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Microstructure and magnetic properties of the Cu-rich Nd(Fe,Mo) strip cast flakes
No full textInternational audienceNd(Fe,Mo)12 compounds have been considered as promising candidates for next generation permanent magnet materials, thanks to their excellent intrinsic hard magnetic properties, comparable to those of the well-known NdFeB magnets, allowing a minimum usage of rare earth elements (RE). However, achieving high coercivity in an anisotropic microstructure has proven to be a significant challenge, which hinders their practical applications. In this work we present microstructural studies of the strip-cast Nd(Fe,Mo)12-based alloy. Detailed microstructural characterization using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals sub-micron sized 1-12 magnetic grains, indicating that the addition of Cu leads to grain boundaries segregated into RE and Cu. Micromagnetic simulations based on the observed microstructure emphasize the role of grain boundaries and of crystalline defects on the development of coercivity. This work provides evidence about relevant aspects of the microstructure of these compounds that is correlated to the coercivity development
Rectangular recurrence relations in and invariant integrable models
No full textInternational audienceA new method is introduced to derive general recurrence relations for off-shell Bethe vectors in quantum integrable models with either type or type symmetries. These recurrence relations describe how to add a single parameter, , to specific subsets of Bethe parameters, expressing the resulting Bethe vector as a linear combination of monodromy matrix entries that act on Bethe vectors which do not depend on . We refer to these recurrence relations as \textit{rectangular} because the monodromy matrix entries involved are drawn from the upper-right rectangular part of the matrix. This construction is achieved within the framework of the zero mode method
“Black-and-White” thinking: Does visual contrast polarize moral judgment? Independent replications and extension of Study 1
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Da Omero all'Aretino: il Primo libro dell'Iliade di Francesco Gussano
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How learning material shapes learning strategies in an alphabet arithmetic task
No full textInternational audienceTwo theories stand in contrast regarding the cognitive processes involved in adults solving basic additions. Associationist theories argue for memory retrieval while procedural theories advocate for automatised counting. This study investigated whether the learning material influences strategies, using an alphabet-arithmetic task. One condition relied on contiguous augends (EFGH …) and +2 to +5 addends, while the other condition used non-contiguous augends (ACEG …). Results showed that, over the sessions, mean solution times became shorter in the Non-Contiguous condition than in the Contiguous condition, suggesting more memorisation in the former. This interpretation was supported by participants reporting more memorisation in the Non-Contiguous condition. This indicates that learning from a non-contiguous sequence promotes memory-based processes, while learning from a contiguous sequence favours counting procedures. The explanation could be that the Contiguous condition benefits more from the embedded counting principle, meaning that counting includes intermediate calculations that are directly useful for solving subsequent problems
Geochronological, isotopic and petrogenetic investigations of Cenozoic Volcanic rocks in the Talysh Massif, NW Iran: Insights for the Eocene magmatic flare-up
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Landscapes—a lens for assessing sustainability
No full textInternational audienceThere are urgent calls to transition society to more sustainable trajectories, at scales ranging from local to global. Landscape sustainability (LS), or the capacity for landscapes to provide equitable access to ecosystem services essential for human wellbeing for both current and future generations, provides an operational approach to monitor these transitions. However, the complexity of landscapes complicates how and what to consider when assessing LS.Objectives: To identify important features of landscapes that remain challenging to consider in LS assessments and provide guidance to strengthen future assessments.Methods: We conducted two workshops to identify the complex features of landscapes that remain under-considered in LS assessments, and developed guidelines on how to better incorporate these features.Results: We identify open and connected boundaries and diversity of values as landscape features that must be better considered in LS assessments or risk exacerbating offstage sustainability burdens and power inequalities. We provide guidelines to avoid these pitfalls which emphasize assessing ecosystem service interactions across interconnected landscapes and incorporating local actors’ diverse values.Conclusions: Our guidelines provide a stepping stone for researchers and practitioners to better incorporate landscape complexities into LS assessments to inform landscape-level decisions and actions
Worldwide Soundscapes: a synthesis of passive acoustic monitoring across realms
No full textAbstract The urgency for remote, reliable, and scalable biodiversity monitoring amidst mounting human pressures on climate and ecosystems has sparked worldwide interest in Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM), but there has been no comprehensive overview of its coverage across realms. We present metadata from 358 datasets recorded since 1991 in and above land and water constituting the first global synthesis of sampling coverage across spatial, temporal, and ecological scales. We compiled summary statistics (sampling locations, deployment schedules, focal taxa, and recording parameters) and used eleven case studies to assess trends in biological, anthropogenic, and geophysical sounds. Terrestrial sampling is spatially denser (42 sites/M·km 2 ) than aquatic sampling (0.2 and 1.3 sites/M·km 2 in oceans and freshwater) with only one subterranean dataset. Although diel and lunar cycles are well-covered in all realms, only marine datasets (65%) comprehensively sample all seasons. Across realms, biological sounds show contrasting diel activity, while declining with distance from the equator and anthropogenic activity. PAM can thus inform phenology, macroecology, and conservation studies, but representation can be improved by widening terrestrial taxonomic breadth, expanding coverage in the high seas, and increasing spatio-temporal replication in freshwater habitats. Overall, PAM shows considerable promise to support global biodiversity monitoring efforts
Human Footprint and Forest Disturbance Reduce Space Use of Brown Bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) Across Europe
No full textInternational audienceThree-quarters of the planet's land surface has been altered by humans, with consequences for animal ecology, movements and related ecosystem functioning. Species often occupy wide geographical ranges with contrasting human disturbance and environmental conditions, yet, limited data availability across species' ranges has constrained our understanding of how human pressure and resource availability jointly shape intraspecific variation of animal space use. Leveraging a unique dataset of 758 annual GPS movement trajectories from 375 brown bears (Ursus arctos) across the species' range in Europe, we investigated the effects of human pressure (i.e., human footprint index), resource availability and predictability, forest cover and disturbance, and area-based conservation measures on brown bear space use. We quantified space use at different spatiotemporal scales during the growing season (May–September): home range size; representing general space requirements, 10-day long-distance displacement distances, and routine 1-day displacement distances. We found large intraspecific variation in brown bear space use across all scales, which was profoundly affected by human footprint index, vegetation productivity, and recent forest disturbances creating opportunity for resource pulses. Bears occupied smaller home ranges and moved less in more anthropized landscapes and in areas with higher resource availability and predictability. Forest disturbances reduced space use while contiguous forest cover promoted longer daily movements. The amount of strictly protected and roadless areas within bear home ranges was too small to affect space use. Anthropized landscapes may hinder the expansion of small and isolated populations, such as the Apennine and Pyrenean, and obstruct population connectivity, for example between the Dinaric Pindos population and the Alpine or Carpathian population. Our findings call for actions to maintain bear movements across landscapes with high human footprint, for example by maintaining forest integrity, to support viable bear populations and their ecosystem functions
