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Характеристика питания кефалевых рыб в шаболатском лимане
Get PDFThe worsening of the ecological situation in the last years resulted in the decrease of biodiversity and general fish productivity of the saltish-water Shabolatsky estuary, placed in Danube-Dniester interfluves. It doesn’t allow to use it effectively for the traditional pasturable cultivation of mullet fish.The aim of the work was to study the features of feeding, food relations and growth of indigenous species of mullet (stripped mullet, leaping grey mullet, golden mullet) and soiuy mullet acclimater at the pasturable cultivation under conditions of Shabolatsky estuary. The collection of ichthyological material was realized in 2012-2014. At the study of mullet feeding were used standard methods that allowed to assess season changes of qualitative and quantitative parameters of feeding and food relations of mullet: stripped mullet - Mugil cephalus, golden mullet – Liza aurata, leaping grey mullet – Liza saliens, soiuy mullet – Liza haematocheilus.For the first time there was given the qualitative characteristics of feeding and food relations of different types of mullet in season and age aspects. It was demonstrated, that leaping grey mullet and golden mullet of all age groups in all seasons of a year prefer animal food; stripped mullet and soiuy mullet – detritus and vegetable food. The most similarity was inherent to the qualitative compositions of rations of yearlings of all mullet species in the spring period (feeding similarity index FSI – 63,0-76,5). In summer the food composition changed (decreased for animal plankton and increased for zoobenthos). The tension of food relations decreased (FSI – 49,8-75,0). In autumn the most similarity of the food character was typical for second-year golden mullet and leaping grey mullet on the one side and second-year and third-year stripped mullet and soiuy mullet (up to 75-89% of detritus and vegetable food) on the other one. At the same time golden mullet and leaping grey mullet essentially differed from stripped mullet and soiuy mullet by the food character. The decrease of zooplankton and zoobenthos production, noticed in Shabolatsky estuary in last years resulted in the decrease of the growth speed of leaping grey mullet and golden mullet. At the same time essential reserves of detritus of vegetable food provide the intensive growth of striped mullet and soiuy mullet.In the existent situation it is expedient to use striped mullet and soiuy mullet detritophages as main objects of the pasturable mullet cultivation to provide the maximal fish productivity of the water body. Впервые исследован качественный состав пищи, рассчитаны индексы пищевого сходства для кефалевых рыб (лобана, остроноса, сингиля и пиленгаса) разного возраста в условиях Шаболатского лимана северо-западной части Черного моря в разные сезоны года. Установлено, что при сходном характере питания кефали остронос и сингиль предпочитают животную пищу, а лобан и пиленгас – детрит и растительную пищу. Учитывая характер питания кефалевых и сокращение запасов зоопланктона и зообентоса в лимане в настоящее время, на основании проведенных исследований рекомендуется как основный объект пастбищной марикультуры использовать лобана и пиленгаса основу питания, которых составляет детрит и растительная пищ
Залежність густини популяції Lumbricus terestris у шарах ґрунту від сукупної дії абіотичних факторів в умовах північного сходу України
Get PDFAim. The aim of the research is to establish the dependence of Lumbricus terestris population density in different soil layers on the complex (complete) effect of abiotic factors under conditions of the Northern East of Ukraine.Methods. The methods of the research are field (method of excavations for determining the population density, selection of soil samples) and laboratory ones (determination of humidity, рН, electrical conduction (ЕС) of the soil).Results. The example of three abiotic factors (temperature, humidity and рН of the soil) demonstrates their complex (complete influence) on the Lumbricus terestris population density in soil layers 0–20 and 20–40 cm. Partial and plural coefficients of correlation of signs of temperature, humidity, рН of the soil and number of individuals, pair coefficients of correlation of signs of concentration of organic and non-organic substances (TDS) in the soil solution and population density of the variety testified to the different character of connections and dependencies. Conclusions. The importance of the influence of one or another abiotic factor at the constant value of another one on the population density from the least to the biggest one grows in the succession: temperature, humidity, рН. The importance of the influence of the complete effect of two factors grows in the succession: temperature and humidity, humidity and рН, temperature and рН. The correlative-regressive model gives a possibility to prognosticate the soil fertility (in the wide understanding) depending on this variety populationУстановлена залежність густини популяції дощових черв’яків( Lumbricus terestris) у різних шарах ґрунту від комплексної (сукупної) дії абіотичних факторів середовища в умовах Північного Сходу України. Наведено часткові і множинні коефіцієнти кореляції ознак температури, вологості, рН ґрунту і кількості особин, парні коефіцієнти кореляції ознак концентрації органічних і неорганічних речовин (TDS) в ґрунтовому розчині і густини популяції вид
Гематологічні показники щурів за штучного гіпобіозу
Get PDFThe use of hypobiotic state in the medical practice is rather urgent in the modern world. Three most important conditions of creation of artificial hypobiosis are: hypoxia, hypothermia and hypercapnia. The most important parameters that characterize homeostasis of the organism at artificially created conditions of hypobiosis are hematological indices. White non-pedigreed male rats with the mass 180–200 g, kept in standard vivarium conditions, were used for the experiment. Animals were divided in groups: control (intact animals) and experimental ones – the first group (artificial hypobiosis), the second group in 24 hours after going out from artificial hypobiosis. The number of animals in each group n=5. Experiments were realized according to requirements of the “European convention about protection of vertebral animals, used for experimental and other scientific needs” (Strasburg, France, 1985), general ethic principles of experiments on animals, accepted by the First national congress of Ukraine on bioethics (2001). As a result of realized studies there was demonstrated the essential increase of erythrocytes and platelets together with the decrease of the leycocytes content. Under conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia the growth of the erythrocytes level can be explained by the increase of the carbonic acid level, and the platelets level grows because of the decrease of blood fluidity at artificial hypobiosisНа сьогоднішній день є досить актуальними для медицини дослідження способів загального обезболювання, консервації крові тощо на основі введення організму у стан штучного гіпобіозу. Для детального дослідження даного стану, насамперед, необхідно детальніше дослідити гематологічні показники у стані штучного гіпобіозу та через 24 год після виходу з нього. Було показано значне підвищення еритроцитів і тромбоцитів, однак зменшення вмісту лейкоциті
Аналіз біологічних способів відновлення нафтозабруднених ґрунтів
Get PDFThe aim of the article was the analysis of modern biological methods of restoration of oil-contaminated soils and possibilities of their use at the early stages of elimination of oil-contamination. The effective biological ways of restoration of contaminated soils include bioremediation and phytoremediation. The methods of bioremediation provide the activization of existing microflora by creation of optimal conditions at the expanse of tillage, mellowing, introduction of mineral manures, sorbents and other or use of microorganisms-oil-destructors, introduced in contamined soil in significant amounts. Bioremediation utilizes the oil hydrocarbons rather successfully. But this method has a series of disadvantages, especially – many stages, high cost prices, conditioned by additional expenditures for preparatory works and for creation of the optimal conditions of bioremediation. At the same time the artificial introduction of microorganisms in oil-contaminated soils is connected with certain biological risk. The methods of phytoremediation are effective and attractive because of their naturaless, eco-friendliness, easiness and economy, are characterized with longer influence and stable improvement of environmental situation. The analysis of literary data demonstrated that the prospective plants for restoration of oil-contaminated soils are legumes, able to assimilate the nitrogen of atmosphere, perennial herbal plants and stable arboreal species, able to symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.The analysis of the literary sources of biological ways of restoration of oil-contaminated soils indicates the prospectiveness of phytoremediation methods using perennial actinorhizal plants, especially sea buckthorn that can be used independently for restoration of oil-contaminated soils. This methos is characterized with economy, esthetics, relative easiness of realization, possibility of usage on big areas and prolongation of effect. Phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils using sea buckthorn alongside with cleansing of pollutants provides the improvement of physical-chemical and biological properties of soil, prevents erosion, restrains the penetration of harmful substances in air, soil and underground water that provides the stable restoration of natural ecosystemsУ статті проаналізовано та обґрунтовано перспективи сучасних біологічних методів відновлення нафтозабруднених ґрунтів. Наведено основні підходи до здійснення біоремедіації. Показано, що найбільш екологічно безпечним, економічно вигідним методом відновлення нафтозабруднених ґрунтів є фіторемедіація. Розглянуто методи фіторемедіації нафтозабруднених грунтів, вказано найбільш ефективні рослини-ремедіанти. Обгрунтовано доцільність фіторемедіації техногенних нафтозабруднених грунтів з використанням деревних актиноризних росли
Дослідження впливу саліцилової кислоти на збудників бактеріальних хвороб рослин томатів
No full textThe aim of this work was to investigate the ability of the SA to inhibit the growth of strains of Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in nutrient media and suppress the development of bacterial black spot, bacterial spotting and bacterial cancer in tomato plants in terms of artificial infection.Methods. Virulence of strains of X. vesicatoria, P. syringae pv. tomato and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in laboratory environment was determined by artificial infection of stalks and leaves of tomato plants by injection. Accounting of strains aggression was carried out using the 10-point scale. SA on bacteria was studied by perforation method.Result. The author has established antibacterial effect of salicylic acid on the pathogens of tomato bacterial cancer, black bacterial spot and bacterial spotting in the medium, and its potential possibilities of disease inhibition in terms of artificial inoculation. It is established an authoritative increase in areas of stunted growth of pathogen strains with salicylic acid in proportion with the increase of its concentration. SA application has reduced the degree of development of tomato bacterial diseases by 8–65 % in terms of the artificial inoculation. Spraying tomato plants with SA solution was more effective than root soaking.Conclusions. SA solutions showed high antibacterial activity against pathogens of bacterial cancer C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and bacterial black spot X. vesicatoria with no growth zone of 70–80 mm. Increased SA concentrations caused the increased effectiveness of inhibition of tomato plants bacterial diseasesВстановлено антибактеріальний вплив саліцилової кислоти на збудників бактеріального раку, чорної бактеріальної плямистості та бактеріальної крапчастості томатів і потенційні її можливості в пригніченні розвитку хвороб. Застосування СК знижувало ступінь розвитку бактеріальних хвороб томата на 8–65 % за штучного зараження. Обприскування рослин томатів розчином СК було ефективнішим, ніж замочування корені
Екологічна оцінка стану атмосферного повітря за умов різних технологій виробництва продукції птахівництва
Get PDFAim of research – the integral environmental assessment of atmospheric air pollution with hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides in zones of the intensive poultry farming and egg production.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in zones of location of poultry enterprises of broiler and egg production by variants: 1. SPZ (sanitary-protection zone) – 50 m from poultry yards;2. OD – 1 (observation district) 500 m beyond SPZ;3. OD – 2 (observation district) 1700 m beyond SPZ;4. Control 10 km from poultry enterprises.Poultry enterprises are situated in Kyiv region in identical soil-climate conditions. The analysis of the content of aeropollutants NO2,SO2,,H2S in atmospheric air was realized using the gas analyzer 604-342EH07-02 (“KSM – 05” LTD, 2013).Results of research and their discussion. The results of the quantitative analysis of mean indices of physical-chemical analysis of NO2, SO2, H2S content for 2014–2016 were received. The content of NO2,,H2S in atmospheric testifies to the stable tendency to the exceed of the mean maximum allowable concentration (MACm.d.) and maximal one-time allowable concentration (MAC max), except the control AC. For the integral environmental assessment of the state of air environment in zones of industrial poultry farming was offered the index of atmosphere pollution (IAP) and the complex index of atmosphere air pollution (Ciap). For eggs production ƩIAP may be set in such a way in order to decrease: H2S(7,94)≥NO2(6,69)≥SO2(6,43). In zones of boiler production the other tendency of Ʃ IAP change is observed: SO2(26,62)≥NO2(11,31)≥H2S(6,01).Conclusions. Thus, the important and necessary condition for eco-friendly poultry farming is a system control of the state of atmospheric air and the content of priority and dangerous aeropollutants in zones of powerful poultry enterprises location. The use of IAP and Ciap is most optimal for the integrated environmental assessment of atmospheric air pollution with aerogenic pollutantsПроведено екологічну оцінку стану атмосферного повітря в зонах розташування птахо підприємств з різною технологією отримання птахопродукції. Фізико-хімічними методами визначено вмістаміаку, оксиду азоту, оксиду сірки, сірководню. У результаті проведених досліджень встановлено ступінь забруднення повітряного басейну в зонах веденняпромислового птахівництва, виявлено загальні тенденції забруднення атмосферного повітря, розраховано інтегральні індекси та коефіцієнти стану атмосферного повітр
Порівняльний аналіз нематодофауни епіфітних мохів рекреаційних парків міста Чернігова
Get PDFThe taxonomic features of the groups of nematode epiphytic mosses of three recreational parks of Chernigov city were studied.The mosses were collected from the trunks of trees at the height 100–120 cm, and the mean sample was formed. The separation of nematodes was carried out by the funnel method of Baermann, exposition was 48 hours. The separated nematodes were fixed by TAP, and the temporal water-glycerine micropreparations were made. For the analysis of nematode fauna, the share of participation of each variety in fauna composition, frequency of occurrence, taxonomic richness (ST), Menhinik index of specific richness (DMn),, Berger-Parker index (d), Jakkard index(J), Sorencen index (C), Bongers maturity index of nematode groups – MI were calculated.There were revealed 40 varieties of nematodes that belong to 30 genera, 20 families and 8 orders. 12 (30 %) varieties of nematodes were found to be common for epiphytic mosses of all park zones. The value of Jakkard index between nematode complexes of studied parks didn’t exceed 0,48. In nematode groups the most numerous were representatives of Plectidae family.It was established, that the condition of environment of nematodes of epiphytic mosses is the best at natural boundary “Kordivka” that is testified by the indices of richness (DMn was 1,80 against 0,71 and 0,62in other parks) and fauna diversityА (ST was 79 against 58 and 55), low level of dominance (d was 0,26 against 0,42 and 0,39), maturity of groups (MI was 3,18 against 2,27 and 2,58)На території м. Чернігова в трьох рекреаційних парках вивчали фауну нематод епіфітних мохів. Зареєстровано 40 видів нематод, які належать до 20 родин та 8 рядів. Дванадцять видів виявилися спільними для досліджених парків. В угрупованнях нематод більш чисельними були представники родини Plectidae. Встановлено, що стан середовища для існування нематод епіфітних мохів кращий в урочищі “Кордівка”, про що свідчать показники багатства та різноманітності фауни, ступеня домінування, зрілості угрупован
Аналіз селено- та хромовмісних сполук як перспективного класу біологічно активних добавок
Get PDFSelenium and chromium are essential microelements, which deficiency in food products conditions their decrease in the organism that results in the development of metabolic processes disorders. The use of biologically active additives of different generation allows to replenish the microelements reserve more or less. Properties of biologically active additives of organic nature have an advantage over their inorganic compounds and cause more therapeutic effect at disturbed metabolism. Biologically active additives of water plants are of a great interest. Preparations of Chlorella vulgaris, that is not only a source of biologically accessible chlorophyll, series of amino acids and so on, but also fatty acids that have antitoxic or antisclerotic effects recommended themselves rather well. There were elucidated the results of the studies that allow to note the positive influence of selenium-chromium-lipid complex of Chlorella vulgaris on metabolic processes in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus type 2. The skillful use of food additives for attaining the balance of food rations may cause regulation of prophylactic and treating measures, but any their use without scientific substantiation can cause negative resultsДефіцит селену та хрому у продуктах харчування, обумовлює зниження даних мікроелементів в організмі, що веде до розвитку патологічних процесів. Використання біологічно активних добавок різного походження дозволяє в більшій чи меншій мірі поповнити запас мікроелементів. Біологічно активні добавки органічної природи мають перевагу над їх неорганічними сполуками та чинять більший терапевтичний ефект при порушеному метаболізм
Дослідження показників ендогенної антиоксидантної системи у щурів, уражених натрію нітритом на тлі тютюнової інтоксикації
Get PDFUnder conditions of progression of environmental pollution, the one of priority directions of toxicology and medicine is the study of features and mechanisms of the combined effect of xenobiotics – risk factors of many ecologically depending diseases. In last years there is widely studied the influence of tobacco smoking on the human organism. The numerous researches proved that the wide use of mineral fertilizers in agriculture resulted in environmental pollution, especially pollution of atmospheric air, drinking water and food and created the real threat for life of both human and other living beings. All these anthropogenic toxicants penetrate the human organism and lead to the oxidative stress and activation of free radical processes in the organism and imbalance in functioning of pro- and antioxidant systems.The aim of the research is to establish the level of the oxidative stress and activity of indicators of the system of antioxidant defense in rats, injured with sodium nitrite on the background of 45 days tobacco intoxication for choosing adequate schemes of correction of detected disorders.Experiments were realized on non-linear white male rats of different age groups, who underwent the effect of tobacco smoke during 45 days. Two groups of animals, injured by smoke, received sodium nitrite in dose 45 mg / kg of body mass for 24 hours and 72 hours before the end of experiment. Euthanasia was realized under thiopental anesthesia. Blood, blood serum liver and kidneys were taken for the study.For determining AOF, there was realized extraction of blood neutrophils by the method of gradient centrifugation. For measuring AOF level in neutrophils, dichlofluorescein diacetate was used. The level of AOF production was analyzed by the intensity of dye stuff lighting on the current cytometer. Catalase activity in the reaction with ammonium molybdate, superoxide dismutase activity with nitrotetrazolium blue, the content of restored glutathione at interaction of Ellman reagent with free SH-groups were determined in blood serum and tissues. The content of ceruloplasmin in blood serum was determined by the reaction of para-phenylendiamine oxidation.The studies were realized observing general principles of experiments on animals, coordinated with statements of the European convention about protection of vertebral animals, used for experimental and other scientific aims.Rats of all age groups, injured by tobacco smoke demonstrated the increase of AOF level in blood that resulted in the oxidative process development in the organism. The synchronous intoxication of rats with tobacco smoke and sodium nitrite deepened even more all detected disorders that testify to the reliable (p≤0,05) increase of AOF that acquired the maximal values in immature animals. The oxidative stress, observed in the organism of rats of all age groups, caused inhibition of antioxidant enzymes activity: superoxide dismutase, catalase and decrease of the non-enzyme component of the antioxidant system – restored glutathione. The synchronous injure of animals by sodium nitrite and tobacco smoke resulted in the decrease of catalase activity in lungs of mature rats in 2,4times compared with intact animals in the final term of the study. After sodium nitrite intoxication of rats, toxicated by smoke, the content of restored glutathione was maximally decreased in the liver of mature rats (in 4,5 times). Most expressed changes of indicators of the antioxidant system were observed in blood serum and organs of mature ratsУ щурів різного віку, одночасно уражених тютюновим димом та натрію нітритом, відмічається підвищення у крові вмісту активних форми кисню, що призводить до окиснювального стресу в організмі. Це зумовлює пригнічення активності антиоксидантних ензимів: супероксиддисмутази, каталази та зниження неензимного компоненту – відновленого глутатіону, які найбільш виражені у сироватці крові та органах статевонезрілих щурі
Вміст фібриногену та протромбіну за умов ішемічного інсульту ускладненого цукровим діабетом другого типу
Get PDFThe article is dedicated to evaluation of general clinical and some hemostatic parameters (fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomeric complexes and prothrombin content) of patients with ischemic stroke under presence or absence of type2 diabetes mellitus. It has been established that diabetes mellitus patients with ischemic stroke are more likely to have hyperlipidemia, peripheral vascular disease and high body mass index. The conducted research has established the statistically significant changes of fibrinogen and soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) levels under both investigated pathologies (ischemic stroke and ischemic stroke complicated by insulin-independent diabetes mellitus). SFMC, the early marker of thrombophilia, was significantly higher compared to the reference values in case of stroke as well as stroke with diabetes. It was established that fibrinogen indexes were higher under IS with DM, whereas SFMC had more deviated meanings comparing with the control parameters under ischemic stroke alone. The higher SFMC level in acute phase of stroke independently of diabetes present was a statistically confirmed predictor of mortality.Nevertheless statistically significant differences of fibrinogen and SFMC levels in patients with ischemic stroke and IS+DMwere not detected and there were no differences of protrombin content neither comparing with the control nor between the studied pathologies. The obtained results have shown that ischemic stroke with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized by similar changes of the investigated hemostasis parametersПацієнтам з цукровим діабетом на фоні ішемічного інсульту притаманні гіперліпідемія, хвороби периферійних судин та високі значення ІМТ. Однак, не дивлячись на їх значне зростання в порівнянні з контрольними параметрами, не вдалося виявити різниці показників вмісту фібриногену, розчинних фібрин-мономерних комплексів та протромбіну у пацієнтів з діабетом та без нього за інсульт