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Exploration de la spécificité du domaine et des corrélats neuronaux de la méconnaissance de la mémoire dans la maladie d'Alzheimer
No full textInternational audiencePatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are less accurate than controls to predict their episodic performance, but they are as accurate as controls to predict their semantic performance. However, the dissociation between episodic and semantic metamemory had never been tested directly in the same patients. This study aimed to explore the dissociation between episodic and semantic metamemory in AD using the feeling-of-knowing paradigm. In addition, we investigated the link between memory awareness and resting-state cerebral glucose metabolism and gray matter density, in episodic and semantic tasks independently. Data from 50 patients with AD were compared to data from 30 healthy controls. Results showed that patients with AD had more difficulties to predict their recognition in the episodic task than in the semantic task, while this difference was smaller in controls. However, this dissociation was only shown with a measure of absolute accuracy, but not with a measure of relative accuracy. Lack of awareness in the episodic task was associated with hypometabolism in right frontoparietal areas in patients with AD, while semantic metamemory was associated with gray matter integrity in the left angular gyrus. The consequence of metacognitive bias and memory status on metamemory judgments are discussed.Les patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) sont moins précis que les témoins pour prédire leurs performances épisodiques, mais ils sont aussi précis que les témoins pour prédire leurs performances sémantiques. Cependant, la dissociation entre la métamémoire épisodique et la métamémoire sémantique n'a jamais été testée directement chez les mêmes patients. Cette étude visait à explorer la dissociation entre la métamémoire épisodique et la métamémoire sémantique dans la MA en utilisant le paradigme de feeling-of-knowing. En outre, nous avons étudié le lien entre la conscience de la mémoire et le métabolisme cérébral du glucose et la densité de la matière grise à l'état de repos, dans les tâches épisodiques et sémantiques de manière indépendante. Les données de 50 patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer ont été comparées à celles de 30 témoins sains. Les résultats ont montré que les patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer avaient plus de difficultés à prédire leur reconnaissance dans la tâche épisodique que dans la tâche sémantique, alors que cette différence était plus faible chez les témoins. Cependant, cette dissociation a été mise en évidence avec une mesure de la précision absolue, mais pas avec une mesure de la précision relative. Le manque de conscience dans la tâche épisodique a été associé à un hypométabolisme dans les zones frontopariétales droites chez les patients atteints de la MA, tandis que la métamémoire sémantique a été associée à l'intégrité de la matière grise dans le gyrus angulaire gauche. Les conséquences des biais métacognitifs et de l'état de la mémoire sur les jugements de métamémoire sont discutées
Antiprotons and Elementary Particles over a Solar Cycle: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
No full textInternational audienceWe present results over an 11-year Solar cycle of cosmic antiprotons based on 1.1×106 events in the rigidity range from 1.00 to 41.9 GV. The p¯ fluxes exhibit distinct properties. The magnitude of the p¯ flux temporal variation is significantly smaller than those of p, e-, and e+. A hysteresis between the p¯ fluxes and the p fluxes is observed, whereas the p¯ and e- fluxes show a linear correlation. With a model-independent analysis, we found a universal relation between the shape of the rigidity spectrum and the magnitude of flux temporal variation over an 11-year Solar cycle for both positively and negatively charged particles. The simultaneous results on p¯ and p, e-, and e+ provide unique information for understanding particle transport in the Solar System as a function of mass, charge, and spectral shape
Rapport annuel des services du Centre de Données Sismologique Epos-France, année 2024
No full textThe Epos-France Seismological Data Center publishes the annual report on service usage for 2024. It contains KPI for the services supported
Evidence for decays
No full textInternational audienceThe first evidence for the decay is obtained using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb , at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 Tev. Here, the meson represents any of the three excited charm mesons , , and . The signal is measured with a significance of 3.5 , including systematic uncertainties. The combined branching fraction , where denotes both and contributions, is measured to be , where the last uncertainty reflects that of the branching fraction of the normalisation channel . The ratio between the tauonic and muonic semileptonic decays, with the latter taken from world average values, is also determined and found to be
A methodology for assessing environmental impact of building integrated PV in low carbon footprint electricity generation context
No full textInternational audienceWith the growing interest in renewable energy to mitigate climate change, photovoltaics are increasingly relevant due to their limited carbon emissions in the use phase. This study focuses on integrating photovoltaic technologies in countries with low-carbon electricity mixes, specifically the cases of France and Norway. It presents a comprehensive methodology assessing the environmental impact of PV technologies and their application in a French and a Norwegian building. The research includes a case study of a single-family house, modeled in TRNSYS for dynamic thermal systems simulation, operating in both locations. The photovoltaic panels' life cycle assessment is conducted using the SimaPro software and a functional unit of 1 kWh from mono-crystalline panels with an expected service life of 25 years. Such analysis aims to evaluate the environmental impact through key performance indicators during the life span of the photovoltaic panel, from cradle to use with a focus on the raw material use, manufacturing processes, transportation, use phase replacements and electricity production. The indicators analysed are global warming potential, cumulative energy demand (non-renewable, fossil), energy payback time and energy return on energy invested. The study also explores the impact of different manufacturing, transportation and installation scenarios of the photovoltaic panels, including a 100% European low carbon footprint electricity mix. In summary, the findings demonstrate that in countries with low-carbon electricity production, the use of photovoltaic panels presents a favorable outcome in terms of global warming potential for the French case (25-38.6 g e/kWh), regardless of their place of manufacturing. For the Norwegian scenarios (spanning 29.5-45.6 g e/kWh), the life cycle benefit in terms of emission reductions is only evident if the panels are locally produced in Europe. This conclusion is based on electricity from the photovoltaic installation modeled to replace the Norwegian production mix of electricity. Thus, the geographical system boundaries in relation to the replaced electricity is an important parameter. Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable, fossil) was found to vary between 0.34 MJ/kWh and 0.44 MJ/kWh, the Norwegian scenarios consistently showing higher numbers than the French. Energy payback times of the mono crystalline photovoltaic panel ranged between 0.75 to 0.97 years depending on the solar potential of the installation place and the scenarios of manufacturing
KarstConduitCatalogue: a dataset of LiDAR derived point clouds for the analysis of karstic conduit geometry and morphology
No full textInternational audienceIn mature karst aquifers, networks of interconnected conduits focus and control water flow and solute transport. To improve the knowledge of the multi-scale geometry of typical conduits, we acquired a data set of point clouds and triangulated surface models of 16 different underground caves: KarstConduitCatalogue (Racine et al., 2025a, available at https://doi.org/10.60544/sbjr-z851). We employed terrestrial and mobile laser scanning workflows as fast and reliable methods for acquiring a dense point cloud of wall surfaces in enclosed spaces. These collected data can be used for many different purposes: evaluation of geometrical descriptors, direct numerical simulations of flow and transport, geomorphological mapping, structure and fracture mapping, etc. In this paper, we present the various assets derived from the acquisition. The conduits presented herein span a variety of karst massifs of Western and Central Europe, from low-elevation karst plateaus to higher-elevation Alpine aquifers
Enjeux éthiques et épistémiques de la création sonore collaborative : pourquoi et comment l'artiste sonore intervient-il en classe de langue?
No full textInternational audienceThis research explores the ethical and epistemic dimensions of collaborative sound creation projects within the French as a Foreign Language classroom. Questioning arising from two projects conducted in collaboration with sound artists led the researchers to examine five works resulting from artistic interventions in formative contexts, thereby establishing a corpus of interviews with the artists involved. The collected discourses highlight issues related to listening norms, the development of orality through the artists' perspective, power dynamics, roles and stances, and the potentially divergent temporalities of pedagogy and art. Finally, the study addresses the relationships of servitude maintained by these projects. This approach contributes to rethinking the links between artistic practices and language teaching and learning; it draws inspiration from artistic practices not necessarily to produce a final work, but to enrich language didactics through a critical approach to sound and listening.Esta investigación explora las dimensiones éticas y epistémicas de los proyectos de creación sonora colaborativa en el aula de francés como lengua extranjera. Los interrogantes surgidos de dos proyectos realizados en colaboración con artistas sonoros llevaron a las investigadoras a interesarse por cinco obras resultantes de la intervención artística en contextos formativos. A partir de ello, se constituyó un corpus de entrevistas realizadas a los artistas implicados. Los discursos recopilados señalandesafíos vinculados a las normas de escucha, al trabajo de la oralidad desde la percepción de los artistas, a las relaciones de poder, posiciones y posturas, así como alas temporalidades pedagógica y artística, potencialmente divergentes. Por último, se examinan las relaciones de servidumbre que pueden subyacer en estos proyectos.Este enfoque contribuye a reflexionar sobre los vínculos entre las prácticas artísticas y la enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas, inspirándose en la labor artística no necesariamente para la producción de una obra, sino para enriquecer la didáctica de lenguas mediante una aproximación crítica de lo sonoro y de la escucha.La recherche explore les dimensions éthiques et épistémiques de projets de création sonore collaborative en classe de français langue étrangère (FLE). Les questionnements issus de deux projets menés en collaboration avec des artistes sonores, ont conduit les chercheuses à s’intéresser à cinq œuvres issues de l’intervention d’artistes en contexte formatif, et à constituer ainsi un corpus d’entretiens menés auprès des artistes impliqués. Les discours recueillis pointent des enjeux liés aux normes d’écoute, au travail de l’oralité depuis l’écoute des artistes, aux rapports de pouvoir, de places et de postures, aux temporalités pédagogique et artistique potentiellement divergentes, et enfin aux rapports de servitude entretenus par les projets. La démarche contribue à penser les liens entre pratiques artistiques et enseignement-apprentissage des langues, et à s’inspirer des pratiques artistiques non pour produire nécessairement une œuvre, mais pour enrichir la didactique des langues par une approche critique du sonore et de l’écoute
Effect of Habitual Physical Activity on Strength Loss and Fatigability in Old and Very Old Men
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Age‐related neuromuscular and cardiovascular declines may increase relative effort and thus fatigability during daily activities. Habitual physical activity (PA) may mitigate these alterations. This study examined the effects of age and PA on fatiguability in ecological conditions. Thirty‐nine young men (YM, 22.1 ± 3.4 years), 34 old men (OM, 71.7 ± 4.1 years), and 23 very old men (VOM, 85.8 ± 2.7 years) performed a fatigue task. Increments were scaled in percentage body mass. Maximal knee extensor force (MVC), voluntary activation (VA), and twitch amplitude (Tw) were measured at baseline, after each stage and at task failure (TF). On a separate day, maximum oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 max) was quantified during a maximal ramp test. Results For a given workload (i.e., last common stage, LCS), MVC in percentage of baseline was lower in VOM (84.6% ± 9.2%) compared to YM (94.0% ± 7.0%; p < 0.001) and OM (91.7% ± 6.3%; p < 0.01). At LCS, Tw was lower in VOM (89.3% ± 12.7%) compared to OM (99.7% ± 10.5%; p < 0.05). MVC loss was greater in YM (−35.6% ± 14.5% of baseline) compared to VOM (−23.4% ± 11.3%; p < 0.01) at TF. No difference was found between YM and OM for loss in MVC and Tw. PA level was correlated with V̇O 2 max but did not affect fatigability. Tw loss at LCS was correlated with V̇O 2 max in VOM ( r = 0.69; p < 0.05). VOM, but not OM, was more fatigued than YM for a given submaximal workload but the opposite was true at exhaustion. Fatigability in VOM was due to peripheral factors and was correlated with aerobic capacity. In VOM, unlike YM and OM, higher PA levels may be sufficient to improve aerobic capacity and reduce fatigability. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0541359
Grammatical Path Network: Unveiling Cycles Through Path Computation
No full textInternational audienc
Electrical resistance of a glass-polymer bilayer under medium voltage for photovoltaic modules and related phenomena
No full textInternational audienceThe increase in voltage within photovoltaic networks enables significant reductions in CAPEX (Capital Expenditures) due to the use of smaller cable cross-sections. However, this voltage increase leads to an intensification of PID (Potential Induced Degradation) effects, which are already present at voltages below 1.5 kV. This work focuses on the electrical conduction and field distribution within PV modules through an electrical study of glass-polymer assemblies. Current measurements were carried out in a plane-to-plane configuration (with a guard electrode) on 10 cm² assemblies of a 3 mm thick glass sheet with a 500 µm laminated polymer film (encapsulant). Several assemblies of glasses and polymers were compared at different temperature and relative humidities. Monolayers of glass and polymers were also characterized. Glass-encapsulant assemblies were submitted to HVDC voltages at both polarities. The measured current is different in the two cases. Considering a soda-lime glass and a type of polyolefin, the current is at least four times larger when the glass is connected to the positive polarity than when it is connected to the negative one. Therefore, the two dielectrics do not behave like two resistors in series. In the glass, sodium ions (Na⁺) are known to migrate under the effect of the electric field. They can also enter the polymer and migrate through. If they are numerous enough, these charge migrations may change the field distribution in the dielectric. Tentative explanations of the observed differences in the steady-state current magnitudes are proposed considering these changes in the electric field distribution