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Аналіз морфологічної мінливості тюльки (clupeonella cultriventris, nordmann, 1840) Дніпровсько-Бузької гирлової системи
Get PDFThe regulation of the natural channel of Dnipro, which beginning took place in the first half of fifties of previous century, caused the cardinal worsening of hydrobiocenosis condition of Dnipro-Bugh mouth system. The transformational processes that last till today are attended with the changes of main biological characteristics of ichthyocenosis, where sardelle - Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) was always the most numerous representative of herring.In this connection the aim of research was formed – to analyze the main morphological features of sardelle from Dnipro-Bugh mouth system under modern conditions, to compare them with the literary data of previous century and to trace the possible changes of body proportions in time. At that the certain attention was paid to detection of sex dimorphism in herd.For attaining the set aim, the correspondent volume of scientific-research works was carried out using the methods and instructions, generally recognized in ichthyological practice. The morphological changeability was determined by Student t-criterion (td) taking into account the actual volume of sampling (n)and significance level (р<0,05).The analysis of meristic signs of sardelle demonstrated that the fin formulas are the following: D – ІІІ-ІV (М=3,46±0,06) 7-12 (М=9,67±0,18); A – ІІІ-ІV (М=3,44±0,06) 10-18 (М=13,06±0,22); P - 11-17 (М=13,17±0,16); V – 6-11 (М=8,60±0,15); С ІІ (IV) (М=2,09±0,05) 19-26 (М=21,93±0,16), and the number of abdominal spinules is 24—28 (М=25,94±0,16).It was established, that the most essential changes of body proportions in sardelle in the process of Dnipro channel transformation take place by the indices of anteventral distance (td=10,06; р<0,05) and breast fins length(td=10,99; р<0,05). The existence of sex dimorphism in herd was proved. Among 20 analyzed plastic signs the reliable difference was revealed by 12 indices, but it was more significant by the most body height, antepectral distance and abdominal fins length – td=4,5-6,8 (р<0,05)У статті представлена інформація щодо морфологічної будови сучасного стада тюльки Дніпровсько-Бузької гирлової системи в умовах перебігу трансформаційних процесів, викликаних зарегулюванням стоку Дніпра. Найбільша варіабельність відмічена за показниками найменшої висоти тіла, вентроанальної відстані, лінійними розмірами анального плавця та параметрами відділу голови. Виявлені достовірні розбіжності у морфологічній будові тюльки при порівняні з даними минулого століття. Доведена наявність суттєвого статевого диморфізму у стад
Залежність густини популяції Ditylenchus destructor thorne від вологості і температури ґрунту в умовах північного сходу України
Get PDFAim. The aim of the study – to establish the parasitical activity of Ditylenchus destructor Thorne depending on abiotic factors under conditions of the Northern East of Ukraine.Methods. The studies were carried out in artificially controlled conditions of the temperature and humidity. The microscopic analysis was used.Results. It was established, that the parasitological activity of caulescent nematodes causes the injury of potato and determines the degree of its harmfulness in Northern-Eastern regions of Ukraine. There was studied the influence of two abiotic factors – temperature and humidity on the development of these nematodes. Just they are important limiting ecological factors of the increase of зpopulation density and aggressiveness of the species under conditions of the Northern East of Ukraine.Conclusions. With the increase of the soil humidity from 40 to 80 % grows the number of injured stems and tubers of potato. They are less changed at the low soil temperature. The maximal potato injury was at the morning temperature 17–20 °С and day one 20–24 °С. The established correlative-regressive dependencies may be used at the elaboration of prognoses of the development and arrangement at fighting against this vermin on potato cropsУстановлено, що паразитична активність стеблових нематод (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne) викликає пошкодження картоплі та визначає ступінь його шкідливості у північно-східних регіонах України. Вивчено вплив двох абіотичних факторів – температури і вологості – на розвиток даних нематод. Саме вони є важливими лімітуючими екологічними чинниками збільшення густоти популяції та агресивності виду в умовах Північного Сходу Україн
Исследование клеток костного мозга крыс в зависимости от их возраста и калорийности питания
Get PDFThe bone marrow is a central organ of haemopoiesis and a source of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells. The age-related changes in bone marrow induce the disorder of coordination between parenchyma and stroma of the organ that negatively influences proliferative potential and differentiation of the cells. That is why it is urgent to study the age-related changes of bone marrow and influence of caloric intake limitation on it.Aim. The aim of presented work was the study of proliferative potential, index of viability and percentage ratio of the bone marrow cells in rats depending on their age and caloric intake.Methods. The following methods were used in the study: selection and cultivation of the bone marrow stem cells, assessment of proliferative potential and viability of cells, analysis of percentage ratio of cellular types.Result. It was established, that the number of cells in bone marrows increases with age. The limitation of caloric intake favors the decrease of cells number in bone marrow despite the rats’ age. The received data demonstrated that the limitation of caloric intake increases the proliferative potential of the bone marrow only in old animals. It was established, that the viability of bone marrow cells was high during all period of cultivation. The morphological population of bone marrow cells in rats of different age was heterogenic, not depending on the conditions of their feeding. It was demonstrated, that the limitation of feeding caused the increase of the number of non-differentiated blasts in bone marrow of old animals that can be connected with the activation of the processes of self-activation of stem cells pool and non-differentiated predecessors of immune system cells. The morphological analysis of the bone marrow cells culture of all animal groups despite the age and nutrition regime demonstrated that the cultivation favors the selective decrease of cells heterogeneity. At that the cells of erythroid and megakaryocytic sprouts were absent in cellular cultures.Conclusions. As a result, the limitation of caloric intake of old rats favors the restoration or activation of proliferative potential of immunocompetent cell of bone marrow in vitro systemИзучено влияние возраста и ограничения калорийности питания молодых и старых животных на поведение клеток костного мозга в системе in vitro. Установлено, что ограничение калорийности увеличивает пролиферативный потенциал клеток костного мозга старых животных. Миелограмма экспериментальных животных имеет возрастные особенности, а ограничение калорийности вызывает повышение недифференцированных бластов в костном мозге старых животны
Аналіз псамофітного комплексу Національного природного парку «Білобережжя Святослава»
Get PDFAim of research – the comprehensive analysis of the complicated psamophytic complex of the national park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”.Object of research – types of the psamophytic complex of the national park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”.The following tasks were set for attaining this aim:– to study: the geographical structure: by zonal, regional and oceanic horologic groups;– biomorphological structure: by the big life cycle duration, by the root system type, by surface sprouts type, by vegetation type;– ecological structure: climamorphes, geliomorphes, hygromorphes, thermomorphes;– to elucidate features of the direction and anthropogenic transformation degree of the psamophytic ecocenophyton of the national natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”.Methods. The material was collections of psamophytic plants of flora of the national natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”, revealed at detail-route investigations. There were used cameral methods – herbaria material processing and mathematical statistics methods. To reveal ecophytons’ similar features there was realized the comparison of the taxonomic compositions of studied territories by the Stugren-Radolescu coefficient.For the detail study of features of psamophytic ecocenophyton anthropogenic transformation were used indices (parameters), offered by B. Jackowiak in 1990 that indicate the percent participation of groups by their relation to antropopression in flora or its separate elements.Results and conclusions. In the systematic spectrum the psamophytic florocomplex is characterized by the essential heterogeneity in both family and generic spectrums.In the geographical spectrum in the zonal spectrum prevails the submeridional horologic group, in the regional spectrum – ancient Mediterranean, Eurasian and circumpolar, in the oceanic spectrum – indifferent one.The feature of the psamophyton biomorphological structure is the prevalence of herbal monocarpic plants by the big life cycle duration, types with the core root system – by the root system type, semi-rosette and non-rosette – by surface sprouts type, summer green species – by vegetation type.In the psamophyton ecological structure prevailed: by climatomophes– terrophytes and hemicryprophytes, by geliomorphes – gelophytes, by hygromorphes – xeromesophytes and mesopytes, by thermomorphes – mesothermophytes.Almost all indices, except PS, CS, Pap, Fap, PapS that indicate the degree and direction of anthropogenic transformation of the psamophytic complex of studied flora are essentially lower than correspondent parameters for other psamophytic complexes and protected territories in whole. But they were higher than ones for the national natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava” flora in general. Apophytization prevails over anthropophytization in the process of flora synantropization.The relatively high synantropization index proves that the psamophytic complex of the national natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava” flora belongs to territories with the high degree of anthropogenic of flora. The high indices of anthropophytization, kenophytization and modernization, apophytization of the flora psamophytic complex comparing with other territories determines the synantropization specificity of the psamophytic complex of the national natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava” flora that is in the prevalence of apophytization process over adventizationОписана географічна, біоморфологична та екологічна структура псамофітного флорокомплексу Національного природного парку «Білобережжя Святослава». Географічна структура охарактеризована за зональними, регіональними та океанічними хорологічними групами. Біоморфологічна за тривалістю великого життєвого циклу, за типом кореневої системи, за типом надземних пагонів, за типом вегетації. Екологічна за клімаморфами, геліоморфами, гігроморфами, термоморфами. А також визначено закономірності й особливості напряму та ступеню антропогенної трансформації псамофітного комплексу Національного природного парку «Білобережжя Святослава
Распределение, биология и состояние популяции бычков кругляка (Neogobius Melanostomus) и травника (Zosterisessor Ophiocephalus) в Шаболатском лимане
Get PDFThere was studied the modern condition of populations of main industrial species of goby fish in Shabolatsky liman. The ecological catastrophe took place in 1992. As a result of the global suffocation, mass death of bottom fish (especially, gobies) was observed in the Southern-Western part of the water body. In the further period the ecological condition of Shabolotsky liman worsened because of the limited link with the sea. Several physical-chemical parameters of the water environment changed: salinity increased, organic content in water and bottom sediments grew, transparency decreased. The oxygen content in the near-bottom horizon decreased, hydrogen sulfide emissions were observed.The anthropogenic transformation of the liman ecosystem influenced qualitative and quantitative indicators of main groups of hydrobionts. The biological diversity and biomass of animal plankton and zoobenthos decreased, associations of macrophytes disappeared, the bloom of liman was observed the whole year round as a result of the progressing euthrophication. The renewal of the liman ecosystem took place only in 1997-2003. The reconstruction and continuous work of channels that connect Shabolatsky and Dnestrovsky limans and the regular work of a maritime channel provided normalization of the hydrologic-hydrochemical regime, restoration of biocenoses and forage reserve. The anthropogenic transformation of the ecosystem of Shabolatsky liman was reflected on population characteristics of melanostomus legs and thriver – the most mass species of neogobius in the liman. Their distribution in the liman water area, age and size-mass structure of populations, fatness, reproduction effectiveness and nutrition features changed. Most of these indicators differ from the previous period today. Along with it the received characteristics of neogobius melanostomus legs and thriver testify to the fact that their population in Shabolatsky liman is gradually renewed last years and its condition essentially improvesИсследовано современное состояние популяций основных промысловых видов бычковых рыб в Шаболатском лимане. Установлено, что после экологической катастрофы 1992 г. и последующего периода ограниченной связи лимана с морем его экологическое состояние ухудшилось, что отразилось на популяционных характеристиках кругляка и травника. Вместе с тем полученные характеристики бычков свидетельствуют о том, что их популяция в лимане в последние годы постепенно восстанавливается, а её состояние значительно улучшилос
Распределение вызванных потенциалов поперек дорсальной поверхности спинного мозга при транссекции дорсальных корешков
Get PDFThe aim of experiments on the cats was determine specificity the distributions evoked potentials (EP) of the spinal cord (SС) across dorsal surface in lumbar segments before and after dorsal roots transection.We used a standard electrophysiological techniques abduction biopotentials directly from the surface of the brain. To activate neurons SC was used stimulus on the nerves of the ipsilateral hindlimb.In experiments was found that after transection one of the ipsilateral dorsal root (DR) observe a reduction of the first negative and positive component of EP and the displacement of the point of maximum response to centre of dorsal surface. Simultaneously with this, the second component increases in amplitude (the local process disinhibition of neurons of second component). The additional deafferentation brain near the investigated segment leads to oppression all the components of EP and shifts the point of maximum response on the contralateral side.We conclude that a violation of the integrity of the dorsal roots after injury can be found depending on the amplitude of components of EP and the value of shift point of the maximum potential from the ipsilateral to contralateral part on the dorsal surface.На кошках изучали распределение амплитуды вызванных потенциалов (ВП) поперек спинного мозга (СМ) при последовательной перерезке одного или нескольких соседних дорсальных корешков (ДК). Выявлено, что перерезки ДК приводят как к изменениям амплитуд компонетов ВП, так и смещению точки максимума потенциала с ипсилатеральной (относительно места стимуляции) – на контралатеральную сторону дорсальной поверхности С
Дослідження впливу контрастних умов трофічного забезпечення за яровизації на мітотичну активність меристем, ріст та розвиток озимої пшениці
Get PDFThe work is devoted to the most important physiological and selective sign of winter soft wheat Triticum aestivum L. – vernalization.Aim. The main aim of the work was the study of trophic factor influence on the effectiveness of vernalization process.Methods. In experiments were used the varieties of winter wheat – Statna and Doridna. The contrasting conditions of trophic support were created by vernalization on integral seeds (control) and isolated buds (experiment) adding water and 3-% solution of saccharose during 45 days at temperature 3±1°С. In experiments there was studied the influence of contrasting trophic conditions of vernalization on the mitotic activity of root meristems of vernalized sprouts, their growth reaction and rates of ontogenetic development of plants, cultivated from vernalized sprouts. All experiments were carried out under conditions of vegetative experiment in factorostatic chamber of the department of physiology and biochemistry of plants and microorganisms of Kharkiv national university, named after V.N. Karazin.Results. According to the results of researches, it was established that the growth reaction of sprouts at vernalization depends on their variety specific characteristics and on trophic factors presence. It was demonstrated that 3% solution of saccharose at vernalization stimulates proliferative activity of root meristems of both winter wheat varieties but doesn’t influences the parameter – duration of mitosis phases. The presence of trophic factors in sprouts at vernalization conditions the speed of phenophases passage and transfer to generative development of both winter wheat varieties. The vernalized sprouts of Doridna variety are characterized with higher parameters of mitotic activity of root apical meristems, accumulation of biomass of sprouts at vernalization influence and longer vegetative period comparing with Statna.Conclusion. The trophic conditions of vernalization process cause proliferative activity of meristems, growth reaction of sprouts and speed of transfer to generative development that is effectiveness of vernalizationВ роботі представлені результати дослідження яровизаційного контролю розвитку двох сортів пшениці озимої м’якої. Показано, що сахароза стимулює проліферативну активність кореневих меристем яровизованих проростків, але не впливає на тривалість фаз мітозу. Встановлено, що умови трофічного забезпечення в період яровизації впливають на ростову реакцію, тривалість фенологічних фаз та перехід до генеративного розвитку Triticum aestivum L.
Вивчення видового складу мікроорганізмів в біоплівках на судинних та сечових катетерах у багатопрофільному стаціонарі
Get PDFAim. To analyze the variety composition of microorganisms which colonize the vascular and urinary catheters in patients, who stayed in reanimation and intensive care departments of multi-field hospital.Materials and methods: The study was carried out on the base of multi-field hospital of National military-medical clinical center of ME of Ukraine in 2013-2015. There was determined the frequency of microbial biofilms formation on vascular and urinary catheters. The analysis of colonization of vascular and urinary catheters by causal organisms of infectious complications was realized.Results: The frequency of microbial biofilms creation on vascular catheters was 55,6 %, on urinary ones – 97,7 %. It was established, that in the spectrum of causal organisms of catheter-associated infection in vascular catheters prevailed coagulozonegative staphylococci (29,3%), whereas in urinary ones - Enterococcus faecalis (31,8%) of all conventionally pathogenic microorganisms (CPM). The infection, conditioned by Candida fungi was revealed in 11,5% of cases.Conclusions: At the study of material from vascular catheters, microorganisms were separated mainly in microbial associations, whereas biofilms on uninary catheters were formed by several varieties of microorganisms in most cases. Creation of biofilms on implanted biomaterials gives them the clinical importance, because the infected device acts as a reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms, resistant to the components of immune system and antimicrobial agentsПроведений порівняльний аналіз колонізації судинних та сечових катетерів, отриманих від пацієнтів, що знаходилися на лікуванні у багатопрофільному стаціонарі за період 2013–2015 рр. Встановлено, що у спектрі збудників, що колонізували у судинні катетери переважали коагулазонегативні стафілококи (29,3 %), тоді як у сечових - Enterococcus faecalis (31,8 %)
Флористичне різноманіття та систематична структура флори національного природного парку «Білобережжя Святослава»
Get PDFThe aim of the work was to study the floristic richness and systematic structure of the National park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”. The following tasks were set for attaining this aim: to carry out inventorying of the specific composition of flora of the National park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”; to assess β-diversity and richness of flora the National park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”; to reveal the features of its flora by systematic analysis; to compare the allochtonic and autochtonal factions of flora of the National natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”.Methods: The material was the list of varieties of the plants of flora of NNP “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava”, revealed at detail-route studies. The cameral methods were used – processing of herbarium samples, and also the methods of mathematical statistics. The taxon names were given according to Mosyakin S.L & Fedoronchuk M. M.Results. It was revealed that floristic list of flora of the National natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava” consists of 595 varieties from 318 genera, 83 families and 4 divisions of vascular plants.The studied flora is characterized by most specific richness among the low Dnipro arenas by the level of floristic richness. It is conditioned by geological youth of arena, most diverse soil-hydrological conditions and correspondingly the different types of vegetable covering, unessential anthropogenic influence and most β-diversity.Autochtonal element of the flora includes 479 varieties from 227 genera, 50 families. Adventive fraction includes 116 varieties from 91 genera, 33 families. Aginosperms play the most important role in flora of the National natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava” (98,8%), vascular sporophytes and gymnospermous plants are only 1,2% of the general number of varieties. The floristic proportions are: (variety/genus) – 1 (variety/genus) – 3,8 (variety/genus.) – 7,2. Only 19 families of 83 ones of flora of the national park have the high level of specific diversity (7,2), one family has the middle level of specific diversity. 75 % of all flora varieties are concentrated in them. In generic spectrum prevail the monotype genera that are more than a half of the general number of flora varieties, namely 62,9 %, that is caused by the fact that the large number of endemic genera are monotype, and there are many endemic varieties in the composition of studied flora. There are 200 (62,9%) genera, which specific richness level is low(1,9). Other 118 genera, which specific richness level is high, include 37,2%. Flora is characterized with significant specific and generic richness and equally tends to both floras of Ancient Mediterranean and to Boreal ones, at that there is observed the strengthening of systematic structure as a result of anthropogenic influence.Conclusion: For today the studied flora of the National natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava” is at the stage of formation at the expanse of invasion of adventives varieties, caused by urbanization of the territory in last decade. However most advents have the wide ecological amplitude, there are eurytopic and indifferent to the different environmental factors.As a result of the analysis of systematic structure of flora of the National natural park “Biloberezhzhya Svyatoslava” there was revealed, that the combination of ecotypes, different by microclimatic and phytocenotic conditions, on the studied territory mainly causes the formation of essential β-diversity and original rich specific composition on this rather small territoryСписок флори нараховує 595 видів судинних рослин із 318 родів 83 родин 4 відділів. Аборигенна фракція становить 479 видів, 227 родів, 50 родин, адвентивна – 116 видів, 91 родів і 33 родин. Значну роль у складі флори відіграють покритонасінні – 98,8 %. Флористичні пропорції: (вид/рід) – 1 (вид/род.) – 3,8 (рід/род.) – 7,2. Флора характеризується значним видовим і родови різноманітніттям і однаково тяжіє як до флор Давнього Середземномор'я, так і до бореальних флора, при цьому, одночасно спостерігається зміщення систематичної структури внаслідок антропогенного вплив
Аналіз особливостей та асиметрії розподілу пилку амброзії по днях палінації у повітрі міста Запоріжжя
Get PDFFor today ambrosia pollen is probably the most important factor of the season allergy in sensitive layers of population and can provoke even the bronchial asthma development. To improve the prophylaxis of allergic diseases, caused by pollen of this plant and to raise the quality of the air-allergenic situation prognostication, it is necessary not only realize monitoring observations, but also to search for interconnections between the amount of ambrosia pollen and factors of environment, able to change its concentration in a cubic meter of atmospheric air essentially. The aim of the research was to analyze some features and asymmetry of ambrosia pollen distribution for pollination days for Zaporizhia city. The period 2006 - 2016 was taken into account in the study. The obtained data were compared with the normal distribution. Monitoring observations were carried out using the volumetric trap, which prototype was a Thirst trap, and obtained preparations were studied under a microscope, the recalculation of the amount of ambrosia pollen in a cubic meter of atmospheric air was realized and the statistic analysis of the obtained results was done using «STATISTICA® program for Windows 6.0». It was established, that the distribution of ambrosia pollen in atmospheric air of Zaporizhia city for blossoming days corresponds to the normal level, and the inessential asymmetry may be caused by the effect of exogenic factors, for example, meteorological conditions. So, for constructing the more precise prognosis of air-allergenic situation, caused by ambrosia pollen, it is expedient to take into account the influence of meteorological factors on pollinationМетою дослідження був аналіз особливостей та асиметрії розподілу пилку амброзії по днях палінації у повітрі міста Запоріжжя в період з 2006 по 2016 роки та порівняння отриманих результатів з нормальним розподілом. Результати, отримані в ході проведення досліджень, дозволять збільшити точність прогнозування аероалергенної ситуації та поліпшити профілактику полінозів, що викликаються пилком цієї рослин