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Analysis of heat absorption viscoelastic exothermic chemical reactive fluid with temperature dependent viscosity under bimolecular kinetic
Get PDFThis study examines the boundary layer flow of variable viscosity, incompressible exothermic chemical reactive fluid with thermal radiation and asymmetric convective cooling under Bimolecular kinetic. The viscoelastic fluid flow along a vertical channel in the presence of a thermal buoyancy force and pressure gradient. Rosseland approximation is defined for the thick radiation heat flux in the energy equation with gray radiating liquid, non-scattering but with heat absorbing depending on wavelength. The convective heat exchange with the sorrounding temperature at the channel surface satisfied Newton’s law of cooling. The computational analysis of the dimensionless nonlinear governing equations is obtained using Weighted residual method (WRM). The solutions are employed to obtain the velocity field, energy profile, skin friction and Nusselt number of the flow. These are graphically presented and discussed to show the effect of some pertinent fluid parameters on the non-Newtonian liquid flow. It is observed that the heat source reaction terms need to be cautiously monitored and controlled to avoid reaction solution blow up
Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin is associated with intestinal and systemic improvements in diet-induced obese mice and maintains epithelial barrier integrity in vitro
No full textWe investigated the Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin plantaricin EF (PlnEF) system for its contributions to L. plantarum mediated benefits in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were administered a rifampicin resistant mutant of L. plantarum NCMIB8826 (NICMB8826-R) or an isogenic ΔplnEFI mutant strain, LM0419, every 48 h for nine weeks. Mice fed wild-type L. plantarum, but not LM0419, reduced their consumption of the HFD starting three weeks into the study and exhibited an overall 10% reduction in weight gain. The responses were independent of glucose homeostasis, as both NCMIB8826-R and LM0419 fed mice had improved oral glucose tolerance compared to sham controls. Although bacteriocins have antibacterial properties, the ileal, cecal, and fecal microbiota and cecocolic metabolomes were unchanged between mice fed either wild-type L. plantarum or the ΔplnEFI mutant. Instead, only mice fed NCMIB8826-R showed an increased production of ZO-1 in ileal tissues. To verify a potential role for the plantaricin EF system in supporting intestinal epithelial function, synthesized PlnEF peptides were applied to Caco-2 cell monolayers challenged with TNF-α and IFN-γ. The combination of PlnE and PlnF were required to prevent sustained cytokine-induced losses to Caco-2 cell para- and transcellular permeability and elevated IL-8 levels. In conclusion, this study shows that probiotic L. plantarum ameliorates the effects of obesogenic diets through a mechanism that involves the plantaricin EF system and likely includes L. plantarum–induced fortification of the intestinal epithelium
Mass shootings in the United States: Understanding the importance of mental health and firearm considerations
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine whether mass shooters\u27 media-reported mental health history and firearm access related to mass shooting severity. The current analysis included a total of 102 mass shooters in the United States between 1982 and 2018 described in media reports. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to assess if a shooter\u27s media-reported mental health history and firearm access were related to mass shooting severity while controlling for age, race, location, weapon attainment legality, and assault rifle use. Results suggest that reported mental health histories, number of weapons brought to the scene of the crime, weapon attainment legality, the use of an assault-style weapon, and location were significantly related to mass shooting severity. Understanding the relationships between gun access, mental health, and mass shooting severity might provide a better foundation for policy development aimed at minimizing mass shootings. Unaddressed mental health issues might increase violence; therefore, reducing mental health stigma might enable more individuals to seek formal evaluations, which could assist violence prevention efforts. Similarly, increased firearm responsibility and safety, whether at the social or legal level, might reduce violence and prevent casualties of mass shootings
Death penalty decision-making: Fundamentalist beliefs and the evaluation of aggravating and mitigating circumstances
No full textPurpose: Jurors’ religious characteristics are related to death penalty attitudes and verdicts. Jurors’ religious characteristics might also relate to endorsements of aggravating circumstances (aggravators) and mitigating circumstances (mitigators)—factors that make a defendant more or less deserving of the death penalty, respectively. The purpose of this research was to assess the extent to which religious fundamentalism was related to endorsement and weighing of aggravators and mitigators and subsequent death penalty decisions while controlling for relevant religious and demographic characteristics. Methods: Two studies were conducted. Study 1 included a regression analysis in which participants filled out religious and demographic measures via an online survey. In Study 2, participants acted as mock jurors in a death penalty trial in which the defendant was already found guilty. Mock jurors read the case facts and attorney arguments and then weighed aggravators and mitigators before recommending a sentence for the defendant. Results: In Study 1, fundamentalism negatively predicted mitigator endorsement, intrinsic religiosity negatively predicted aggravator endorsement, and orthodoxy positively predicted aggravator endorsement. In Study 2, fundamentalism was related to death penalty sentences, and this was mediated by people\u27s weighing of aggravators and mitigators. Specifically, fundamentalism was related to a lower likelihood of choosing a life sentence because fundamentalism was negatively related to weighing mitigators over aggravators. Conclusions: Results support and explain prior research linking fundamentalism with punitiveness in death penalty cases. Such findings support the “eye for an eye” punishment philosophy associated with fundamentalist beliefs. Theoretical and legal implications are discussed
“The Talk” regarding minority youth interactions with police
No full textThis mixed methods descriptive study is an effort to describe whether “The Talk” (regarding behavior during interactions with police) occurs equally in African American, Latino, and White families and to determine the content of these conversations. A sample of 307 university students, in three areas of Texas, were surveyed with closed and open-ended items. Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and t-test difference between proportion analyses and qualitatively through a process of coding to identify patterns and themes in the open-ended responses. The findings reveal that a majority (74%) of the youth surveyed have had “The Talk” with their parents/guardians, and this influences their perceptions of the police. Unsurprisingly, African Americans were found to be more fearful and distrustful of law enforcement than Whites and Latinos. Latinos shared many similar, more positive, perceptions of law enforcement with Whites in contrast to African Americans. Whites, however, evidenced the most faith in law enforcement and in the idea that their complaints about police misconduct would attain results
Multiple-Model Multiple Imputation for Longitudinal Count Data to Address Uncertainty in Missingness Mechanism
Get PDFIn this paper, an approach to generate imputed values for count variables to incorporate missing data mechanism uncertainty is proposed. For multiple imputation, a distribution is considered in such a manner that it can reflect missing data mechanism uncertainty. For combining the parameter estimation of these imputed data sets the rules of nested multiple imputation are used. The performance of the multiple imputations is investigated using some simulation studies. Also, a real data set is analyzed using the proposed approach
Method of Deriving Companion Identities Associating q-Series
Get PDFIn this paper, we have established two theorems by making use of Euler’s q-derivative and qshifted operators for a function of one variable and also for function of two variables. We derived several companion identities by applying these theorems on some known q-series identities. We deduced several special cases which are also the companion identities in the last section of the paper
Analysis of batch arrival bulk service queue with multiple vacation closedown essential and optional repair
Get PDFThe objective of this paper is to analyze an queueing model with multiple vacation, closedown, essential and optional repair. Whenever the queue size is less than , the server starts closedown and then goes to multiple vacation. This process continues until at least customer is waiting in the queue. Breakdown may occur with probability when the server is busy. After finishing a batch of service, if the server gets breakdown with a probability , the server will be sent for repair. After the completion of the first essential repair, the server is sent to the second optional repair with probability . After repair (first or second) or if there is no breakdown with probability , the server resumes closedown if less than ` \u27 customers are waiting. Otherwise, the server starts the service under the general bulk service rule. Using supplementary variable technique, the probability generating function of the queue size at an arbitrary time is obtained for the steady-state case. Also some performance measures and cost model are derived. Numerical illustrations are presented to visualize the effect of various system parameters
Simplifying Coefficients in a Family of Ordinary Differential Equations Related to the Generating Function of the Laguerre Polynomials
Get PDFIn the paper, by virtue of the Faà di Bruno formula, properties of the Bell polynomials of the second kind, and the Lah inversion formula, the author simplifies coefficients in a family of ordinary differential equations related to the generating function of the Laguerre polynomials
Fibonacci and Lucas Differential Equations
Get PDFThe second-order linear hypergeometric differential equation and the hypergeometric function play a central role in many areas of mathematics and physics. The purpose of this paper is to obtain differential equations and the hypergeometric forms of the Fibonacci and the Lucas polynomials. We also write again these polynomials by means of Olver’s hypergeometric functions. In addition, we present some relations between these polynomials and the other well-known functions