HAL Université de Savoie
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T-REX-6G : Development of performant CMOS-compatible ohmic contacts for THz InP-HBT on Silicon technology
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Cartographie géomorphologique et reconstitution des dynamiques glaciaires au sein de la Réserve Naturelle Géologique des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence : enjeux de connaissance et de valorisation patrimoniale
No full textInternational audienceThe Southern Alps are a key territory for the study of glaciation and deglaciation phases, the dynamics of which remain to be clarified. At the same time, these reliefs contain a remarkable geomorphological heritage, requiring an inventory and better characterization. In this context, research work was conducted within and with the Geological Nature Reserve of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. The objective is twofold: to reconstruct the glacial history of these massifs and to promote their geomorphological heritage by focusing on glacial and paraglacial forms and formations. This research could also make it possible to establish a scientific argument that could lead to a possible classification as a National Nature Reserve and to mediation and promotion actions around geomorphological objects. To this end, following on from M. Jorda's research in 1977, a methodology combining finer-scale geomorphological mapping, fieldwork, dating, and modern tools (HD LiDAR, GIS, DTM) was implemented. This research was carried out at the EDYTEM laboratory as part of three internships funded by the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Departmental Council. Three areas were explored: Les Monges by Théo Armando in 2022, Laverq by Anaïs Fichot in 2023, and the Haute Bléone watershed and the Estrop cirque by Julien Delaunay-Quenechdu in 2024.Les Alpes du Sud constituent un territoire clé pour l'étude des phases de glaciation et de déglaciation, dont lesdynamiques restent encore à préciser. Parallèlement, ces reliefs recèlent un patrimoine géomorphologiqueremarquable, nécessitant un inventaire et une meilleure caractérisation. Dans ce contexte, un travail de recherchea été mené au sein et avec la Réserve Naturelle Géologique des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. L'objectif est double :reconstituer l'histoire glaciaire de ces massifs et valoriser leur patrimoine géomorphologique en mettant l'accentsur les formes et formations glaciaires et paraglaciaires. Cette recherche pourrait également permettre d'établir unargumentaire scientifique pouvant aboutir à un éventuel classement en Réserve Naturelle Nationale et à des actionsde médiation et de valorisation autour des objets géomorphologiques. Pour cela, dans la continuité des recherchesde M. Jorda en 1977, une méthodologie croisant cartographie géomorphologique à échelle plus fine, travail deterrain, datations et outils modernes (LiDAR HD, SIG, MNT) a été mise en place. Cette recherche a été réaliséeau laboratoire EDYTEM dans le cadre de trois stages financés par le Conseil départemental des Alpes-de-HauteProvence. Trois secteurs ont été explorés : les Monges par Théo Armando en 2022, le Laverq par Anaïs Fichot en2023, et le bassin versant de la Haute Bléone ainsi que le cirque de l'Estrop par Julien Delaunay-Quenechdu en202
Le village abandonné comme matérialisation spatiale de la mort : réflexion sur une trajectoire parallèle entre la disparition d’une entité de vie et celle de ses habitants
No full textInternational audience“The village is dead”: this common statement reflects a metaphorical use of death applied to a living space that has been abandoned. Beyond this striking metaphor, using abandoned villages in the mountains (French Alps and Spanish Pyrenees) as geographical objects of study, we can examine the reasons behind the association of death (a biological as well as social phenomenon) with spaces that were once inhabited but have been abandoned over the last century. As part of a growing interest in abandoned places and in the same vein as work on the close links between geography and death, this geohistorical approach provides food for thought on the idea of a parallel trajectory between the disappearance of a living entity and that of its inhabitants. The objective is to observe and understand how abandoned villages can be marked by a spatial anchoring of death, by taking note of actual village deaths in mountain territories.« Le village est mort » : cette affirmation courante traduit un usage métaphorique de la mort appliqué à un espace de vie désormais abandonné. Au-delà de cette métaphore qui interpelle et à partir des objets d’étude géographiques que sont les villages abandonnés en montagne (Alpes françaises et Pyrénées espagnoles) il est possible de s’intéresser aux raisons de l’association de la mort (phénomène biologique autant que social) à des espaces autrefois vécus, mais qui ont été abandonnés au cours du siècle dernier. S’inscrivant dans un attrait grandissant pour les lieux abandonnés et dans la veine des travaux portant sur les liens étroits entre géographie et mort, cette approche géohistorique propose une réflexion sur l’idée d’une trajectoire parallèle entre la disparition d’une entité de vie et celle de ses habitants. L’objectif est alors d’observer et de comprendre comment des villages abandonnés peuvent être marqués par un ancrage spatial de la mort, actant au sein des territoires montagnards de véritables morts villageoises
Examining the Anomalous Nature of Chiral Effects in Thermodynamics
No full textInternational audienceQuantum anomalies give rise to novel transport phenomena, including the generation of a current in a relativistic fluid due to the presence of magnetic field or vorticity. We present an exclusive and direct computation of the chiral anomaly within the path integral for a massless fermion on a generic electromagnetic and curved background, including local temperature and chemical potential. We identify new thermodynamical contributions to the anomaly which induce the Chiral Separation and Vortical Effects. Additionally, we show that the anomaly fully vanishes at global equilibrium
A novel framework for phytoplankton biomonitoring: Trait assignment of 23S rRNA sequences
No full textInternational audiencePhytoplankton is a key biological group used to assess the ecological status of lakes in several legislative water management plans. Two cutting-edge approaches for community characterization are DNA metabarcoding and trait-based analyses. While the former provides a fast, cost-effective and high-throughput methodology for identifying communities, the latter reveals the structure of communities through bio-ecological traits. The main aim of this study was to combine these approaches to directly assign traits to amplicon sequence variants. To achieve this, we used the newly developed Phytool v3 reference database. Using an in silico test, we assessed the efficiency and reliability of our approach. We found: (1) that a greater number of sequences with better reliability can be assigned to traits than to genus or species level and (2) that traits are conserved in the phylogeny with varying extent. Then, we tested the usefulness of direct trait assignment on environmental samples from lakes. The test showed a greater number of successfully assigned sequences and a good ecological interpretation of community structures in the different environments. Furthermore, we identified three factors (completeness of the reference library, sequence similarity and the number of neighbours in the reference database) which, depending on the trait under consideration, interfere with the assignment success of our approach. While DNA metabarcoding data can be exploited in many ways depending on the objectives, our study showed that an innovative framework based on direct trait assignment of sequences could overcome gaps in reference databases and further improve our knowledge of phytoplankton community structure
Forecasting the position and timing of eruptive vents using a particle filter method
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Global Solutions to the Discrete Nonlinear Breakage Equations without Mass Transfer
No full textGlobal existence of mild solutions to the discrete collisional breakage equations is established for a broad class of collision kernels, without imposing any growth assumptions. In addition, classical solutions are constructed, and uniqueness is proved for an appropriate class of kinetic coefficients and initial data. The large time behavior of solutions is also discussed, and numerical simulations are presented to support the theoretical results
Menstrual cycle phase affects active hamstring mechanical properties after exercise-induced muscle damage
No full textInternational audience17β-estradiol and progesterone may modulate the severity of exercise-induced muscle damage. The rigidity of the contracting semitendinosus was altered after exercise only during the end of the luteal phase, when P4 levels are high and E2 concentrations decline. Recovery of maximal voluntary force was also impaired at the end of the menstrual cycle
