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The impact of social media on the shape and form of Public Relations and Advertising within IMC
No full textHistorically, Public Relations and Advertising have been perceived by many as uncomfortable bedfellows, with distinctive roles and identities. Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) has challenged this division and demonstrated the advantages of an integrated outside-in approach with emphasis on relationship management and media neutrality. This process has been disrupted again by the rapid increase in digital marketing, more specifically social media. This paper examines the impact that social media has had on the shape and form of Public Relations and Advertising within IMC and questions whether such classifications of tools are meaningful in today’s digital landscape. It utilises the Paid, Owned and Earned Media framework (POEM) to explore students’ identification of marketing communications activities within integrated campaigns and their use of terminology. The findings suggest that POEM is a useful tool to analyse the interaction between various elements of a campaign, although it becomes more difficult to apply when activities overlap e.g. Paid/Earned. The results also indicate that, although there were considerable PR activities in the campaigns, the students often did not identify them as PR. The paper concludes that marketing communications would benefit from new terminology and the implications for tutors, researchers, clients and agencies are discussed
Decoupling Gender from ‘Midwifery’:A utopian vision
Full text linkDebates around gender inclusive versus ‘sexed’ language have become the new focus for debates on linguistic harm within midwifery (Pezaro et al., n.d.). Whilst clinical guidelines are moving toward what has been deemed ‘gender sensitive language’ (Garad et al. 2023), the challenges posed by such linguistic shifts underline the importance of constant reflection, review, and adaptation, particularly when all professionals are committed to the provision of equitable care without harm. Conversely, the use of exclusive language propagates harmful stereotypes and biases (Dev et al. 2021). Thus, it is concerning that the problematically gendered nature of professional nomenclature has received less attention, particularly in relation to this most highly gendered profession of midwifery. Here, we engage with Levitas’ ‘utopia as method’ (Levitas 2013) to dismantle the word ‘midwife’ and demonstrate how the alternative title of ‘lead perinatal practitioner’ might instead be clearer on its objectives, meet the needs of all, and be more appropriate given the ethically driven need for inclusive perinatal services. We also explore how this proposed new title may be useful in raising the profile of the midwifery 1 profession, which has historically been overlooked, undervalued, and often conflated with nursing (Pezaro, Maher, and Fissell 2022)
The risks of a tourism caught in Clausewitz's fog of war
No full textThe Prussian General Carl von Clausewitz (and his theories on war) does not take a vacation! Yet, I am about to establish here a daring connection between Clausewitz’s theories and tourism as the starting point for my argument. This chapter brings together reflections from various areas of knowledge to identify one of the risks that I see as very much looming over the practice of tourism: that of political instrumentalisation in the international arena, especially in the presence of tense geopolitical situations.Tourism, understood not only as physical movement but also as a social phenomenon, reflects and amplifies the political, economic, and cultural dynamics of the contemporary world. The free movement of people and the very perception of certain areas/ destinations often have to contend with international politics, propaganda, and the effects of what Carl von Clausewitz (and here’s where the Prussian general comes into play) defined as the “fog of war”, that is, the uncertainty that characterises conflict situations and decisions in wartime.The concept of the “fog of war” comes from military studies, indeed, and refers to the uncertainty and disorientation that accompany military operations. I’d like to extend this notion to describe the political and social dynamics that willingly or unwillingly affect tourism in times of conflicts. Propaganda, political strategies, and international relations generate a “fog” that can distort the perception of the safety and accessibility of tourist destinations, and thus directly influence the ability of tourism to actually be a vehicle for intercultural dialogue and global understanding.The awareness about this dynamic is fundamental to the debate on the role of tour- ism in promoting peace or, conversely, in perpetuating conflicts. In this sense, for instance, when a Portuguese university asked me in 2020 to curate the contents for a new master’s programme on international tourism development, I deemed it appropriate to introduce, on an experimental basis, a module on “geopolitics and tourism”(where I also made sure to clarify the difference between “geopolitics and tourism”and “geopolitics of tourism”).The political use of tourism can have very complex and potentially harmful consequences, not only for the destinations involved, but also for the entire global tourism ecosystem, undermining tourism’s role as a tool for cultural exchange and mutual understanding. Despite the breadth of the implications, however, these dynamics do not seem to attract significant attention from the scientific community.In the following sections of this chapter, by summarising personal considerations and key academic insights about the political use of tourism, addressing how tour- ism intersects with diplomacy, national identity, economic development, geopolitical tensions, propaganda, and cultural exploitation, I will therefore briefly provide arguments and outline the reasons why, on the contrary, this issue should be added urgently to the research agenda of tourism scholars
An exploratory study into cell approaches for intelligence collection from detainees within an English Police Custody Suite
No full textThe value of intelligence gathered from cell approaches in police custody suites remains largely unexplored, presenting a crucial area for research. This study explores the collection of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) and the generation of Source (Covert Human Intelligence Source, CHIS) referrals during cell approaches. Data was collected from 102 cell approaches by which 54 were undertaken by dedicated intelligence officers and 48 by detectives in a police custody suite in England over a 3-month period. Results revealed that detectives, when tasked, were significantly more successful than dedicated intelligence officers in securing intelligence during cell approaches and to make source (CHIS) referrals. A detainee’s willingness to engage was associated with intelligence provision, with revenge and lifestyle as key motivating factors. Detainees were significantly more likely to provide intelligence post-charge rather than pre-charge, though the time of day and detainee age showed no significant correlations with intelligence gathering. This study discussed the importance of optimizing intelligence collection and source referrals during cell approaches
Understanding coproduced research
No full textTo appreciate the subjective experience of others, we must explore the meaning society has for them, how they interpret their encounters, and how their individual narratives impact their behavior. Subsequently, the focus on what other people think and feel (their narrative) is heavily context dependent due to the interplay of culture and may require an adaptive approach. Capturing authentic experiences and viewpoints can support systematic change that improves the life outcomes of participants, and capturing genuine voices is crucial to the effectiveness of any such study. Coproduction has the power to facilitate co-interpretation to foreground new knowledge that can drive impactful transformation. However, the reality of using coproduced research requires careful contemplation of the researcher’s reflexivity and strong ethical consideration of the intended coproducers. Coproduction is a powerful research method that can be used to obtain authentic insights into marginalized and peripheral groups, but this requires rigorous strategy and a clear understanding of the need to safeguard the well-being of those participating. The role of the researcher, as well as coresearchers, must be explicit when seeking authentic responses; equally, ethical limitations to anonymity and confidentiality must be made clear—safeguarding coresearchers must always take precedence
Unveiling the failure of tourism as industry of peace: bridging the gap between Academic Discourse and Global Reality. Paving the way to Post-Tourism
No full textThis chapter aims to prompt the reader to reflect on the factual fading of the concept of tourism as an industry of peace and as a vehicle for peace by nature. The disparity between what academia advocates regarding tourism's potential contribution to a better world clashes daily with the global effects of tourism. Not only does tourism fail to reduce conflicts, but it sometimes generates new ones. The studies conducted on over-tourism, the terribly negative effects of voluntourism on children in developing countries, the practice of tourism as a new form of colonialism, are just few of the many alarms which remains ignored. Unfortunately, the list is long, and serious considerations must be made to bring academics to more realistic positions on one hand, and to encourage the industry to dream and implement possible alternatives on the other. The path towards the dawn of post-tourism, charting a course towards a more equitable and sustainable future for global travel, is here advocated.</div
Introduction:Wellbeing Past and Present
No full textThis introductory chapter explains the manner in which the volume developed from a conference organised by the Centre for Historical Studies at UON. It then explores the main historiographical trends in wellbeing studies and the history of wellbeing. It is suggested that history has been in deficit in approaching wellbeing in comparison to other disciplines. This is partly because the term itself has been so ill-defined. The introduction then goes on to unpack the contents of the volume
Dataset: Multi-temporal DEMs used to quantify the geomorphological impact of a late 20th century glacier re-advance at Schwarzberggletscher, Switzerland
No full textThis dataset contains five difference surfaces derived from historical Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of Difference covering the terminus of Schwarzberggletscher, Switzerland. The DEMs of Difference cover changes between 1974, 1979, 1983, 1990, and 2010. These were produced using a Structure-from-Motion photogrammetric workflow. Errors were minimised using a co-alignment and fine registration approach. This dataset is used in Tonkin et al., which is published in Geomorphology
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