenza. One (16.6%) of these patients died, whereas permanent sequels remained in the other two (33.3%) patients.Tijekom epidemije influence A (H1N1) u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji od 2000. do 2001. godine liječeno je 6 bolesnica s encefalitisom. Najmla|a bolesnica imala je 17, a najstarija 60 godina. Srednja životna dob je 36.5 godina. Tri (50%) su bolesnice dobile encefalitis 4-tog i 5-tog dana od pojave simptoma influence, a dvije (33.3%) tijekom prvih 24–48 sati od početka bolesti. Bolest se očitovala glavoboljom, visokom temperaturom, općom slabošću i poremećajem svijesti do kome. Tri (50%) su bolesnice imale epi napad tipa grand mal. U svih je bolesnica (100%) na|en patolo{ki EEG, u tri (50%) je na CT-u
nađen jači edem mozga. U dvije (33.3%) bolesnice u kojih se encefalitis javio prvih dana influence na|ene su povišene vrijednosti jetrenih enzima i leukopenija u perifernoj krvi. Jedna (16.6%) je bolesnica umrla, a u dvije (33.3%) ostale su trajne sekvele
Uporaba umjetnih neuronskih mreža za retencijsko modeliranje u ionskoj kromatografiji
No full textThe aim of this work was to develop an empirical model for retention of inorganic anions (fluoride, chloride, nitrite, sulphate, bromide, nitrate, and phosphate) in suppressed ion chromatography with hydroxide selective stationary phases using artificial neural networks. Three-layer feed-forward neural network trained with a Levenberg-Marquardt batch error back propagation algorithm has been used to model retention mechanisms of inorganic anions with respect to the mobile phase parameters. The number of hidden layer nodes of the neural network and the number of iteration steps were optimized in order to obtain the best possible retention model. This Study shows that an optimized artificial neural network is a very accurate and fast retention modelling tool to model various inherent linear and non-linear relationships of retention behaviour. This has been proven by developing the neural network retention model with average relative errors of 0.88% obtained using only 300 iteration steps.Svrha rada je razvoj empirijskog modela za retencijsko modeliranje anorganskih aniona (fluorida, klorida, nitrita, sulfata, nitrata, bromida i fosfata) u suprimiranoj ionskoj kromatografiji s hidroksid-selektivnom stacionarnom fazom, i to uporabom
umjetne neuronske mreže. Unaprijedna neuronska mreža s tri sloja, obučavana Levenberg-Marquardt-ovim algoritmom s povratnim rasprostiranjem pogreške te prilagodbom parametara mreže nakon prolaska čitavog skupa za obuku kroz mrežu, uporabljena je za modeliranje retencijskog mehanizma anorganskih aniona, s obzirom na parametre mobilne faze. Broj neurona u skrivenom sloju neuronske mreže i broj iteracijskih koraka optimiran je da bi se dobio što bolji retencijski model. Pokazano je da optimirana neuronska mreža omogućuje vrlo točan i brz postupak za modeliranje linearnih i nelinearnih ovisnosti te je primjenjiva za modeliranje retencije. To je dokazano razvijanjem modela retencije, uporabom neuronske mreže sa srednjom vrijednošću relativnih pogrešaka od 0,88%, uz korištenje 300 iteracijskih koraka