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Spremljanje subjektivne notranje obremenitve pri vrhunskih kumite-karate športnikih: vloga trajanja počitka, dihalnih tehnik in obsega treninga
Get PDFObjectives: Study aimed to investigate interdependent effects of rest periods duration, breathing techniques, and training volume, on the set Rating of Perceived Exertion in elite-level karate athletes. Equipment and methods: Nine elite-level athletes (males = 6) participated in this study. We organized six training sessions, each consisting of 200 gyaku-zuki strikes divided into five sets with 40 repetitions per set, with varying rest and breathing techniques (kime, kiai, and without exhalation). The sessions included both short (30 seconds) and long (90 seconds) rest periods, and the training volume was analyzed separately for each of the five sets. Internal load measures were collected from participants during the between-set pauses. Results: The three-way within subject ANOVA have showed the that shorter rest (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.561) and a higher number of sets (p = 0.000, η2 = 0.861) lead to higher subjective responses compared to longer rest and fewer sets. Contrary, the subfactors of breathing techniques did not show significant effects (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study provides insights into the advantages of rest period duration and training volume on subjective load during kumite-karate training sessions for elite-level karate athletes, suggesting that incorporating these factors could be a beneficial approach in designing kumite-karate training.Cilji: Študija je bila namenjena raziskovanju medsebojno odvisnih učinkov trajanja počitka, dihalnih tehnik in obsega vadbe na nastavljeno oceno zaznanega napora pri karateistih na elitnem nivoju. Oprema in metode: V tej študiji je sodelovalo devet vrhunskih športnikov (moški = 6). Organizirali smo šest treningov, od katerih je vsak obsegal 200 gyaku-zuki udarcev, razdeljenih v pet serij s 40 ponovitvami na serijo, z različnimi tehnikami počitka in dihanja (kime, kiai in brez izdiha). Treningi so vključevali kratke (30 sekund) in dolge (90 sekund) počitke, obseg treninga pa je bil analiziran ločeno za vsakega od petih sklopov. Meritve notranje obremenitve so bile zbrane od udeležencev med premori med serijami. Rezultati: Tristranska ANOVA znotraj subjekta je pokazala, da krajši počitek (p = 0,013, η2 = 0,561) in večje število nizov (p = 0,000, η2 = 0,861) vodita do višjih subjektivnih odzivov v primerjavi z daljšim počitkom in manj nizi. Nasprotno pa podfaktorji dihalnih tehnik niso pokazali pomembnih učinkov (p > 0,05). Zaključek: Ta študija zagotavlja vpogled v prednosti trajanja časa počitka in obsega treninga glede subjektivne obremenitve med treningi kumite-karateja za vrhunske karateiste, kar nakazuje, da bi lahko bila vključitev teh dejavnikov koristen pristop pri načrtovanju treninga kumite-karateja
Razlike v strukturi dejavnosti udeleženk na treningih ritmične gimnastike glede na vrsto orodja
Get PDFA sedentary lifestyle remains one of the biggest challenges faced by modern society. Although much is known about the benefits of physical activity, the majority of the population, especially children, do not engage in sufficient physical activity throughout the day. Children\u27s participation in organized physical activities can be of great importance, but these activities must be adapted to the needs of the child and should encourage a certain amount of movement. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of various activities to ensure that children\u27s participation is purposeful. The aim of this study was to determine the active exercise time, the content of the training, and the pedagogical activity of coaches during different phases of rhythmic gymnastics training, which included the use of various apparatus as well as exercises without apparatus. A total of 126 girls, aged 7 to 11, participated in the study, and the activity of 60 girls, as well as six coaches, was analysed over 12 training sessions. Data were collected using the SOFIT instrument, which monitored the girls\u27 activity, the training content, and the pedagogical activity of the coaches. The length of active time in all phases of training depended on the content used, and activity was generally higher in sessions involving apparatus. Coaches spent the most time giving instructions and demonstrating, with the time dedicated to demonstrations being significantly longer when apparatus were used in training.Sedeči način življenja ostaja eden največjih izzivov sodobne družbe. Čeprav je veliko znanega o koristih telesne dejavnosti, večina prebivalstva, zlasti otroci, čez dan ne dosega priporočene ravni gibanja. Otroško vključevanje v organizirane telesne dejavnosti je lahko zelo pomembno, vendar morajo biti te dejavnosti prilagojene otrokovim potrebam in spodbujati določeno raven gibanja. Zato je pomembno razumeti značilnosti različnih aktivnosti, da bi zagotovili smiselno vključevanje otrok. Namen te raziskave je bil določiti čas aktivnega gibanja, vsebino vadbe ter pedagoško dejavnost trenerjev v različnih fazah treninga ritmične gimnastike, ki je vključeval uporabo različnih orodij kot tudi vaje brez njih. V raziskavi je sodelovalo skupno 126 deklic, starih od 7 do 11 let. Analizirana je bila dejavnost 60 deklic ter šestih trenerjev v okviru 12. vadbenih enot. Podatki so bili zbrani z uporabo instrumenta SOFIT, ki je spremljal aktivnost deklic, vsebino vadbe ter pedagoško dejavnost trenerjev. Dolžina aktivnega časa v vseh fazah treninga je bila odvisna od uporabljene vsebine, pri čemer je bila aktivnost na splošno višja pri vadbah z orodji. Trenerji so največ časa posvetili podajanju navodil in demonstracijam, pri čemer je bil čas demonstracij znatno daljši, ko so bila v vadbo vključena orodja
Med ljudmi in tehnologijo: Intervju z dr. Tanjo Ahlin
Get PDFDr. Tanja Ahlin kot postdoktorska raziskovalka sodeluje z Oddelkom za antropologijo Univerze v Amsterdamu in Amsterdamskim inštitutom za globalno zdravje in razvoj. V svojem raziskovalnem delu se ukvarja z uporabo digitalnih tehnologij na področju zdravstva in skrbstva. Na podlagi terenskega dela v Kerali v Indiji in Omanu je napisala knjigo Calling Family (Klicanje družine, 2023, Rutgers University Press), ki jo je posvetila raziskavi skrbstva na daljavo v indijskih družinah. Trenutno se ukvarja z vprašanjem vloge socialnih robotov v skrbi za starejše.
Dr. Tanja Ahlin kot postdoktorska raziskovalka sodeluje z Oddelkom za antropologijo Univerze v Amsterdamu in Amsterdamskim inštitutom za globalno zdravje in razvoj. V svojem raziskovalnem delu se ukvarja z uporabo digitalnih tehnologij na področju zdravstva in skrbstva. Na podlagi terenskega dela v Kerali v Indiji in Omanu je napisala knjigo Calling Family (Klicanje družine, 2023, Rutgers University Press), ki jo je posvetila raziskavi skrbstva na daljavo v indijskih družinah. Trenutno se ukvarja z vprašanjem vloge socialnih robotov v skrbi za starejše
Slovenian Antiproverbs in the Dictionary of Proverbs and Similar Paremiological Expressions
Get PDFPredstavljamo in analiziramo antipregovore, ki so se uvrstili v Slovar pregovorov in sorodnih paremioloških izrazov, ki na portalu Fran izhaja od leta 2020. Antipregovor je poseben paremiološki žanr, ki nastane s parodičnim posegom v zgradbo pregovora. Opisujemo merila, ki smo jih upoštevali za uvrstitev ustaljenih slovenskih antipregovorov v paremiološki slovar. Analizirali bomo zgradbo in pomenske značilnosti antipregovorov, ki so predstavljeni v slovarju, nato pa pokazali, kako se te lastnosti odražajo v naslednjih tipih slovarskih podatkov: v pomenskih razlagah, navedenih ustaljenih variantah in avtentičnih zgledih rabe. Poleg tega bomo v navezavi na analizo zgradbe antipregovorov razmislili o tem, kateri so najverjetneje specifični za slovenski jezik, kateri pa so razširjeni širše ali pa vsaj v še enem slovanskem jeziku (na primeru slovaških ustreznic slovenskih antipregovorov).We present and analyse antiproverbs that we have included in the Dictionary of Proverbs and Similar Paremiological Expressions. The dictionary has been published on the Fran portal since 2020. An antiproverb is a special paremiological genre created by a parodistic intervention in the structure of a proverb. We describe the criteria we applied for the inclusion of established Slovene antiproverbs in the paremiological dictionary. First we analyse the structure and semantic features of the antiproverbs presented in the dictionary, and then show how these features are reflected in the following types of dictionary data: in explanations of meaning, presented fixed variants and authentic examples of usage. Furthermore, in the context of analysing the structure of antiproverbs, we determine which are specific to the Slovene language and which are rather widespread or at least present in more than one Slavic language (using the example of Slovak equivalents of Slovene antiproverbs)
The Hybridisation of Slovak in Use as a Result of the Convergence of Modern Slovak with Czech
Get PDFV prispevku pregledno orišemo glavne zgodovinske razvojne tendence slovaščine v odnosu do divergence in konvergence s češčino, kar je tesno povezano z vprašanjem jezikovnega purizma. Težišče tega orisa temelji na kratkem preglednem opisu najnovejšega stanja tega razvoja po razpadu Češkoslovaške in nastanku Slovaške kot samostojne države. Kljub novonastali situaciji in pričakovani divergenci, postopnemu oddaljevanju obeh jezikov, po naših opažanjih v rabi slovaščine paradoksalno prihaja do konvergence s češčino kot posledica asimetričnosti vzajemnih vplivov slovaščine in češčine v ekonomskem, izobraževalnem in zlasti medijskem prostoru. Deloma je to rezultat očitnih jezikovnih napak. Rezultat enosmernega prekomernega transferja v drug jezik je ekstralingvalni jezikovni hibrid kot denimo denglisch, spanglish idr. Na primerih iz sodobnega živega sporazumevanja poskušamo s pomočjo empiričnega opazovanja in deloma člankov in internetnih diskusij uglednih slovaških tiskanih medijev pokazati nespregledljiv proces hibridizacije slovaščine v rabi s češčino na zvočni, oblikoslovni, besedotvorni, skladenjski, leksikalni in leksikalno-semantični ravni kot primer novodobne češkoslovaščine.In this paper we outline the main historical development trends of Slovak in relation to the divergence and convergence with Czech, which is closely related to the issue of linguistic purism. The focus of this outline is based on a brief overview of the most recent state of this development after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the emergence of Slovakia as a sovereign state. Despite the new situation and the expectations of divergence, with a gradual distancing of the two languages, our observations suggest that in actual use – and as a result of the asymmetry of the mutual influences of Slovak and Czech in the economic, educational and especially media spheres – Slovak is paradoxically converging with Czech, although partly as a result of interference based on obvious linguistic errors. Using a few examples from contemporary live communication, as a result of empirical observation and partly from internet discussions of prominent Slovak print media, we try to show the untransparent process of hybridisation of Slovak with Czech at the sound, vocabulary, word-formation, lexical and semantic and stylistic levels
Etnobotanična raziskava zdravilnih rastlin v Thiruthuraipoondi, Tamil Nadu
Get PDFField surveys were conducted in 25 villages of Thiruthuraipoondi, Tiruvarur district, Tamil Nadu, India, to methodically record and enumerate the traditional knowledge (TK) that the villagers had about the use of medicinal plants in treating various human ailments. A comprehensive collection of ethnomedical data was accomplished, including botanical names, vernacular names, family information, habits, parts used, modes of application, use value (UV), Relative frequency citation (RFC) and therapeutic uses. A thorough documentation of the medicinal uses of 63 plant species from 28 families was presented out of the exploration. The study area was dominated by Fabaceae (12.7%), Malvaceae (9.5%), Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae (7.9%), Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae and Solanaceae (6.3%) plant families. Based on habit, the majority of plants were shrubs (40%), succeeded by herbs (37%), trees (17%) and climbers (6%). Amongst the various plant components used to treat ailments, the most popular ones were the leaves (65%), trailed by whole plants (11%), fruits (8%), roots (5%), seeds (5%), flowers and bark (3% each). The various forms of drug preparations include cooked (24%), decoction (24%), paste (22%), juice (14%), raw (8%), powder (6%), and oil (2%). The most common form of administration was oral. With the highest UV of 0.13 and RFC of 0.33, Acalypha indica L. became the most often utilized species. This plant, in particular, attracted a lot of interest from the local population because of its reputation for treating a variety of ailments.V 25 vaseh Thiruthuraipoondi, okrožje Tiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, Indija, so bile opravljene terenske raziskave, da bi metodično zapisali in našteli tradicionalno znanje vaščanov o uporabi zdravilnih rastlin pri zdravljenju različnih človeških bolezni. Opravljeno je bilo obsežno zbiranje etnomedicinskih podatkov, vključno z botaničnimi imeni, domačimi imeni, podatki o družini, navadah, uporabljenih delih rastlin, načinih uporabe, uporabni vrednosti (UV), relativni navedbi pogostosti (RFC) in terapevtski uporabi. Skupaj predstavljamo uporabnost 63 zdravilnih rastlinskih vrst iz 28 taksnomskih družin. Na območju raziskave so prevladovale rastlinske družine Fabaceae (12,7 %), Malvaceae (9,5 %), Asteraceae in Euphorbiaceae (7,9 %), Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae in Solanaceae (6,3 %). Glede na habitus je bila večina rastlin grmovnic (40 %), sledila so jim zelišča (37 %), drevesa (17 %) in plezalke (6 %). Med različnimi rastlinskimi sestavinami, ki se uporabljajo za zdravljenje bolezni, so bili najbolj priljubljeni listi (65 %), sledile so cele rastline (11 %), plodovi (8 %), korenine (5 %), semena (5 %), cvetovi in lubje (po 3 %). Različne oblike pripravkov vključujejo kuhane dele rastlin (24 %), poparek (24 %), pasto (22 %), sok (14 %), surovine (8 %), prah (6 %) in olje (2 %). Najpogostejša oblika jemanja je bila peroralna. Acalypha indica L. je bila rastlinska vrst z najvišjim UV 0,13 in RFC 0,33. Ta rastlina je zlasti zaradi svojega slovesa pri zdravljenju različnih bolezni vzbudila veliko zanimanja lokalnega prebivalstva
Ocena izbranih funkcionalnih lastnosti mlečnokislinskih bakterij, izoliranih iz alžirskega kozjega mleka Makatia, za uporabo v živilih
Get PDFWhile studies on the health aspects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may receive more attention from the scientific community, the focus on the technological aspects of these bacteria has also become equally important, as these bacteria possess physiological properties that qualify them for use in various food productions. This study examined some of these traits for 10 LAB isolates from Makatia goat milk in the Wilaya of Mascara in western Algeria. Tests were conducted to evaluate acidifying activity, enzymatic activity, growth capability at different pH levels, in high salt environments, different temperatures, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, high-temperature tolerance, antagonistic activity, and antibiotic sensitivity. All isolates lacked amylolytic activity, while proteolytic activity varied between 14.33 and 32.67 mm of lysis zones, and lipolytic activity varied between 8.43 and 12.53 mm. Thermotolerance at 63 °C for 30 minutes was revealed for all 10 isolates, along with variable growth capacities under different conditions (high, low pH, salted environment, and different temperatures). Significant antagonistic activity ranged between 11.5 and 40.66 mm of inhibition zones against the tested indicator strains. All 10 LAB isolates from goat milk exhibited remarkable technological properties that may or may not be helpful in food technology. For example, they are desirable in the fermentation industry and undesirable in some pasteurisation-sensitive products or some meat food industries.Medtem ko študije o zdravstvenih vidikih mlečnokislinskih bakterij (LAB) morda pritegnejo več pozornosti znanstvene skupnosti, je enako pomembno tudi osredotočanje na tehnološke vidike teh bakterij, saj imajo fiziološke lastnosti, ki jih kvalificirajo za uporabo v različnih živilskih proizvodnjah. Ta študija je preučila nekatere od teh lastnosti za 10 izolatov LAB iz kozjega mleka Makatia v Wilaya v Mascari v zahodni Alžiriji. Opravili so se testi za oceno kisle aktivnosti, encimske aktivnosti, sposobnosti rasti pri različnih vrednostih pH, v okoljih z visoko vsebnostjo soli, pri različnih temperaturah, proizvodnje eksopolisaharidov (EPS), tolerance na visoke temperature, antagonistične aktivnosti in občutljivosti na antibiotike. Vsi izolati so bili brez amilolitične aktivnosti, proteolitična aktivnost pa je bila med 14,33 in 32,67 mm liznih con, lipolitična aktivnost pa med 8,43 in 12,53 mm. Vsi 10 izolati so pokazali termotoleranco pri 63 °C za 30 minut, skupaj z različnimi sposobnostmi rasti v različnih pogojih (visoka, nizka pH, slano okolje in različne temperature). Pomembna antagonistična aktivnost je bila med 11,5 in 40,66 mm inhibicijskih con proti testiranim indikatorjem. Vseh 10 izolatov LAB iz kozjega mleka je pokazalo izjemne tehnološke lastnosti, ki so lahko koristne v prehrambni industriji. Na primer, so zaželeni v fermentacijski industriji, vendar nezaželeni v nekaterih proizvodih, občutljivih na pasterizacijo, ali v nekaterih mesnih industrijah
Nove najdbe in ekološki vpogledi v vrste rodu Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) v Kosovu
Get PDFAmong its members, the genus Russula is one of the largest ectomycorrhizal genera, with approximately 1,300 recognized species. Previous studies on macrofungi in Kosovo have documented 25 species, primarily from oak forests. This study adds 14 new species to the mycobiota of Kosovo, bringing the total number of Russula species documented in the country to 39. With the exception of R. torulosa, which was found at two locations, all other newly recorded species were observed at a single site. Additionally, new location records for previously known species are presented.Rod Russula je eden največjih ektomikoriznih rodov, s približno 1300 priznanimi vrstami. Prejšnje študije o makroglivah na Kosovu so dokumentirale 25 vrst, predvsem iz hrastovih gozdov. Ta študija dodaja 14 novih vrst k mikobioti Kosova, s čimer se skupno število dokumentiranih vrst Russula v tej državi poveča na 39. Z izjemo R. torulosa, ki je bila najdena na dveh lokacijah, so bile vse druge novo zabeležene vrste opažene le na eni sami lokaciji. Poleg tega so predstavljeni novi lokacijski zapisi za že znane vrste
Performing a Hermitage: Jerzy Grotowski’s Tactics of PeripheryCentre Policy
Get PDFPoljski režiser Jerzy Grotowski (1933–1999) velja za enega najpomembnejših predstavnikov gledališke avantgarde druge polovice 20. stoletja. Čeprav se je sčasoma začel upirati tovrstnemu priznanju, je skozi prakso razvil celo mrežo strategij, ki sta jih navdihnili tako poljska kot evropska avantgarda. Del te mreže je povezan izključno z odnosom med periferijo in središčem. Kot dedič kulture, ki se vidi kot obrobno (in se tovrstnemu spoznanju hkrati poskuša tudi upirati), je Grotowski vse življenje razvijal politiko periferije in središča. Zato si je za »bazo«, oziroma kar za »dom«, izbral periferijo, središče pa je izpostavljal načrtnemu pregonu in vdorom ter s tem ustvarjal motnje v konvencionalnih razmerjih in hierarhijah. Članek orisuje zgodovino strategij, ki jih je Grotowski razvijal od odločitve leta 1959, da zapusti osrednje mesto Krakov in se preseli v provincialni Opole, vse do uprizarjanja »skritega puščavništva« v Pontederi (Toskana) v 90. letih.Polish director Jerzy Grotowski (1933–1999) is generally considered one of the most important representatives of the theatre avant-garde of the second half of the 20th century. Even if he, from a particular moment, opposed such a recognition, in his practice, he developed a whole net of strategies inspired by the historical avant-garde, both Polish and European. One set of this net’s strings is connected strictly to the relation between the periphery and the centre. Being an heir of culture that considers itself peripheral (and tries reluctantly to oppose such a recognition), Grotowski developed a lifelong policy of periphery and centre. Consequently, choosing the former as his own “base”, or maybe even a “home”, he at the same time consciously haunted and invaded the latter, disturbing the conventional relations and hierarchies. The article presents an outline of the history of the strategies Grotowski developed from his decision to leave the central town of Kraków for the provincial Opole in 1959 until his performance of a “hidden hermitage” in Pontedera (Tuscany) in the 1990s
Poetic to Popular, Beauty and Monstrosity in the Norwegian Avant-Garde Theatre
Get PDFV norveškem gledališču je avantgarda morda manj vidna zaradi izredno močne ibsenovske režijske tradicije, zaznamovane z realizmom, ki predstavlja osrednjo strujo v norveški gledališki zgodovini. Vseeno pa med dvajsetimi in šestdesetimi leti 20. stoletja beležimo več poskusov, ki so botrovali nastanku tega, kar v članku imenujem zgodovinska avantgarda, o njej pa razpravljam z vidika lepote in monstruoznosti. Pri tem se osredotočam na prekinitev oziroma prelom z ibsenovsko režijsko tradicijo, ki pomenita zavrnitev tradicionalnih načinov reprezentacije pri uprizarjanju Ibsenovih dram – torej realističnih režijskih in igralskih idealov, ki so prevladovali za časa Ibsenovega življenja in v desetletjih po njem. V članku orišem tudi prehod neoavantgarde v postavantgardo, ki je potekal od šestdesetih do osemdesetih let, pa tudi vpliv, ki ga je na to imel situacionizem.In Norwegian theatre, the avant-garde may be less visible due to the very strong Ibsen tradition in stage directing marked by realism, which is the main tradition throughout Norwegian theatre history. However, there were attempts to create a Norwegian theatre avant-garde in the period between the 1920s and 1960s, which the author addresses in this article as a historical avant-garde perspective of beauty and monstrosity. The article focuses on the break from or cracking of the Ibsen tradition in stage directing, which indicates a break from traditional representational ways of playing Ibsen on stage, marked by the predominant realist stage directing and acting ideals, first during Ibsen’s own life and then during the decades after. The article also indicates the neo-avant-garde transition into the post-avant-garde from the 1960s to the 1980s and how Situationism came to influence it