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Сравнительно-морфологический анализ видов рода Arctium L. (Asteraceae) флоры Украины
Get PDFThe aim of the work is to analyze several morphological signs of Arctium plants of Ukrainian flora and to carry out their comparative analysis using the method of determination of the measure of discrepancy by the separate parameters and similarity measure, offered by Shmidt. For comparison there was used the normalize deviation and coefficient of signs divergence. The putting of normalize deviation on the graph gives the visible presentation about the divergence measure of signs of studied objects. The graphs of normalize deviations of morphometric signs of Arctium species relative to A. Lappa standard were constructed on the base of received results. Among the sings of Arctium plants were used the ones that had reliable deviations relative to the standard. The analysis of values of divergence coefficient showed the measure of general similarity of the whole complex of studied signs relative to the standard values. As a result of research it was revealed, that the species A. nemorosum and A. Lappa are most similar by morphological parameters; in A.minus and A. tomentosum were revealed the maximal deviations of the signs. It allowed use these signs at diagnosis of interspecific differences and for the supplement of existing keysПроанализированы некоторые морфологические признаки растений рода Arctium флоры Украины, проведен их сравнительный анализ с помощью метода определения степени различия по отдельным параметрам и степени сходства. По морфологическим параметрам наиболее близки между собой виды A. nemorosum и A. lappa; у A.minus и A. tomentosum выявлены максимальные отклонения признако
Аналіз онтогенетичної та віталітетної структури ценопопуляцій Scilla bifolia l. на території Сумського геоботанічного округу
Get PDFAim: to establish typical features of ontogenetic and vitality structures of Scilla bifolia coenopopulations in different phytocenoses in the Sumy geobotanical region, to evaluate the dynamics of these structure types in the period 2015–2016 years.Methods: Common geobotanical methods were used at the research. For the determination of ontogenetic spectrums of Scilla bifolia cenopopulations was used ANONS 6 non-commercial program, and for the determination of vitality spectrums and quality types of coenopopulations was used VITAL non-commercial program, elaborated by Y.A. Zlobin.Result: ontogenetic spectrums of all studied Scilla bifolia coenopopulations are bimodal by the one peak on juvenile or immature individuals and the other peak on young generative individuals. According to T.O. Rabotnov classification, all coenopopulations in 2015 were invasive, and in 2016 P1 and P2 remained invasive and P3 became normal. According to L.O. Zhukova classification, all Scilla bifolia coenopopulations in both 2015 and 2016 represented the normal group, and according to L.V. Zhyvotovsky classification, they are all young, because ∆/ω ratio for the period of researches in Scilla bifolia coenopopulations corresponded to the diapason from 0,06/0,20 to 0,18/0,52.As to the vitality analysis of Scilla bifolia coenopopulations, two qualitative types of this variety coenopopulations are presented: prospering and balanced.The common feature of the vitality structure of all coenopopulations Scilla bifolia is rather low (up to 13 %) part of individuals of the mean («b») vitality class. For coenopopulations P1 and P3 during two years is typical the predominance of high vitality (class «а») individuals.Conclusions within the Sumy geobotanical region the typical feature of Scilla bifolia coenopopulations is similar ontogenetic spectrums. Active renewal processes and intensive introduction in forest groups are inherent to them.Vitality structure of Scilla bifolia coenopopulations changes at the transfer from one phytocenosis to another. It is an evidence of realization of the ability to adaptation and to adjustment to growth conditionsВизначено онтогенетичну структуру ценопопуляцій Scilla bifolia та проведено її інтегральну оцінку. Визначено віталітетну структуру трьох ценопопуляцій Scilla bifolia на території Сумського геоботанічного округу. Зроблено висновки про онтогенетичну та віталітетну структури ценопопуляцій Scilla bifolia, визначено перспективи подальших фітопопуляційних досліджень даного виду в типових лісових угрупованнях досліджуваного району.
Аналіз віталітетної структури ценопопуляцій Chimaphila umbellatа (L.) W. Barton у лісових фітоценозах Новгород-Сіверського Полісся
Get PDFThe population analysis included nine Chimaphila umbellatа cenopopulations from different groups, typical for Novgorod Siver’sk Polissia: Pinetum (sylvestris) pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pinetum (sylvestris) callunoso (vulgaris)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pinetum (sylvestris) vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pinetum (sylvestris) convallarioso (majalis)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pinetum (sylvestris) franguloso (alni)–vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pinetum (sylvestris) sorboso (aucuparii) –convallarioso (majalis)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Querceto (roboris)– Pinetum (sylvestris) pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pineto (sylvestris)–Betuletum (pendulae) vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Betuletum (pendulae) vaccinioso (myrtilli)– pleuroziosum (schreberi).The aim of research was to explain the features of vitality structure of Chimaphila umbellatа cenopopulations in aforesaid forest phytocenoses of studied region.The morphometric analysis, attended by the assessment of 17 morphometric parameters in Chimaphila umbellatа plants was used during the research. In the same time the algorithm of vitality analysis, attended by determination of correlations between morphoparameters and estimation of their factor loads, was realized.It was established, that in Chimaphila umbellatа plants at the level of correlation r=0,85 and higher, the dimensional values form four pleiads. Most factor loads were registered in indices of leaves mass, general area of leaf surface, general phytomass, number of leaves, photosynthetic effort and also ratio between the area of leaf surface and phytomass. On the base of combination of correlative and factor solution among the totality of morphoparameters that characterize the state of Chimaphila umbellatа ramets of generative ontogenetic state we fixed the dimensional parameters that determine the vitality of plant of this specie: general phytomass of plants, general area of leaf surface and photosynthetic effort.The results of vitality analysis testified that Chimaphila umbellatа cenopopulations are rather diverse by vitality structure. Their signs correspond to all three vitality types: depressive, moderate and flourishing. The depressive one is cenopopulation from the group Pinetum (sylvestris) vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi). The moderate include cenopopulations from the groups Pinetum (sylvestris) callunoso (vulgaris)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Querceto (roboris)–Pinetum (sylvestris) pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pineto (sylvestris)–Betuletum (pendulae) vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Betuletum (pendulae) vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi). The flourishing ones are cenopopularions from the groups Pinetum (sylvestris) pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pinetum (sylvestris) convallarioso (majalis)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pinetum (sylvestris) franguloso (alni)–vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi), Pinetum (sylvestris) sorboso (aucuparii) –convallarioso (majalis)– pleuroziosum (schreberi).The belonging to three different vitality types testifies to the different degree of favorableness of one or another location as to the formation and existence of cenopopulation of this specie. Based on the signs of vitality structure, the least favorable are the ecological-cenotic conditions of Pinetum (sylvestris) vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi) group, and most favorable – Pinetum (sylvestris) pleuroziosum (schreberi) and Pinetum (sylvestris) franguloso (alni)–vaccinioso (myrtilli)–pleuroziosum (schreberi)Відповідно до положень класичного віталітетного аналізу, виявлено кореляційні зв’язки між провідними морфопараметрами, що характеризують стан рослин Chimaphila umbellatа, оцінено факторні навантаження на розмірні величини та визначено ключові морфопараметри. Встановлено, що з досліджених дев’яти ценопопуляцій Chimaphila umbellatа одна є депресивною, чотири – врівноваженими та чотири процвітаючим
Дослідження забруднення пилом повітря у виробництві продукції птахівництва
Get PDFAim of research – to determine the dust concentration in production accommodations and beyond poultry yards in the sanitary-protecting zone of a poultry enterprise.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in zones of location of poultry enterprises of broiler and eggs production. Poultry enterprises are located in Kyiv region in different soil-climatic conditions. The analysis of the content of dust in atmospheric air is realized using aspiration methods. The disperse analysis of dust is established by microscopy methods using a microscope MBI -15. The leaf plate dustiness is established by the bioindication method. Results of researches and their discussion. The results of realized studies testify that the ratio of dust particles of different sizes is different depending on a technology. For example, at keeping poultry at a poultry yard 75 % is fine-dispersed particles less than 5 microns. In feed processing buildings the share of fine-dispersed particles is more (85 %). It was demonstrated that the intensity of the poultry yards working zone air pollution is very high depending on a keeping technology, poultry age, production process. The maximal value of hygienic norms exceed (in 700 tomes) was observed in a feed processing building at forages mixing. The method of bioindication using Betula pendula Roth phyto-indicator determined the dust concentration on Betula pendula Rot leaf plate surface. It was demonstrated that the dust pollution is observed also beyond poultry yards, at the distance 2m from discharge sources it exceeds the value in the control variant almost 250 times at keeping the parents’ livestock. The concentration decreases with the distance increase.Conclusion. It was determined that the quantitative composition of different dust fractions is different. To improve the ecological state of atmospheric air it is necessary to observe veterinary-sanitary norms to provide a microclimate and ventilation. The received results give grounds to state that MAC of working zone air pollution can reach 700 times. BetulapendulaRoth was probated and offered to the use as phyto-indicators of the ecological state of territories of the intense poultry farmingПроведено визначення забруднення твердими суспендованими частинками. Аспіраційними методами визначено вміст твердих суспендованих частинок при різних виробничих процесах вирощування птиці. Показано значне перевищення гігієнічних нормативів. У результаті проведених досліджень встановлено дисперсійний стан пилу. Апробовано біоіндикаційний метод визначення пилу на листових пластинках дере
Активность лизоцима в печени и дисбиоз толстой кишки после экспериментальной антибиотикотерапии
Get PDFAs far as antibiotics cause dysbiotic and hepatotoxic side effects, there appeared the interest to the experimental study of the influence of antibiotics on the antimicrobial function of the liver and colon microbiota, especially lysozyme activity in tissues of rats.Aim –is to study the influence of several antibiotics on lysozyme activity in the liver, blood serum and colon.Methods. The studies were realized on rats of Wistar line, that were administered with soluble forms of antibiotics with drinking water: cefixime (20 mg/kg), or sumamed (25 mg/kg), or amoxiclav (40 mg/kg), or lincomycin (60 mg/kg) during 5 days, or antihelicobacter complex (omeprasole 1,33 mg/kg, amoxil-К 50 mg/kg and clarithromycin 7,5 mg/kg) for 8 days. Doses corresponded to developers’ recommendations. Euthanasia of animals was realized under thiopental anesthesia (40 mg/kg) in 5 days after the last intake of antibiotics. Lysozyme and urease activity was determined the blood serum, homogenates of the liver and colon mucosa, and the dysbiosis degree was calculated by their level according to Levitsky by the enzymatic method. The results were processed using Student t-criterion.Results. Antibiotics cause the decrease of lysozyme activity in the colon mucosa, blood serum and liver of rats. This factor decreases most after using lincomycin and antihelicobacter complex, insignificantly – after amoxiclav. Synchronously, urease activity in the colon mucosa, blood serum and liver and also the dysbiosis degree in the colon increase. Lincomycin and antihelicobacter complex essentially raised these indices. The course of amoxiclav, in opposite, caused the minimal effect on urease activity and dysbiosis degree. The obtained results allow to presuppose that reproduction of pathogenic and conventionally pathogenic microflora in the mucosa of the large intestine, established by the increase of urease activity, may be a result of weakening of activity of the antimicrobial factor of lysozyme of the liver and colon after the realized antibiotic therapy. It must be taken into account at elaborating the prophylaxis of side effects of antibioticsЭкспериментальная антибиотикотерапия у крыс вызывает снижение активности антимикробного фактора лизоцима с одновременным увеличением активности уреазы и степени дисбиоза, определенного ферментативным методом, в слизистой оболочке толстой кишки, сыворотке крови и печени животных. Полученные результаты позволили предположить, что в развитии дисбиоза после приема антибиотиков определенную роль играет снижение антимикробного фактора лизоцима в печени и толстой кишк
Терапевтична ефективність 1-[4-(1,1,3,3-тетраметилбутил)фенокси]-3-(n-бензилгексаметиленіміній)-2-пропанол хлориду in vivo
Get PDFThe aim of the research was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the derivative of arilalifatic aminopropanols 1-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl)phenoxi]-3-(N-benzyl hexamethylenimino)-2-propanol chloride (compound КВМ-194) in experiments in vivo on the model of the generalized infection, conditioned by Candida albicans.Methods. The experimental generalized infection was recreated on white nonlinear mice, using C. albicans 1486 strain. The infecting dose was 107 of fungal elements/animal. The efficacy of КВМ-194 was determined in the prophylactic, treating-prophylactic and treating regimes at intraoperational administration of the compound in doses 0,01 LD50 та 0,001 LD50.Results. It was established, that in the prophylactic regime of use at the intraoperational administration, the compound KVM-194 in a dose 0,001 LD50 favors survival of 50 % of animals, in a dose 0,01 LD50 - 100 % of infected animals (at 100 % death in the control). At the administration in the treating-prophylactic regime in a dose 0,01 LD50 this compound prevent death of 50 % of infected animals. The derivative of arilalifatic aminopropanols revealed the most expressed efficacy at the generalized candidiasis in the treating regime of use: at the administration of КВМ-194 in doses 0,001 LD50 and 0,01 LD50 death of experimental animals is absent (at 100 % of death in the control).Conclusions. The obtained data testify to the efficacy of the derivative of arilalifatic aminopropanols in low doses at generalized mycosis, conditioned by C. albicans, and prospects of the elaboration of an effective antifungal preparation on its base. Метою дослідження було встановлення терапевтичної ефективності похідного арилаліфатичних аміноспиртів КВМ-194 в експериментах in vivo на моделі генералізованої інфекції. Ефективність КВМ-194 визначали у профілактичному, лікувально-профілактичному та лікувальному режимах.Проведені дослідження показали, що сполука КВМ-194 здатна запобігати розвитку генералізованої інфекції та є ефективною при терапії генералізованого кандидозу, що проявляється у низьких доза
Дія хондроїтин сульфату натрію на вільнорадикальні процеси у хрящовій тканині щурів при остеоартрозі
Get PDFIt was established, that at osteoarthrosis, induced by the administration of monoiodine acetate, the oxide stress develops in the cartilage tissue of knee joints, at that the content of active forms of oxygen and products of lipids peroxide oxidation grows, especially: hydrogen peroxide, superoxide-anion radical, dienoic conjugates, RBA-active products and Schiff bases. Activities of xantinoxidase prooxidant enzyme and antioxidant superoxidysmutase also grew at the pathology. It was revealed, that at administering the preparation on the base of chondroitin sulfate, the content of active forms of oxygen and products of lipids peroxide oxidation decreased in the cartilage tissue of rats with chemically induced osteoarthrosis. The negative control proved that the preparation on the base of chondroitin sulfate doesn’t influence the shift of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in experimental animals. The obtained data testify to antioxidant properties of this preparationВстановлено, що при остеоартрозі, індукованого введенням монойодацетату натрію у хрящовій тканині колінних суглобів зростає вміст активних форм кисню та продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів. Виявлено, що при введенні препарату на основі хондроїтина сульфату натрію знижується вміст активних форм кисню та продуктів перекисного окиснення ліпідів у хрящовій тканині щурів з хімічно викликаним остеоартрозо
Експериментальне дослідження впливу спортивного туризму на рівень розвитку фізичної підготовленості підлітків
Get PDFSports tourism in Ukraine is an important component of the general state system of physical culture and sport. The problem of physical training of teenagers, who practice tourism remains for today the most urgent among foreign and native scientists, who study this subject of attention specially and within the research of sports training of young tourists. The study included 46 pupils of 5–6 classes of the following educational institutions: Ss 40 and Ss 170 of the city Kiev with the deep studying of German, the ascertaining experiment took place in 2016.For determining the development level of school children’s physical training there were used valid and reliable methods, which results gave a possibility to collect qualitative and quantitative materials.The criteria of formation of teenagers’ physical culture are: force features; flexibility, endurance; adroitness; ability to jump; speed, - expressed by indicators, which manifestation measure characterizes more or less degree of a criterion expression that, in its turn, helps to determine levels of formation of young teenagers’ physical culture.The authors separated three levels of formation of teenager’s physical culture: high, middle, low.The analysis of the level of physical training of teenagers of I group revealed that 50 % of studied persons have the high level, 36,4 % of interrogated persons have the middle level, 13,6 % of respondents relate to the low one.The diagnostic results of the health level of teenagers of I group demonstrated that 59,1 % of studied persons have the high level, 36,4 % - the middle level, 4,5 % of interrogated persons – the low level.The analysis of the level of physical training of teenagers of II group revealed that 16,7 % of studied persons have the high level, 45,8 % of interrogated persons have the middle level, 37,5 % of respondents relate to the low oneУ дослідженні на основі літературних даних зазначається незадовільний стан здоров’я підлітків і важливість підвищення інтенсивності рухового режиму для покращення фізичних якостей. Звертається увага саме на такий вид активного відпочинку та спорту, як туризм. На основі результатів власних експериментів вивчається вплив спортивного туризму на рівень розвитку фізичної підготовленості дітей підліткового віку
Аналіз когерентності електроенцефалограми у осіб із різним профілем асиметрії під час обробки ритмічних патернів
Get PDFThere were studied the changes of coherence of encephalogram of brain cortex in 170 men and women with right-side and left side profiles of auricular asymmetry during auricular perception and manual reproduction (processing) of rhythm patterns. It was established, that the coherence of EEG fluctuations mainly in-creases in θ-, α- and β-diapasons of EEG in temporal, central and parietal zones of cortex during encoding of mono- and poly-phonic rhythm patterns in examined groups. The local decrease of coherence of α- and β-fluctuations was revealed during encod-ing of rhythm patterns in frontal zones, especially in right-profile women and left-profile persons. The cerebral processes at the increase of coherence in studied groups are provided by inte-gration of excitation processes in zones of encoding of sensor and motor information. The decrease of coherent connection between frontal branches demonstrates the decrease of direct-ed influence of pre-frontal cortex on the zones of processing of sensor and motor information at the period of activity of last ones. The role of such changes is more in women with right-side asymmetry profile and in persons with left-side one Досліджено зміни когерентності електроенцефалограми кори головного мозку 170 осіб під час обробки ритмічних патернів. Встановлено збільшення когерентності в обстежуваних у скроневих, центральних і тім’яних ділянках кори та зниження - між лобовими. Зміни в лобових ділянках більшою мірою характерні для жінок із правобічним та осіб із лівобічним профілями асиметрі
Стан активності та функціонування природних осередків лептоспірозу в умовах сухо-степової зони Північно-Західного Причорномор’я
No full textThe territory of arid steppe terrain in climate and landscape social conditions largely determines the capacity and activity of local cells of leptospirosis.The features of enzootic functioning of cells in different landscape areas have the key meaning in the epidemic estimation of the territory that requires detailed knowledge of ecological, landscape and biocenotical geographical specificity of circulation circles of pathogen leptospirosis. On the basis of serological control of rodents and reporting data of laboratories SES about the results of analytical studies was made the analysis of eco-social nature of epizootic manifestations of natural infection in the region and established that a key role belongs to economic and socio-economic factors, the effect of which covers the entire research area and changes spatial, structure and etiological structure of natural cells of leptospirosisТериторія аридно-степової місцевості по кліматичнічним та ландшафтно-соціальним умовам в значній мірі визначає потенціал і активність локальних осередків лептоспірозу.На основі результатів серологічного контроля гризунів та звітних даних лабораторій СЕС о результатах аналітичних досліджень, був виконаний аналіз і установлено, що дія факторів і міняє просторову, видову і етіологічну структуру природних осередків лептоспіроз